Gold production has increased exponentially in Congo from almost nothing in 2011 to 25.5 metric tons (820,000 ounces) last year, as commercial mines run by London-listed Randgold Resources Ltd. and Toronto-based Banro Corp. have started up. Officially, only 583 kilograms of gold was produced by artisanal and small-scale miners last year, but Congo’s Chamber of Mines in February said that as much as 400 kilograms of illegal gold leave the South Kivu province alone every month.
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