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Monday, 08/15/2016 6:43:12 PM

Monday, August 15, 2016 6:43:12 PM

Post# of 48316
The UCSF publication demonstrates the predictive power of high and low pd-1 and ctla-4 CD8 t-cells in the tumor microenvironment. Anti PD-1 drugs are not observing success in the majority of patients. Why? Because the patients' immune cells are either low or negative for pd-1 and ctla-4 expression. The study confirms that TIL with pd-1 and ctla-4 t-cells under 20% do not respond.

How do you turn these non-responders into responders? You activate more CD8 t-cells, which in turn increases the number of pd-1 and ctla-4 expression on TIL.

Which companies are capable of achieving these increases? Oncosec and Heat Biologics.