OncoSec Medical Inc (ONCSQ)

[JeffL]

"Certain breast cancers produce CSF-1, CCL2, STAT3 and STAT6, which promote macrophage infiltration and M2 differentiation. High Th2 CD4+ T cells with low CD8+ T cells results in a protumoral environment with increased metastatic risk. Interactions between M2 macrophages and MDSCs lead to high levels of IL-10 and low levels of IL-12, further reinforcing the M2 phenotype and increasing levels of Th2-type CD4+ T cells. These CD4+ T cells produce IL-4, which also polarizes macrophages toward M2, creating a feedback loop. Meanwhile, CD8+ T cells are suppressed, resulting in an overall immune-permissive environment for tumor growth and spread. CSF: Colony-stimulating factor; MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell."

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/734992_5