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Sunspotter
Nice dd.
Interesting points you raise. I think that the 510 process, i.e. the swab as a medical device, can secure approval by being substantially the same as another, previously approved product. But the fact that it is applying an as yet unapproved medical product (Brilacidin) probably messes up any "easy" path. Spotts has a good insight into this process. I'd be interested in any other perspectives he might have. I just can't see how a patent on applying an unapproved product is much of a game changer. Still, need a successful FDA cycle, though that might not be hugely expensive for select nasal uses. Just speculating.
I stopped buying under well 400,000 I am F'd also. .
right you are
I thought Frenchie brought some good dd lots of time. Her overly positive attitude was hers, never bothered me.
Agree, sounded kind or understandable and even reasonable to me. You get kicked a few times, you change your perspective, leastways most of us do. But trying to understand her motives had not been a major priority for me.
"Just go on this website and punch in brilacidin....its mentioned alot....
https://ppubs.uspto.gov/pubwebapp/static/pages/landing.html"
All true and all good, and I appreciate your constant dd and hopeful attitude. But till we see an FDA 3 completed (or even a strong FDA 2b that stirs up large interest) all useless. Maybe irrelevant is a better word. As I've written too man times, by late '23 or early '24 or so, we'll know lots more, good or bad. GLTA
No body asked for my opinion, but I'll give it freely. I appreciate LR's posts, sometimes they demonstrate good or even great DD and save us all (longs) lots of DD time. Sometimes LR gets carried away and splits some hairs, hey, to each his own. Glad he is here even when he is picking at something I wrote, and I'm glad when I see old timers like you still here . Free country and all that. GLTA
What bothers me most is that Brilacidin is a known quantity among lots of researchers, from BARADA to FDA to many research institutions. Just an hour or two on various cites will provide anyone interested with probably a foot of studies, articles and journal pieces on any facet of any potential IPIX products. They know about us, guys. Six or more months of nothing substantial on fungus testing, AS test cycles, BeaMed potentials or anything else really means that no interest can probably be equated with nothing of relative value. Our pps is so low that any BP or even an "almost BP"" like AS could come in and buy a huge stake for very cheap. I am not totally disheartened, because the fat lady has not yet sung, she's just getting up to buy more Cheetos.
No arguments here.
Leo doesn't want a full Board or there would be one.
C'mon LR, what is the difference between a full board and one that is not full. Neither is board non-inside holders can be elected to. And that is the point that was being addressed. I much appreciate your analyses, this is just playing with words. Beneath you.
Angus I love your persistence. You'll notice that lots of folks here and there mention that they have lots of shares, ok, often purchased at the penny level. Regardless, lots. But there appears to be no realistic way to gain board membership, for one basic reason, there appears to be no board. I'd love to see some sharpie show me that there actually is. Bag holders like me are just being taken along for the ride, and unfortunately, except for a few weeks of Covid pps boost, the ride is down. Leo has obviously tried to make money here, but he hasn't succeeded for most of us, but for setting up a parasitic salary game for himself and a friend. Some sharp bag holders sold at the interim Covid high in the .40s, they were wise. Most remaining here weren't, imo.
Great, hope he answers you. He stopped answering me a few years ago.
"Every shareholder should call the IPIX number @ 978-921-4125, press 6 for the CEO and leave him a message demanding to know whats going on besides these testing PR's......its time to put some pressure on this guy!!!!!!!!"
Been there, done that. Why waste the time and energy? You are met with silence. Pressure would be going to an annual meeting and trying to vote he and his friend out, but there are none. Our company is more of a stock holding of Leo's than a real company.
LR. seems to miss the point about all holders being fans. I am a holder, but am no far, neither am I an enemy. Just hoping for the best.
"Does anyone have an idea when the sp will start to increase? Just trying to break even here, and pay some medical bills."
I'll leave the answer to wiser posters. Be well.
"But all of them say they never have owned any Ipix and own no Ipix today"
Not sure what to make of that.
"....as we await what I believe will be a tremendous payoff soon to come from our investment."
Why say something like this with no backup? C'mon, make my day, tell me how, in a bit more specific terms, how the bag holders will prosper. But I do have an answer re those who are really negative and angry on this board over and over, most days. They lost their azzes, that can tend to sour a guy (or a girl).
Appreciate time you've spent on this. As noted, we'll see what the future holds for AS and B.
I've noted I'm not buying more shares. And the linked in friends you
refer to, apparently are no long talking about AS. (You seem to be
implying I am shilling for IPIX, that seems to me to be a strange conclusion).
If you don't think N. Italy had a serious Covid bout, as did some other places, then
we interpret the news differently. Here is a small clip, from CNN Travel (edited)
Traveling to Italy during Covid-19: What you need to know before you go
CNN Staff
Updated 1:23 PM EDT, Thu October 6, 2022
What’s the Covid-19 situation?
As the first hit European country, Italy has been through a lot. Restrictions have consistently brought things under control, with Italy holding out longer than European neighbors in each subsequent wave. However, the winter waves of 2020-21 and 2021-22 have taken huge tolls.
Italy holds Europe’s second highest death toll (after the United Kingdom), passing the milestone of 100,000 deaths on March 8, 2021. Over 22.6 million people have been infected to date, with the death toll at 177,300 as of October 6, 2022.
With the arrival of the Omicron variant, case numbers soared. Cases reached a record high the week of January 10, with 1,269,976 cases recorded. Before Omicron, the record infection rate for the pandemic was 248,000 infections in a week, registered in November 2020.
"Or you could be a paid insider"
I enjoy your posts and often learn from them. But really, with this sub 2 cents penny
stock, there isn't much reason, or much money to pay anyone to shill it. And,
in the scheme of things, whether or not Frenchbroad is a real ethnic entity or just a
silly scam, doesn't mean much.
Let's hope AS may give bag holders a much needed boost, something Leo and friend
have not done. Who knows if the Israel project can help? All I know for sure is I p----
away lots of coin on this pos.
I'm glad to see you use Google Scholar, an unbelievably detailed resource. However, it lists all scholarly articles, but does not necessarily emphasize any relevant FDA studies. In other words, though it is a plus to have many citations in Google Scholar, scholarly coverage does not imply the inevitability or even the existence of the all-important, successfully completed FDA 2b and 3 studies. It includes articles, not necessarily reports of successfully completed study legs, though it does include these on occasion.
"I don't see why Covid would have had any significant reason for AS not to be able to develop a simple gel, foam, or other type application method in a timely matter."
Northern Italy had some of the highest Covid rates in the world at the time. People/researchers were afraid to leave their houses, receive or send shipments, etc.. Regardless, a company still needs to have successful testing of its products. How do you know "a simple gel, foam, or other type application" would need no FDA testing cycles. FDA testing is never simple, as I see it. We should know by late 23 or early 24 if ongoing AS testing were successful as has been posted before.
'"I'm guessing you are referring to an FDA 3."'
I was referring to Sun spotter's post and to the fact that an effective FDA 2 can be done for lots less in resources than an FDA 3. The fact that Leo has done nothing with at least 1 successful FDA 2 does not alter the fact that successful FDA 2s (in the right hands) can be drivers of pps. I do agree that whatever benefits of the FDA 2s done by IPIX have been squandered. Of course we will never know if any BP has reviewed these results and found them simply not worth purchasing/licensing.
"It would need thousands of patients and tens, if not hundreds of millions of dollars."
I'm guessing you are referring to an FDA 3. I might quibble on the final estimates, but my point is that a successful 2b could be done for lots less dollars and patients. and would be a fine pps driver in itself.
"Scientists and universities and governments around the world look at the many things Brilacidin can do"
I'd trade it all and more for a single, completed FDA 3.
"It's comforting to know that no humans were injured in that testing."
? Not sure what you are referring to.
"I sure would like to know what the conversations were about between these well known
brain doctors in the USA, Israel and the StringRay company itself regarding what designs
and outcomes would make this machine top notch."
Me too.
"Just curious, I asked them and got no reply and was only expecting one if lucky
private company for now"
If Leo is in any way involved you will not likely receive any response.
"Brilacidin would mean a Ipix share price USD$.06 in about 30 seconds."
Probably higher, to 10 cents or more, imo. After all, the MMs need a higher pps to short it back down to a more cost based level. But your point is well taken, if -- that is -- if.
All speculation, my hunch, and I have little to back it up, is that AlphaSigma will have a successful test and will approach IPIX about buying the total B IBD franchise. Maybe it is more my hope than my expectation. We shall see in a matter of 6-9 months or less, imo.
"AlphaSigma IMO has been a total waste"
Don'ts forget covid took lots of time off the clock. If they haven't had any finding by mid 2014 then you are right, and we have another chance taken out of play. Let's hope you are wrong.
"So either Leo bilked his shareholders or doesn’t really believe brilacidin has such potential.""
I've often felt that myself. I do retain some hope that the Alpha Sigma test may have some success and that may cause some good things to happen for IPIX. If Leo believes that, he may also believe there may be some money to spread on other options. But I am not buying more shares, for sure.
"You can do some nifty pilot studies with $4 million"
Do you mean redoing the OM or pouring dough into an IBD-related study?
Or more in the direction of mildew, mold, fungus, etc.? Or another new direction?
"It also takes money, but Leo Ehrlich has given all IPIX’ money away."
Unfortunately, IPIX needs way more than the 4 million Leo bet with/gave away.
But, If it works our for Alpha Sigma it will probably work out for IPIX moneywise.
If not not, no money honey.
Nothing news expected till late 23 or early 24, imo. Real live testing takes time.
Something is better than nothing, though something may not be much. We shall see.
Nice catch, when was the article published? It looks familiar.
As I understand it, they are guided by electronic assistance, they buy and sell shares on the market, and set prices for those transactions. We as buyers/sellers can accept them ourselves, or wait until we feel it is more favorable to act. SEC rules are changing, but what I take away is that as little guys we are in a rigged market. So when a poster says the pps is determined by the free market he is part right, the other part is the market makers. I once read that the market makers consider all the money on the table as potentially theirs, and resent little guys taking too much off. This is why we see the anomalies of pps drops in the face of relatively large purchase days, or the anomaly of price rises during times of not much turnover at all. As a a corollary I believe that the Market Makers that specialize in IPIX are kind of small time guys: with the low pps and low volume not much money is being changed hands here on almost any given day.
Here's a start, you can fill in the rest if you are interested.
Market Makers: Definition & How They Make Money
Updated: Jun. 13, 2022Written By: Ian BezekReviewed By:
Table of ?ontents
What Is a Market Maker?
Who Are Market Makers?
How Market Making Works
How Market Makers Make Money
Market Making Signals
Hypothetical Example of a Market Maker's Day
Impact of Market Makers on the Stock Market
Bottom Line
FAQ
A market maker is an individual or broker-dealer that operates on a stock exchange, buying and selling shares for their own account. Market makers earn a profit both from collecting the spread between the bid and ask prices of a security and also from holding inventory of shares throughout the trading day.
Wall Street Tumbles After Chinese Stocks Plunge 9 Percent
Stephen Chernin/Getty Images News
What Is a Market Maker?
A market marker is an individual or broker-dealer that has registered with an exchange to buy and sell shares of given stocks directly from other market participants. Financial exchanges rely on market makers to provide orderly trading of the underlying stocks, options, and other products listed on their platforms.
Nowadays, most exchanges operate digitally and allow a variety of individuals and institutions to make markets in a given stock. This fosters competition, with a large number of market makers all posting bids and asks on a given security. This creates significant liquidity and market depth, which benefits retail traders and institutions alike.
In return for providing this service, market makers earn a profit in two ways.
From harvesting the spread between the bid and ask: While this spread is typically just pennies per share, this profit can add up on a stock trading hundreds of thousands or even millions of shares a day.
From buying or selling when there are significant market imbalances and then selling off that inventory later when conditions settle down
Note: Some exchanges use a slightly different structure. The New York Stock Exchange, for example, has an individual designated market maker (DMM), formerly known as a specialist, assigned to each security to provide greater liquidity, depth, and price discovery. (Source: nyse.com)
Equities Market Makers
Equity market makers have a long history. The old Wall Street movies give a perspective of this past era. In that day, brokerages would call in orders to the exchange and then specialists on the floor of the exchange would pair those orders with a willing counterparty. And, if there wasn't one, the specialist would buy or sell the stock themselves out of their own inventory.
With the transition to digital markets, things have evolved. Today, there's hundreds—if not thousands—of market makers, both human and digital, providing services to various stock exchanges. These can range from large banks or broker-dealers making markets in thousands of securities to individuals or niche firms that concentrate in market making just a few different stocks.
Options Market Makers
Option market making is a much more recent phenomenon. Given that each individual listed company can have dozens or hundreds of different corresponding options contracts with varying strike prices and expiries, it's difficult for a human to make a broad market across an entire option market.
Thus, the creation of the Black-Scholes option pricing model was integral in the development of options markets. This allowed computers to quickly calculate a reasonable price for a wide range of different options contracts. Nowadays, options market makers have a sophisticated series of pricing models and risk management algorithms to help offer reasonable liquidity even in fast-changing market conditions.
Who Are Market Makers?
Market makers can either be individuals or broker-dealers who meet a certain set of requirements around education, training, capital adequacy, and so on.
There are a wide range of market makers from big banks and institutions down to specialized shops and individuals. Big investment banks such as JPMorgan (JPM) are involved, but there is plenty of room for wholesalers and other players as well.
How Market Making Works
Market makers simultaneously post both a bid and ask for a stock. Once posted, a market maker has an obligation to honor that offer if a trader wants to transact at that price. This creates a reliable ecosystem for traders, since they can see through level two quotations just how much bid and ask is available at varying prices.
Throughout the day, market makers will be both buying and selling the same underlying security countless times. If successful, a market maker's operations will turn a profit by selling shares at a marginally higher average price than they were purchased at.
How Market Makers Make Money
Market makers have two primary ways of making money.
1. Collecting the Spread
The first is from collecting the spread between the bid and the ask on a stock. Say a company is trading at $10 per share. A market maker may post a bid to buy 1,000 shares at $9.90 and an offer to sell 1,000 shares at $10.10. Once both orders fill, the market maker will have bought 1,000 shares at $9.90 and sold at $10.10, making a 20 cent per share ($200) profit.
2. Taking on Inventory
The other big way market makers earn money is through taking on inventory. When there is a supply or demand imbalance in a stock, market makers will often accumulate a large position in an equity. When there is panic selling following a negative news announcement, for example, market makers are often the people buying as the crowd rushes to get out of the stock. Once things calm down, the market maker can slowly unload the inventory at more favorable prices, earning a profit for their willingness to absorb the risk during the panic selling.
Note: Market making is not simply a form of arbitrage. Market makers take considerable risk by being willing to buy and sell in volatile market conditions. Sometimes, if a company's stock plunges and then continues to decline, for example, market makers can suffer outsized losses holding inventory of a rapidly falling equity.
Market Making Signals
Some traders speculate that market makers have signals to work together with each other. Legally, market makers cannot cooperate when planning and executing their trades.
However, rumors abound that market makers engage in behavior, such as executing small transaction size trades, as a hint to other market participants about future activity. This might be possible in small capitalization or penny stocks, but there's little evidence of it being a widespread issue with most companies listed on the primary American stock exchanges.
Hypothetical Example of a Market Maker's Day
Let's imagine how trading might go for a market maker in Apple (AAPL) stock on the day of one of its product events. In the morning, there's a lot of buzz around what new things Apple might unveil. Traders clamor to buy Apple stock ahead of the event.
The market maker, facing significantly more demand for than supply of stock, sells through much of their inventory to retail investors at steadily increasing prices. This is a useful market function, since few other traders want to sell ahead of the product launch, but a market maker has a duty to provide a bid and ask regardless of market conditions.
Afternoon arrives, and the event is a disappointment. There are no revolutionary features for Apple's mainstay products and traders lose interest in the story. Now there's a rush to sell Apple shares, with few people willing to buy. Except the market maker, that is. The market maker is a steady buyer of Apple shares at declining prices as traders move to unload their positions. In this way, the market maker refills their inventory of Apple shares which had previously been sold in the morning.
The market maker, in this case, has made a meaningful profit from being willing to sell to the market in the morning and buy back in the afternoon when the majority of traders were going in the other direction.
However, the market maker is exposed to risk. Had the product launch been a hit, Apple shares could have continued rallying, leaving the market maker on the wrong side of the action. This is a key risk that market makers take in return for earning the spread between buy and sell transactions throughout the day.
Impact of Market Makers on the Stock Market
As the above example demonstrations, market makers provide a pivotal function to stock exchanges. They are willing to buy and sell securities during rapidly-changing conditions when few other people are willing to step in. If a company misses earnings, for example, there will be an exodus out of the stock. Who is willing to buy during those brutal sell-offs? Market makers.
In addition to being a buyer or seller of last resort, market makers also keep the spread between the bid and ask low. On popular highly-liquid stocks, there is often only a spread of a penny or two between the bid and ask, reducing slippage for retail traders.
That's in stark contrast to less popular securities, where there are far fewer market makers. In low-capitalization low-volume companies with scarce market-making capacity, bid/ask spreads can run a dollar a share or even higher, leading to significant transaction costs for retail traders.
Bottom Line
Market makers earn profit from taking risk, namely that they will be able to resell shares they purchase at a profit. Their operations play an integral role in market structure, ensuring that stocks have a willing buyer or seller at a reasonable price in all market conditions.
FAQs
Are all brokerages market makers?
No, not all brokerages are market makers. The primary role of a broker is to deliver orders from a customer to the stock exchange and provide all the back office and support functions necessary to facilitate those transactions. Whereas, the primary purpose of a market maker is to buy and sell securities from other traders and investors.