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All I am saying is that both Vale and Teck seem to think that extensive drilling programs may not be the only way to deterimine the extend of the deposit that Katx may have....and explains some of the Oil exploration comment also...the statements made by some beside myself that two boring holes are enough...
http://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~exploration/Teck2010.pdf
We show an application where derived stochastic density models can be used for
mineral exploration. The proposed strategy for building 3D stochastic models
honours the information at all available borehole locations. Thus, this approach is
applicable to a wide range of near surface exploration problems in groundwater,
environmental and geotechnical investigations.
Implications for resource evaluation: Joint simulation for geochemical data
(Zn%)
The derived density model can be used to jointly simulate other geochemical
information (Zn, Pb, and Ag).
Conclusions
This study demonstrates the application of geostatistical methods to build a 3D
earth model that is based on the integration of petrophysical, geochemical and
borehole geophysics information. The availability of multiple attributes that
characterize the state of rocks from a dense distribution of boreholes provide a
necessary framework for building stochastic 3D earth models. Collocated
cokriging can be used to further refine the 3D model by accommodating the
spatial correlation between various rock property variables according to some
predefined hierarchy. We used this geostatistical approach to locally characterizeConclusions
This study demonstrates the application of geostatistical methods to build a 3D
earth model that is based on the integration of petrophysical, geochemical and
borehole geophysics information. The availability of multiple attributes that
characterize the state of rocks from a dense distribution of boreholes provide a
necessary framework for building stochastic 3D earth models. Collocated
cokriging can be used to further refine the 3D model by accommodating the
spatial correlation between various rock property variables according to some
predefined hierarchy. We used this geostatistical approach to locally characterizethe 3D distribution of the rock mass of a shallow base metal deposit in New
Brunswick, Canada.
Not a target, how many Vale mining site to you know of with another company right in the middle..... you show me one...
I am not saying Katx is Vale, but Vale could influence the buying an selling....They have a larger claim but Katx is in the center, surely Katx is a target...IMO
I am saying that they chose the locations carefully to use the most intense values at both locations to calibrate the values using the materials from both borings. The Copper will be somewhere inbetween. Wheeler is at Vale he has done this before and the proof that it works in the data from VB.... If you found an OD how many people would you tell before you bought up the whole countyside.... The OD people waited 2.5 years....got a good head start on everyone else... Vale needs to feed its billion dollar beast..
Selling a stock that has been driven down by most would be the prudent thing to do... and it explains how a stock like Inco can move like it did... maybe some one has done this many times before you don not get to be number 2 with out taking over a few companies...Just my opinion.... Vale could sell all day every day and that would explain alot IMO....
You confirmed you did not have much experience in REE now you say nothing to it.... I think there is a lot more to it...once you have the results thats when the work beginnings...finding a JV with someone who really knows what the values mean
What numbers do we have... and why did they select to two locations that they did...this what a drilling program for the next set of holes.....look at the the DD no one expected to drill in to the copper ore...IMO.... you can look at all the number you want if you don't know what they were used for what do the numbers released tell you...LMAO go yell fire in a theater...
So in theory they could get alot of information from two borings if they took their time and were absolutely precise and if Vale had other boring from the surrounding area then they could use those to double check.....
real data scenarios from the Voisey's Bay massive sulphide deposit in Labrador, Canada
Just search Voisey Bay Inco Vale and Katx.... lots of the same people....not misleading... just leading...
.http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.6004L
A single Earth model consistent with multiple geophysical datasets (from different surveys) is more likely to represent the true subsurface than a model consistent with only a single type of data. This is especially true if the surveys sense different aspects of the subsurface and therefore provide complimentary information. For example, surface gravity measurements can provide good lateral resolution but not depth resolution, and borehole-borehole or surface-borehole seismic data can provide good vertical resolution but not lateral resolution. Seismic methods continue to receive interest for use in mineral exploration due to the much higher resolution potential of seismic data compared to the techniques traditionally used, namely gravity, magnetics, resistivity and electromagnetics. However, the complicated geology often encountered in hard-rock exploration can make data processing and interpretation difficult. Inverting seismic data jointly with a complimentary dataset can help overcome these difficulties and facilitate the construction of a common Earth model. We consider the joint inversion of seismic travel times and gravity data. Over the last several decades there has been a fair amount of study into inversion of seismic and gravity data via joint or cooperative methodologies. However, many questions still remain including how to best link the physical properties involved and what the most appropriate approaches are for specific scenarios. The underlying physical properties, seismic velocity and density, are often closely correlated due to the physical relationship between them. In an exploration context, physical property measurements on rock samples are common and an empirical or statistical relationship can be developed based on that information. When an empirical relationship is available, the joint inverse problem is relatively simple and several authors have demonstrated methods for its solution. There has been less development of joint inversion methods for use when such a relationship is not available or can not be prescribed. In our joint inversion approach, we discretise the subsurface on an unstructured tetrahedral 3D grid, which, compared to rectilinear discretisation, allows 1) efficient generation of complicated subsurface geometries when such information is known a priori, and 2) can significantly reduce the problem size. The Fast Marching Method is used for the first arrival travel time forward solution and the gravity solution can be calculated using an analytic response for tetrahedra or via a finite element solution to Poisson's equation. When an empirical relationship between physical properties can be developed, our inversion approach can enforce that relationship to some degree commensurate with our confidence in the relationship. In the absence of an empirical relationship, we employ a correlation measure to encourage the properties to maintain a general linear or log-linear relationship. Again, the strength of this correlation constraint can be adjusted based on our confidence in the underlying assumption. In a further extension, we apply an additional fuzzy c-mean measure to encourage the recovered physical property distributions to cluster following the characteristics of the joint physical property distributions determined a priori. If such a priori information is not available, suitable cluster locations can be estimated through an iterative strategy. Rather than moving to a computationally intensive statistical sampling methodology, we work in a deterministic framework, where well-behaved functions are minimized via a descent search. After some instructional mathematical preliminaries, we present our methods on synthetic and real data scenarios from the Voisey's Bay massive sulphide deposit in Labrador, Canada
You already posted you don't kown any thing about REE now you want to stick your neck out on stochastic tomography LOL
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1213289P
Look for the name Robert Wheeler....
Consider for a moment that someone has a computer program that they have used at a variety of sites and locations that allow you to confirm the values of the minerals from the borings and infer the values of the whole district by using two borings. One in a location that you expect to find nothing... confirm your thoughts on a OD deposit and one that you can calibrate you computer program with whatever values you find and then you can infer the value of the rest of the district mineral deposits... Boy that would be sweet....What if you knew some one that had such a program or if you used that person as a reference on your resume and you had a joint venture with that firm already... you might feel you are good....
http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-13289.pdf
Maybe we are waiting but some may not since 2010 may the assay are only the final proof...
http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-13289.pdf
This was discribed as a drilling program of two holes from the beginning by geologist working with Vale....
Two bore holes are enough for Vale....
http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-13289.pdf
Let’s say some are geologists, members of a club, that speak the same strange language, that work for the same companies at different times in their careers some work for the same company now, some use others as references on their resumes, they meet at seminars and conventions, the look for the same pot of gold, sharing information and drilling crews, and keeping company secrets, sharing some others, some work at the government and teacher others, many have claims in Newfound and the other surrounds the claim, the other has billions of dollars in profits and can dictate terms of a Non Disclosure Agreement, can enter into a JV to keep others at bay and silent, smart enough to know they need other local exploration companies in the future, large enough to hire people that could crush the others share price and force a takeover, does that mean they are all partners, and share everything…..no does that mean that they are not working together…..maybe maybe not…. But there is a reason the Inco shares went from $.20 to $165 the shares that were left at the end to buy were held tight and those that knew- knew way before the general public….IMO
Robert Wheeler, two bore holes....weee.....good....????
between two boreholes, hence provide
additional information on the nature of the deposit
Maybe two bore holes are enough.....cuts the time frame way down....
3D stochastic inversion of gravity data using cokriging and cosimulation
Geological Survey of Canada, Continental Geoscience Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. E-mail: Pierre.Keating@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca
come back together again They have all worked togehter before....and they all have INCO or VALE ties.... maybe the come together again.....
StocksGoneWild Share Wednesday, September 22, 2010 1:44:13 PM
Re: stervc post# 97313 Post # of 134274
Stervc, Tim Froude was one of P. Geo's that claims that Rusty Ridge has Olympic Dam potential...and he's not the only one. Still searching on the others.
See page 3 of this report...
http://emg.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/11/1-4/125
Tim Froude was the senior VP of Crosshair in 2006. Now he works for RockBridge chasing REE's in Newfoundland. Worked for Conerstone...He also works for Golden Dory Resources Ltd. He's the real deal.
Click the link below Tim Froude's profile. Scroll down and see who the Crosshairs General Manager of exploration was(J. Wayne Pickett, P. Geo)... These guys have been excited about Rusty Ridge's potential for over a decade now and have seem to come back together again to finally drill it...drilling Rusty Ridge will be an historical moment for all of us imo
Timothy Froude, P.Geo., Senior VP Exploration: Extensive experience in Newfoundland geology and mineral deposits; instrumental in building property portfolio at Cornerstone Resources; previous successes include discovery of Valentine Lake gold prospect for BP and involvement in discovery of Bobby Pond's VMS deposit for Inco.
Timothy Froude graduated from the Memorial University of Newfoundland in May 1988 with a Bachelor of Science (Geology) degree. Mr. Froude is past Executive Director of the Newfoundland and Labrador Chamber of Mineral Resources, where he remains a director. He is a member of the Associate Fellow Geological Association of Canada (GAC) and the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Newfoundland (APEGN).
http://www.callcenterme.com/email-hosting/acamar/36/newsletter.html
You can see his picture on page 2 of this link. He is also the Chair of the chamber of mineral resorces for Newfoundland and Labrador.
Vale Inco now just 'Vale' |Has happen before can it happen again.....
By: Liezel Hill
27th May 2010
TEXT SIZE TORONTO (miningweekly.com) – Nickel-miner Vale Inco will trim its name down to just Vale, the Brazilian-owned group said on Thursday.
Rio de Janeiro-based Vale, the world's second-largest mining company, bought Canadian nickel-miner Inco in late 2006
http://www.katexploration.com/news/Geologist_Resume.pdf
R. James Weick M.Sc. (Earth Science), P.Geo.
Previous
Voisey’s Bay Nickel Company, St. John’s, Newfoundland (2002): core logging, drilling supervision during bulk sampling of Ovoid /
Mini-Ovoid orebodies, Voisey’s Bay Ni-Cu-Co orebody, Labrador.
http://www.vbnc.com/SocialResponsibility2006/message/index.htm
During 2006, VBNC was acquired by Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), one of the largest mining companies in the world. I have visited the company’s headquarters in Brazil, met some of their key people, and am pleased to relate that safety and environmental responsibility are also top priorities for them. If anything, our focus on these critical areas will intensify in the months and years ahead!
Vale gets $1bn loan from Canada's EDC
They made billions and get a billion in loans.....from the government... someone helping someone....
That was my feeling as well...
I feel like the last few weeks was just building a case...
Maybe it all part of a plan to have everyone waiting on the news so that it takes off like Inco. No one knows...or at least no is telling....Maybe some one is lining up mining equipment housing and anything else that they know will take off with any sort of a REE annoucement.... Maybe the have other claims in the same formations that they are lining up so others do not get a chance to horn in...
There are so many examples of large scale top secret plans... my favorite is Disney in Florida.... very few knew until the annoucement was made...Gumpy is also one of many favorite dwarfs...Tinkerbell always gives us hope....
Tax money coming in, will effect the stock just like year end selling. IMO
You do not need to pump the stock it will take care of itself. The same information that had this stock at .20 last year will be repackaged and redone with the advances for this year with the new positive steps forward it will go up. The REE are just gravy the rest of the ore body will make Rusty Ridge.... that's the way the OD type deposits work....
Why to many good dirt people involved and Vale has the place surrounded......
I can't wait for the news to start coming our way....even bad news will get this stock trading above 3 cents..... buy a gold stock for 3 cents.... with copper.... with REE....
Right but when you know the world will know and it will not be trading under 3 cent pps....so if you want to know things for certain maybe you should go find a blue chip stock....
I agree do your DD and see how many players shared a common employer.... when the new does come out it will be huge... on many fronts... IMO
Vale Inco Katx alot of common links.....
http://current.com/news/92654539_does-a-very-rare-and-valuable-iocg-property-exist-in-newfoundland-similar-to-the-olympic-dam-in-australia.htm
Ken Stead president of Kat Exploration seems to think so and so does his team of specialized geologists. http://katexploration.com/. A completed 3D inversion modeling of the airborne magnetic data shows a discreet, strong magnetic anomaly underlying the Rusty Ridge area. A 3D inversion model of the ground gravity survey identified a large gravity anomaly and several other smaller anomalies further supporting the potential for an IOCG deposit. Selected coincident gravity, magnetic and IP anomalies, including the large gravity anomaly, will now be drill tested to determine the significance of these targets.
Ken Stead, President/CEO of KAT Exploration (KATX) stated, "That although the targets to be drilled are deep targets, what is most exciting and of interest is that the anomalies are also 400-500 meters thick. If these targets prove to be thick mineralized units similar to that of the Olympic Dam (http://bhpbilliton.com/bb/ourBusinesses/baseMetals/olympicDam.jsp), it will be the first for the province and will no doubt generate a tremendous positive impact for the company."
Ken Stead has announced a deep drilling program to begin on this property in the coming weeks. If an IOCG deposit (iron, ore, copper and gold plus REE’s, rare earth elements) are discovered on the property, this will no doubt give this small company and quiet property international attention. When Inco started to drill the Voisey Bay deposit, that stock rocketed from .20 cents to $165.
KATX is currently trading at .09 per share. If an IOCG is detected only one tenth the size of the Olympic Dam in Australia, there will be many overnight millionaires made who were lucky enough to find this “gem.”
There seem to be alot of connections to Inco (Vale) Brazil consultants that are about a year old... wonder if any show up in the up coming news.....
KAT Exploration has secured Private Independent Consultants for 5 years that will rapidly provide an array of major mining support and other ventures to be announced later that will significantly enhance shareholder value. The Private Independent Consultants possess a wealth of experience in the business arena throughout the world and will bring an entire new level of professionalism and key relationships to KAT Exploration as it moves forward.
We feel it to be in the best interest of our shareholders for KAT to seek a dual listing on a major exchange. Along with a US listing, we will now proceed to meet the requirements of gaining a listing on one of the largest Asian Stock Market Exchanges, later to be named. This too is being organized by our Private Independent Consultants.
Tim Froude's profile. Scroll down and see who the Crosshairs General Manager of exploration was(J. Wayne Pickett, P. Geo)... These guys have been excited about Rusty Ridge's potential for over a decade now and have seem to come back together again to finally drill it...drilling Rusty Ridge will be an historical moment for all of us
Timothy Froude, P.Geo., Senior VP Exploration: Extensive experience in Newfoundland geology and mineral deposits; instrumental in building property portfolio at Cornerstone Resources; previous successes include discovery of Valentine Lake gold prospect for BP and involvement in discovery of Bobby Pond's VMS deposit for Inco.
Katx post one year ago....
B402 Share Friday, February 11, 2011 11:00:07 AM
Re: ShortonCash post# 131697 Post # of 132480
Nice Short..
1.1 TREO Keeps them in the running well..
67% HREO is a really good sign
Remember HREO is very important
IOCG Deposits – The alkaline granite association, in combination with anomalous Rare Earth Elements (REE), uranium and thorium (plus the presence of hematitic iron alteration) suggest possible Iron Oxide Copper Gold (IOCG) deposits in association with the Hare Hill Granite Complex at Lost Pond.
http://www.ucoreraremetals.com/lostpond.asp
Iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits formed along extensional and collisional cratonic margins, both modern and ancient, both incipient and mature, which promoted partial melting of deep continental crust to uppermost mantle rocks and production of magmas of a wide range of compositions. They are most abundant in Proterozoic terrains, although Phanerozoic and Archean examples are present. IOCG deposits occur in felsic to intermediate volcano-plutonic terrains, but in some cases there is a spatial, if not direct genetic relationship to mafic and ultramafic magmas as is the case with Olympic Dam and carbonatite-associated Fe-phosphate-REE deposits (e.g. Bayan Obo. They are often associated with the root zones of volcanic centers, and some IOCG deposits have many similarities to Fe-rich porphyry copper systems. Also, there is a continuum of IOCG deposits types and forms ranging from deeper-seated replacement and breccia styles to iron-oxide rich epithermal type deposits. They formed along and at the intersections of major crustal lineaments, and often display strong structural control over their morphology and ore textures. The wide range of geotectonic settings and associated magma compositions generate an equally complex range of deposit sub-types. Different investigators have placed a range of deposit sub-types within the IOCG class including:
1. Felsic to intermediate breccia hosted deposits (Olympic Dam).http://gac.esd.mun.ca/nl/abstracts06.htm
New name to add to the list at the bottom...KATX
Avalon and Crosshairs hit deposits.... so what does that say about the odd...LMAO....
Their distinguishing characteristic is large concentrations of low-titanium, iron oxide minerals, mainly magnetite and hematite, as opposed to iron sulphides typical of porphyry copper-gold systems. The large amount of iron oxides can impart IOCG deposits with high magnetic and gravity signatures, making geophysical surveys an important facet of exploration.
The high levels of iron oxides have led some researchers to speculate that IOCG systems and ‘Kiruna-type’ magnetite-apatite deposits are end-members of continuum, though the former are geologically more diverse. Unfortunately, outside of the abundance of copper and gold (and uranium in some IOCG deposits), there is no set of geologic features that distinguishes one deposit from the other. Whether this reflects a fundamental difference in these systems remains to be seen.
Potassium feldspar, albite, sericite, biotite and chlorite, along with copper sulphides and pyrite, are generally present. Bulk rock analyses show varying enrichment in gold, silver, cobalt, bismuth, barium, fluorine, phosphorus, rare earth elements, uranium and thorium.
Economic mineralization consists of copper sulphides (chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcoite) scattered throughout iron oxides; hematite at shallow depths, magnetite at deeper levels. Ores may be localized along both high- and low-angle faults that may be traced back to major crustal-scale structures. Brecciated rocks are common.
Host rocks occur within hydrothermal alteration envelopes that can range from tens to hundreds of square kilometers in size. The exact alteration mineralogy depends on the host rocks and depth of formation, but there is a general trend from sodic alteration at deep levels to potassic alteration at more shallow levels. Both sericitic alteration and silicification are present at very shallow levels, though these zones are usually only a few kilometers in extent. Iron metasomatism may be locally pervasive.
Tectonic Setting
IOCG deposits are located in areas that are thought to represent intra-cratonic or continental margin environments. In many cases there is a definite spatial and temporal association with extensional tectonics, such as intra-continental orogenic collapse and extension along a subduction-related continental margin.
All of these environments were subjected igneous activity, high heat flow and contained rocks that could be the ultimate source of the metals (e.g., subaerial basalts, granitic magmas and evaporites)
Fluid source
IOCG systems require saline-rich, sulfide-poor, relatively oxidized fluids to account for the abundant iron oxides and sparse sulfides. But the data is unclear on the source(s) of these fluids and their metals, and the processes responsible for depositing the valuable minerals.
One candidate is magmatic fluid. Various IOCG deposits are found near anorogenic granites; granites produced far from orogenic, or mountain-building, zones, generally in an intra-cratonic environment. Such granites are enriched in the various elements found in IOCG deposits. It is peculated that fluids released from a granite intrusion would preferentially soak up, or partition, these elements and rise through the crust. As they neared the surface, the drop in temperature and pressure would cause the fluids to release these metals into the surrounding rocks.
Though such a model is plausible, it cannot explain the origin of IOCG deposits that are not located near anorogenic granite intrusions. Igneous activity resulting from underplating could create magmatic fluids, but they would have to travel from great depths. Another problem is why some anorogenic granites are associated with IOCG deposits, whereas others lack the signs of economic mineralization.
Another possibility are non-magmatic fluids such as a saline-rich brine stored in an overlying basin that was subsequently forced into a hydrothermal cell either by heat from igneous activity and/or tectonic compression and associated metamorphism.
Some researchers have suggested that such a brine could be partly derived from evaporites rich in various metals, yet the lack of reported evaporitic sequences in several major IOCG districts, including the Great Bear Magmatic Zone in the Northwest Territories, rules out this rock type as the sole source.
Various models invoking structural and stratigraphic traps, mixing, specialized host rocks and/or boiling have been used to explain how non-magmatic fluids could have created IOCG deposits. A persistent problem encountered in these models is finding a large enough fluid source to account for the huge alteration volumes found in IOCG districts.
Whatever the source, it is generally believed that the various zones found in an IOCG deposit, including the alteration envelopes, occurred intermittently over tens of millions of years.
Juniors
Numerous junior miners are exploring potential IOCG deposits. The following is a random selection of just a few of the smaller firms on the hunt for these potential treasure troves:
Alberta Star Development Corp [TSX-V: ASX)
Avalon Ventures [TSX-V: AVL]
Beowulf Mining [AIM: BEM]
Cardero Resource Corp. [TSX-V: CDU]
Crosshair Exploration & Mining [TSX-V: CXX]
Far West Mining [TSX-V: FWM]
Fortune Minerals [TSX: FT]
Fronteer Development Group [TSX-V: FRG]
Latitude Resources [OFEX: LAT]
Pathfinder Resources [TSX-V: PHR]
Trio Gold Corp. [TSX-V: TGK]
TORONTO (ResourceInvestor.com) -- The bull market in metals over the past few years has resulted in the exploration and promotion of the usual suspects among the juniors: porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits.
Yet a difference in this cycle over previous ones is the focus on a relatively new type of deposit – the iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposit. Such systems have the potential for hosting copper, uranium and gold, as well as numerous other lesser-known metals.
Although geologists were aware of such deposits in the past, they received very little serious attention up until the last 15 years or so, following the discovery, and more importantly the appreciation of, the Olympic Dam deposit in southern Australia.
The mine, owned and operated by WMC, a subsidiary of BHP Billiton, [NYSE: BHP], is a true giant.
As of March 31, 2005, reserves stood at 650 million tonnes grading 1.5% copper, 0.5 kilogram per tonne (kg/t) U3O8, 0.5 gram per tonne (g/t) gold and 2.4 g/t silver. Resources were pegged at 3,980 million tonnes grading 1.1% copper, 0.4 kg/tonne U3O8, 0.5 g/t gold and 2.4 g/t silver. Production in 2004 totalled 8.886 million tonnes of ore from which 224,731 tonnes of copper and 4,404 tonnes of U3O8 were recovered.
It is a testament to geological cunning that the deposit was even discovered in 1975, considering it is blanketed by over 300 meters of sedimentary cover.
The complex itself consists of a hematite-quartz breccia flanked by zones of intermingled hematite-rich breccias and granitic breccias approximately 1 kilometer wide and up to 5 kilometers in length. Breccia is a rock in which angular fragments are surrounded by a mass of fine-grained minerals. Virtually all of the mineralization is hosted in the hematite-rich breccias
Despite the amount of studies carried out at Olympic Dam, and the discovery of other IOCG deposits, notably Phelps Dodge’s [NYSE: PD] Candelaria mine in Chile, only now is a comprehensive geological model beginning to be developed.
IOCG Geology
IOCG deposits are found throughout the globe, from the late Archean to the early Tertiary, though the majority are early to mid-Proterozoic (2.55 to 1.5 billion years old) in age. They occur as pods, veins and stockworks in various host rocks, extending both horizontally and vertically for kilometres with widths of metres to hundreds of metres.
Their distinguishing characteristic is large concentrations of low-titanium, iron oxide minerals, mainly magnetite and hematite, as opposed to iron sulphides typical of porphyry copper-gold systems. The large amount of iron oxides can impart IOCG deposits with high magnetic and gravity signatures, making geophysical surveys an important facet of exploration.
The high levels of iron oxides have led some researchers to speculate that IOCG systems and ‘Kiruna-type’ magnetite-apatite deposits are end-members of continuum, though the former are geologically more diverse. Unfortunately, outside of the abundance of copper and gold (and uranium in some IOCG deposits), there is no set of geologic features that distinguishes one deposit from the other. Whether this reflects a fundamental difference in these systems remains to be seen.
Potassium feldspar, albite, sericite, biotite and chlorite, along with copper sulphides and pyrite, are generally present. Bulk rock analyses show varying enrichment in gold, silver, cobalt, bismuth, barium, fluorine, phosphorus, rare earth elements, uranium and thorium.
Economic mineralization consists of copper sulphides (chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcoite) scattered throughout iron oxides; hematite at shallow depths, magnetite at deeper levels. Ores may be localized along both high- and low-angle faults that may be traced back to major crustal-scale structures. Brecciated rocks are common.
Host rocks occur within hydrothermal alteration envelopes that can range from tens to hundreds of square kilometers in size. The exact alteration mineralogy depends on the host rocks and depth of formation, but there is a general trend from sodic alteration at deep levels to potassic alteration at more shallow levels. Both sericitic alteration and silicification are present at very shallow levels, though these zones are usually only a few kilometers in extent. Iron metasomatism may be locally pervasive.
Tectonic Setting
IOCG deposits are located in areas that are thought to represent intra-cratonic or continental margin environments. In many cases there is a definite spatial and temporal association with extensional tectonics, such as intra-continental orogenic collapse and extension along a subduction-related continental margin.
All of these environments were subjected igneous activity, high heat flow and contained rocks that could be the ultimate source of the metals (e.g., subaerial basalts, granitic magmas and evaporites)
Fluid source
IOCG systems require saline-rich, sulfide-poor, relatively oxidized fluids to account for the abundant iron oxides and sparse sulfides. But the data is unclear on the source(s) of these fluids and their metals, and the processes responsible for depositing the valuable minerals.
One candidate is magmatic fluid. Various IOCG deposits are found near anorogenic granites; granites produced far from orogenic, or mountain-building, zones, generally in an intra-cratonic environment. Such granites are enriched in the various elements found in IOCG deposits. It is peculated that fluids released from a granite intrusion would preferentially soak up, or partition, these elements and rise through the crust. As they neared the surface, the drop in temperature and pressure would cause the fluids to release these metals into the surrounding rocks.
Though such a model is plausible, it cannot explain the origin of IOCG deposits that are not located near anorogenic granite intrusions. Igneous activity resulting from underplating could create magmatic fluids, but they would have to travel from great depths. Another problem is why some anorogenic granites are associated with IOCG deposits, whereas others lack the signs of economic mineralization.
Another possibility are non-magmatic fluids such as a saline-rich brine stored in an overlying basin that was subsequently forced into a hydrothermal cell either by heat from igneous activity and/or tectonic compression and associated metamorphism.
Some researchers have suggested that such a brine could be partly derived from evaporites rich in various metals, yet the lack of reported evaporitic sequences in several major IOCG districts, including the Great Bear Magmatic Zone in the Northwest Territories, rules out this rock type as the sole source.
Various models invoking structural and stratigraphic traps, mixing, specialized host rocks and/or boiling have been used to explain how non-magmatic fluids could have created IOCG deposits. A persistent problem encountered in these models is finding a large enough fluid source to account for the huge alteration volumes found in IOCG districts.
Whatever the source, it is generally believed that the various zones found in an IOCG deposit, including the alteration envelopes, occurred intermittently over tens of millions of years.
Juniors
Numerous junior miners are exploring potential IOCG deposits. The following is a random selection of just a few of the smaller firms on the hunt for these potential treasure troves:
Alberta Star Development Corp [TSX-V: ASX)
Avalon Ventures [TSX-V: AVL]
Beowulf Mining [AIM: BEM]
Cardero Resource Corp. [TSX-V: CDU]
Crosshair Exploration & Mining [TSX-V: CXX]
Far West Mining [TSX-V: FWM]
Fortune Minerals [TSX: FT]
Fronteer Development Group [TSX-V: FRG]
Latitude Resources [OFEX: LAT]
Pathfinder Resources [TSX-V: PHR]
Trio Gold Corp. [TSX-V: TGK]
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Could be it was a Christmas present after all....
Same metals, similar host rocks, similar age, similar geological setting and similar alteration. And with any luck, similar potential for the discovery of similar large and economic mineral deposits.
Once convinced of the nature of the up-to-now unknown IOCG belt in Baja, Jim Dawson and his partner did a lot of preliminary leg work and began tying up major land positions in the belt. After trying to attract the interest of a number of junior mining companies in the project and being rejected
http://www.321gold.com/editorials/moriarty/moriarty030304.html
Don't worry just take Tinkerbell's hand you can fly...
Take your Pick, Short....No FE has been found to date
geo_newfie Share Monday, January 03, 2011 12:25:04 PM
Re: relikwie post# 121866 Post # of 131716
Relikwie,
I may have to start charging a consulting fee... ;^)
A mafic dyke already has a lot of Fe, which is part of the definition of mafic: Mg and Fe.
Some mafic igneous rocks have a natural low magnetic field due to the amount of Fe in them... in fact ultramafic rocks are extremely hard to get structural information from because the compass needle goes crazy when you are standing on one.
Newfies take on hematite and RR
Quote:
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You realize that you probably need > 60% Fe to make it profitable and a strongly hematite altered conglomerate is not going to do it. No mention of Fe assays, photo-documentation, etc. So I have strong doubts on whether there are economical concentrations of Fe to be considered "iron ore".
Don't meant to be som negative, but we already discussed this in the past. Pending assay results from Hole #2 are what we are hedging our bets on wrt RR. However, I hope that I am wrong and they have an ace up their sleeve on Hole #1.
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Newfie never said there was not FE just not enough for a FE ore body mine only
Worth re-reading
1.1% total rare-earth oxides with heavy REE representing up to 67% of the total rare-earth-oxide component seems to be good enough for Rare Element Resources betting on Rare Earth Element plus gold potential within altered peralkaline felsic volcanic rocks same as Rusty Ridge
http://www.resourceinvestor.com/News/2010/1/Pages/Rare-Element-acquires-Nuiklavik-Rare-Earth-Project-in-Labrador-Canada.aspx