II. Mukungwe case study Mukungwe is situated in South Kivu’s Walungu territory, in the Mushinga groupement of the Ngweshe collectivité . Figure 3 . Mukungwe mine, South Kivu The mine lies within Banro’s industrial exploitation permit 43. Banro has expressed interest in exploiting Mukungwe’s rich resources industrially but at the time of research had not yet commenced a full evaluation of the orebody to confirm its viability for industrial mining due to its focus on higher ranking exploration targets at other deposits and to reduced exploration activities based on the current depressed gold price. In addition to its artisanal mining population, which numbers up to 10,000, Mukungwe is also one of the most fought over gold mines in South Kivu. The mine was validated in 2012 and certified ‘red’, because of the presence of FARDC and FDLR. As such, Mukungwe may seem an odd choice for a case study of a mine where the OECD D ue Diligence Guidance could be implemented. Yet Mukungwe has also been the focus over the past two years of intense efforts by the national and provincial governments and the Congolese NGO Observatoire Gouvernance et Paix (OGP) to address its problems and mediate between the parties to the conflict. These efforts have achieved significant results, though reconciliation between all the parties to its conflict has not yet been achieved. In addition, an important disagreement that must still be resolved at Mukungwe is that while Banro and the national and provincial governments want artisanal diggers to vacate the site and relocate to an as yet unidentified ZEA, the diggers want to stay on the mine. Banro states that vacation of the site by diggers would be done following prior consultation with all stakeholders as per the company’s practice.
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