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Nano of way ahead of me...
Fantastic. Bravo.
urock10x
nano of vaccines...
So have you email'd Udo Schuklenk about our little company yet?
wehavetheanswer10x
Dr Folgersgood...
I don't need coffee in the morning to open my eyes. I simply need to read your posts about our potential future SP and I'm instantly wide-eyed and giddy. Wow. Sheesh.
thanksforallyourhardwork10x
Game Changer...
“We believe these are dramatic results,” said Eugene Seymour, MD, MPH, CEO of the Company, adding that “if these results can be duplicated in humans, triple combo therapy with its toxic side effects may well be replaced in the near future with a much safer single HivCide-I ™ nanoviricide therapy.”
...toinfinitiandbeyond10x
PR: NanoViricides Anti-HIV Lead Drug Candidate Demonstrated Substantial Improvement in Survival Time in Animal Model
Monday June 16, 7:00 am ET
Results Better Than Combination Therapy in Double-Blind Animal Study
WEST HAVEN, Conn.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--NanoViricides, Inc. (OTC BB: NNVC.OB), (the “Company”) said that its lead anti-HIV drug candidate demonstrated markedly superior survival results in the test animals when compared to those animals given the anti-HIV “combo cocktail” in a double-blind animal study. The three-drug combo “cocktail” used for comparison is one of the most frequently used triple combination therapies in humans.
ADVERTISEMENT
The Company reported that the best nanoviricide anti-HIV drug candidate improved total hours of survival time by 99% with respect to appropriate controls. In contrast, the combo therapy improved survival hours by only 52%. Furthermore, AZT, the first drug used in humans to treat HIV/AIDS, failed to show any survival improvement, as was expected, in this lethality-based animal model study.
The Company also reported that the average body weight loss, a measure of the degree of illness in the experimental subjects, was only 11.4% after treatment with this nanoviricide drug candidate, as compared to 12.9% in those treated with the combo cocktail, and to 23% average body weight loss seen in the untreated control mice.
“We believe these are dramatic results,” said Eugene Seymour, MD, MPH, CEO of the Company, adding that “if these results can be duplicated in humans, triple combo therapy with its toxic side effects may well be replaced in the near future with a much safer single HivCide-I ™ nanoviricide therapy.”
“Another advantage of the HivCide-I nanoviricide is that the treatment can be combined with other existing drug regimens for substantial added benefits,” said Anil R. Diwan, PhD, President of the Company and inventor of the technology, explaining further that “strong improvements should be possible when a nanoviricide is combined with conventional regimen because nanoviricides are designed to act by a novel and completely different mechanism from existing anti-retroviral drugs.”
“As for vaccines [against HIV], it was difficult to predict when they would be developed, but it could be some 10 years from the present time,” remarked Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, at the United Nations General Assembly High Level HIV/AIDS Meeting held on June 10 (http://www0.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2008/080610_AIDS.doc.htm). Several high level officials have stressed the need for development of better drugs against HIV. Jean-Francois Delfraissy, Director of France's National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, said that research "must continue to develop new therapeutic strategies," in Senegal on May 27, according to xinhuanet (http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/109257.php).
AZT is a well known anti-retroviral nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). The combo cocktail employed as a positive control in this study consisted of AZT, 3TC (another NRTI), and Crixivan® (Merck, a Protease Inhibitor), administered orally. All other drugs were administered as injections. Treatment was started 24 hrs after the mice were infected with high (1200 LD50) levels of mouse-adapted HIV-I virus particles. Treatment was repeated twice more at 48 hr intervals.
The studies were performed at a Bio-Safety Level 3 Laboratory (BSL-3) facility in Boston, MA. These mouse model studies were conducted by Dr. Krishna Menon, PhD, VMD, MRCS, a world-renowned authority in preclinical and toxicological studies of innovative therapeutics. The Company plans to report additional results from this study as they become available over the next several weeks. The Company is now designing additional studies with the objective of filing an investigational new drug application (IND) to the FDA in the future.
saaaweet!10x
http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/080616/20080616005503.html?.v=1
Dr. F of Omniscience...
Somehow you managed to put into a few sentences why you are my hero. Seriously. You rock brother.
OMNISCIENCE: Definition: [n] having infinite knowledge. See Also: God's Wisdom, state.
Appropriate.
DrFeelgoodFan10x
Westie...
I find it utterly hilarious how Shorts (disclaimer: no one in particular, this is a general statement - hahaha!) will post and post and post and post about how sucky this stock or that stock is. It's so sucky that they will outpost most everyone on the board once they take a short position. hahaha! Isn't that illegal? I seem to remember hearing about a few folks getting into mucho hot water with the FTC by posting bogus crap on stock boards for personal gain.
astransparentascellophane10x
5 easy...
There are only 2 sites that I know of where you might receive a 'heads up' about a growing pandemic. These sites are WAY ahead of mainstream media and miles apart from carefully worded and timed government press releases about H5N1:
http://www.recombinomics.com/whats_new.html
&
http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/
Dr. Niman at Recombinomics (he also posts at flutrackers) has his ear to the ground in all of the hot zone countries. He posts some of the most amazing finds. Just know that some of Dr. Niman's theories are cutting edge and he questions the mainstream dogma of viral evolution/drift. Niman's questioning (how dare he!) of 'accepted' virology evolution has brought criticism. But IMHO, just like NNVC, he's onto something big. Check it out.
amateurVirologist10x
DB...
Bet you're right. That has been a recurring theme on Fridays. Shake the price down before news.
shouldbeillegal10x
Fatal H5N1 Cluster In Jakarta Grows to H2H2H
Recombinomics Commentary 22:38
May 14, 2008
"Alamsyah(24), the older brother Istigomah (casualties who died because of suspect bird flu) took part in being treated in RS Persahabatan, Jakarat Timur. Alamsyah was run off with on Tuesday May 13 2008 yesterday, because of suffering the sign of bird flu"
The above translation describes the hospitalization of a third sibling in Jakarta. Two siblings have already died with bird flu symptoms. No sample was collected from the index case, but the second brother was H5N1 confirmed. The hospitalization of the third brothers along with disease onset dates suggests H2H2H transmission, which is among the longest transmission chains reported to date.
http://www.recombinomics.com/News/05140806/H5N1_Jakarta_Cluster_H2H2H.html
http://www.recombinomics.com/whats_new.html
DrNimanfan10x
nano...
You an Engineerd too? I knew I liked you for some good reason. hehaho.
geek10x
nano...
A brilliant gargantuan juggernaut of a response. Bravo!
thisoneissoontodouble10x
ECHO20...
It's been a long time since I've looked forward to a Monday... Today's action would make one think that something is afoot and is leaking out. The good Doctor is correct that there is normally some level of retracement after 5 or 6 up days. And especially so when that retracement days coincides with a Friday. Minor retracement and consolidation is healthy for all stocks. As much as we would like, NO stock EVER goes straight up.
finallyonourwaytodoubling10x
5 easy...
Truth is sweet to the ears. You know it when you read it or hear it. Lies and exaggeration... well, you know how that sounds or reads. Truth always becomes self evident.
philosopher10x
adbrdl1 of weird buying...
Chances are VERY good that they have access to information that the average investor does not. Their strategy looks brilliant, really. When H5N1 goes pandemic, the share prices for companies like GSK will rocket.
nostradumas10x
cabel of rocking the cradle...
A stunning article. I find amazing the world does not cry out about how China is directly or indirectly responsible for the tens of thousands of annual global deaths related to influenza. MANY more thousands die from the seasonal influenza than from SARS and yet there was a HUGE stink made about eating infected civet cats (mmm... taste like chicken, I'm sure) that was at the root of SARS. So, not surprisingly, it is also China's horrid animal husbandry practices that are the Petri dish for influenza and the eventual H5N1 plague. But, hey, at least I can still buy cheap crap at Walmart.
notaWallyWorldfan10x
Clever nano...hehahoeom10x
Dr of 20x MC...
You know, I would have been happy with a 10x MC. hehaho.
Your thorough well thought out postings here never cease to amaze me. This place would NOT be the same without you. You rock bruddah.
hugeDrFeelgoodfan10x
ninwii...
IMHO, the main reason we have not had a chance to experience H5N1 here in the US yet is because of the current level of H5N1 virulence. H5N1 is such an effective killer that infected humans and animals die before they can make it here. Even the typically unaffected, asymptomatic bar headed geese are killed by H5N1. That is very unusual. So it is our geographic isolation from hot zone countries that protects us. As soon as the H5N1 virus looses "some" of it's virulence and is more readily transmitted between humans, humans and/or birds will being it here. Count on it. It's only a matter of when, not if.
hobbyvirologist10x
Mammalian PB2 in Israel H5N1 Increases Pandemic Concerns
Recombinomics Commentary 12:33
April 15, 2008
Full H5N1 sequences from a 2008 isolate from Israel, A/chicken/Israel/1055/2008, have been released. The HA sequence is closely related to sequences from vaccinated flocks in Egypt. The Egyptian isolates were collected between mid-December, 2007, and mid-January, 2008, which is the same timeframe as the Israeli isolate. The HA sequences contained a large number of non synonymous polymorphisms, including M230V.
However, the PB2 sequence also has a number of recent acquisitions, which include mammalian polymorphisms. One set of three consecutive polymorphisms are found in H1N1 isolates, including the 1918 pandemic strain (see list here).
The acquisition of mammalian polymorphisms is cause for concern. Earlier (2006) isolates from Egypt and Israel had a series of PB2 mammalian polymorphisms, which were regionally localized. However, the 2008 isolate has additional acquisitions, including the three linked above.
Like most clade 2.2 isolate, the Israeli isolate also has E627K, a polymorphism found in H1N1 and H3N2 seasonal isolates, including the 1918 pandemic strain. The fixing of E627K has been noted previously as has the associated increase in activity at lower temperatures, which are close to the temperature of a human nose and throat in the winter,
The series of three polymorphisms linked above a clearly acquired via recombination. Other sequences with that series are distinct from PB2 in clade 2.2 and the Israeli sequence has the Egypt/Israel regional markers that are present in 2006. Thus, the new acquisitions are appended onto an Egyptian clade 2.2 genetic background. The likelihood of the acquisitions by selection of random mutations is remote. However, acquisitions via homologous recombination increase as regions of identity increase due to prior mammalian acquisitions, which are in 2006 isolates.
The presence of a mammalian PB2 in a highly pathogenic H5N1 with a rapidly evolving H5 significantly increases pandemic concerns.
http://www.recombinomics.com/News/04150801/H5N1_Israel_PB2.html
http://www.recombinomics.com/whats_new.html
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Amazing the way that this virus continues to recombine and evolve. To me, it almost appears to be intelligently acquiring the genetics that it 'needs' to achieve it's goal.
yikes10x
OT: Dr. of Oil Company Conspiracies...
I smell a bet. March 2018. Drinks on U. Drinks on me. We see. Hopefully we rich(er) by then... hot... cold.... no matter.
rarelyright10x
OT... cabel of Global Warming...
Don't believe the hype. Earth may not warm up too much soon. Examine all facts. Then YOU decide if media spoon feeding global warming dogma is balanced. No, it not. Mark my words: In 10 years the world will laugh that Al Bore was given the Nobel Prize for preaching bent and biased facts. There may be climate change going on. Some places warmed. Some colder. We passenger on this ride. The Sun's rising and falling solar radiation output is root cause of ALL climate change. Read. Think. See.
http://www.dailytech.com/Temperature+Monitors+Report+Worldwide+Global+Cooling/article10866.htm
..."Over the past year, anecdotal evidence for a cooling planet has exploded. China has its coldest winter in 100 years. Baghdad sees its first snow in all recorded history. North America has the most snowcover in 50 years, with places like Wisconsin the highest since record-keeping began. Record levels of Antarctic sea ice, record cold in Minnesota, Texas, Florida, Mexico, Australia, Iran, Greece, South Africa, Greenland, Argentina, Chile -- the list goes on and on. No more than anecdotal evidence, to be sure. But now, that evidence has been supplanted by hard scientific fact. All four major global temperature tracking outlets (Hadley, NASA's GISS, UAH, RSS) have released updated data. All show that over the past year, global temperatures have dropped precipitously."...
http://ibdeditorial.com/IBDArticles.aspx?id=287279412587175
..."Solar scientists predict that, by 2020, the sun will be starting into its weakest Schwabe cycle of the past two centuries, likely leading to unusually cool conditions on Earth. ...Solar activity has overpowered any effect that CO2 has had before, and it most likely will again," Patterson says. "If we were to have even a medium-sized solar minimum, we could be looking at a lot more bad effects than 'global warming' would have had." In 2005, Russian astronomer Khabibullo Abdusamatov made some waves — and not a few enemies in the global warming "community" — by predicting that the sun would reach a peak of activity about three years from now, to be accompanied by "dramatic changes" in temperatures."...
http://www.nationalpost.com/opinion/columnists/story.html?id=332289
..."China is surviving its most brutal winter in a century. Temperatures in the normally balmy south were so low for so long that some middle-sized cities went days and even weeks without electricity because once power lines had toppled it was too cold or too icy to repair them. There have been so many snow and ice storms in Ontario and Quebec in the past two months that the real estate market has felt the pinch as home buyers have stayed home rather than venturing out looking for new houses. In just the first two weeks of February, Toronto received 70 cm of snow, smashing the record of 66.6 cm for the entire month set back in the pre-SUV, pre-Kyoto, pre-carbon footprint days of 1950. And remember the Arctic Sea ice? The ice we were told so hysterically last fall had melted to its "lowest levels on record? Never mind that those records only date back as far as 1972 and that there is anthropological and geological evidence of much greater melts in the past. The ice is back. Gilles Langis, a senior forecaster with the Canadian Ice Service in Ottawa, says the Arctic winter has been so severe the ice has not only recovered, it is actually 10 to 20 cm thicker in many places than at this time last year. OK, so one winter does not a climate make. It would be premature to claim an Ice Age is looming just because we have had one of our most brutal winters in decades. But if environmentalists and environment reporters can run around shrieking about the manmade destruction of the natural order every time a robin shows up on Georgian Bay two weeks early, then it is at least fair game to use this winter's weather stories to wonder whether the alarmist are being a tad premature. And it's not just anecdotal evidence that is piling up against the climate-change dogma."...
scientist10x
Trendy of Awesome PR's...
If the animal study results to be announced in May are successful, I can't imagine the share price pop. Wowee-wow!
fantabulousPR10x
H5N1 Evolution Outpaces Pandemic Vaccine Selection
"H5N1 obviously knows how to evolve more rapidly than the WHO vaccine selection committee."
haha... that Niman, he funny guy. But Dr. Niman also indirectly proves why NNVC will come to world's rescue. We can hit moving target viruses. Vaccines cannot.
Nimanfan10x
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
H5N1 Evolution Outpaces Pandemic Vaccine Selection
Recombinomics Commentary 03:58
March 4, 2008
WHO has published its latest update on “Antigenic and genetic characteristics of H5N1 virus and candidate vaccine viruses developed for potential use as human vaccines." Although it is dated February, 2008, it is already clearly out of date. H5N1 is rapidly evolving as evidenced by 8 vaccine targets already approved (in red in the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 on page 5), the four targets developed and waiting approval (in blue) and the three selected for development (in green). The tree in this year's report is more complex than the tree from a year and a half ago.
However, in the rapidly evolving clade 2.2 which was been reported in approximately 50 countries west of China, the selections are significantly lagging H5N1 evolution. The approved isolates are from 2005 and include one of the original Qinghai isolates from China in the spring of 2005, an isolate from Mongolia in the summer of 2005, and an isolate from Turkey in the fall of 2005. These three were followed by an isolate from India in the winter of 2006, which is awaiting approval. Although Europe reported little activity in late 2006, early 2007, clade 2.2 was rapidly evolving in Egypt as well as at Uvs Lake in Mongolia in the summer of 2006.
These new and improved versions of H5N1 were easily seen a year ago at the beginning of 2007. The Uvs Lake version appeared in Kuwait in February 2007. Although it was clade 2.2.3, like the Indian isolate, it had evolved markedly, as represented on the tree by isolates from Kuwait and Krasnodar. This evolved version of clade 2.2.3 has now spread throughout Europe, as seen in the recently released sequences from the Czech Republic, Germany, Romania, Saudi Arabia, and Ukraine (as well as reported but unpublished isolates from England, Poland and northeastern Germany). All of these have significantly evolved away from the Indian isolate awaiting approval.
Similarly, the evolution in Egypt has been extensive. Consequently, the tree has five 2007 isolates from Egypt, representing three major branches. One of these five has been selected for vaccine development. The selected isolate is from a mild case in Aswan that had the Mongolian cleavage site. However, the diversity in Egypt a year ago is under-represented on the tree. There are no isolates representing the Gharbiya cluster, which has two receptor binding domain changes, including M230I, which was only detected in fatal cases. Similarly, other sequences from a year ago, including otehr Gharbiya sequences are also not represented in the published tree.
Thus, the current report has not kept pace with samples collected a year ago. The recent samples from Egypt are significantly more evolved than the sequences represented in the published tree or the early 2007 sequences not represented.
The evolution of H5N1 in India and Bangladesh is not public, and may represent significant additional heterogeneity.
The phylogenetic tree in the latest report is clearly dated, and the vaccine targets are lagging further because of production and approval issues.
H5N1 obviously knows how to evolve more rapidly than the WHO vaccine selection committee.
http://www.recombinomics.com/News/03040801/H5N1_Vaccine_2008.html
OT: Doc of Amazing Vision...
It was 8 degrees F here this morning, so wearing shorts outside to shovel the snow was a bad idea. Even though I love shorts, wearing them in the Michigan winters makes you really short in places we can't talk about. Although, shorts and 'that place' are pretty close to the same thing.
clown10x
pschae...
Wow. That's really horrible. A perfect solution: You should buy a better stock and never look back.
freestocktip10x
string...
Your post inspired me to go back and find my first. I guess that I didn't realize that my 2 year anniversary had recently passed.
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=9360525
I'm with philsdaddy. I'm sticking around for a little while more. It feels right. Something big on the horizon. I can't stop thinking that we are to virus' as penicillin is (was?) to bacteria. If I'm wrong, it's a few 10 or 20K. No big shake, really. But if Dr F and a few others here are right, it's going to be worth way, way more to stick around for a bit. I'm sticking.
deathtothevirus'10x
Doc of brilliant predictions...
I keep going back to this post of yours and giggling with anticipation...
"I would expect no less than 10 different updates in the next 45 to 60 days. Here they are and in no particular order:
*DengeCide: in vitro, in vivo
*EbolaCide: in vitro, in vivo
*H5N1: in vivo
*RabiCide: in vivo, second animal
*EKC: topical, animal
*HIV progress/update
*cGMP facility: update, possible contract
*Lieberman/Dodd funding
*New partnership, CRADA or private JV
*NIAID/NIH evaluation agreement
OK. That's 10. Possibly a few more?:
+New funding sources
+New antiviral product developments: cancer and/or neurological
+Broad spectrum against drug resistant influenza
Broad spectrum common cold"
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26894906
anticipatinggoodthingstocome10x
Doc...
And what about the many foreign entities that also might want to purchase? If they also pile-on, then we're really talking some big dollars.
bigmoneynowammies10x
Doctor of Brilliance...
I sense that the significance of your discovery is lost on many. It appears that NNVC's product fits-in rather well (perfectly?) with the Government's Bio Defense & Pandemic Action Strategy. That means that NIAID, NIH, DHHS, BARDA and others will fund and/or 'host' much of our research and then once the technology is validated they will pay-pay-pay for the protection that our technology provides. This is rather gigantic-huge is it not? Ghuge?
ghuge10x
Clever Nano....
Clever. No such thing as coincidence. Only odds of occurance.
elementarymydearwatson10x
Nano of amorousity...
A reposted post of an old post:
..."For what it's worth (admittedly, not much), about half way down the page at this link are a few pics of our girl.
http://www.wireimage.com/GalleryListing.asp?nbc1=1&navtyp=CAL====190223&ym=200606
Here too:
http://www.wireimage.com/GalleryListing.asp?navtyp=gls====66720&nbc1=1&VwMd=i
..."
yeah,imadethatwordup10x
No such thing as coincidence....
Being right all the time is such a burden. Hehaho. That funny. I love it when a plan comes together.
Hannibal10x
OT: Dr. of Brilliance...
Brilliant my friend. Brilliant.
whydidntithinkofthat10x
Dr of Forgetfulness...
Uh-oh is right. Looks like you might need NNVC's newest viricide product: Angryspousecide.
hehaho10x
Something always happens when bad 'things' show up...
Isn't it interesting how things ALWAYS move up or down shortly after bashers arrives?... Ko-inky-dink, I'm sure. Hehaho.
observant10x
Doc FG... aka DOM...
So are you saying that you think the possible vector is human to human in the cases where there is no obvious animal vector to explain away the infection? Very possible. Admitting H2H has been generally avoided at all cost by the WHO and others. And there are reasons for that. Mainly financial.
On a related note, Niman has been hinting that the Case Fatality Rate is much lower than what the community knows at this point because nearly all of the non-fatal infections are being missed. And this is a critical point because before all previous influenzas went pandemic, the CFR dropped substantially. Low CFR's allow for 'easier' H2H transmissions because many carriers do not know that they are carrying the virus (they are asymptomatic - showing no symptoms). So it's spread much greater distances this way (can you say air travel? - can you say SARS?). This is largely why Ebola has not turned pandemic. The CFR is 80-90%+. Those who are infected with Ebola weaken and die before they can go very far. Yikes.
happyFriday10x
Doctor of Mystery...
I've been thinking about this for a few months now... and I'm wondering if one of the possible infection vectors is airborne. Haven't heard anything about this vector yet. I have heard about bacteria becoming airborne and spreading via attachment to dust particles. Seems reasonable.
scientist10x
False Negatives...
Question: If I look for a whale in the desert and cannot find one, can I then conclude that they do not exist?
Um, not so much. The info below is stunning. Absolutely stunning. Initial blood tests for H5N1 almost guarantee false negative test results. Blood tests show antibody levels and nothing else. If the infection is in the early stages, antibodies will not have risen in the blood yet. So the only way for blood tests to work is to draw blood daily for a few weeks to watch for serum levels rising over time. A one time lookie-loo is almost meaningless. Throat and nasal swabs are the only means to identify H5N1 infections. And even these tests have their challenges and are not fail-proof as Tamiflu can mask the virus even with throat and nasal swabs. Blood tests, however, do not work. And that's really bad because after the negative or inconclusive blood test, these false negative patients go home and then infect their family members, who then infect their neighbors, who then infect others until eventually someone already infected with H1N1 (easily transmittable flu) becomes dually infected with H5N1. Then they become the index case. Numero-uno. They become the petri dish for genetic recombination where the flu virus' swap genetics and bam, a new strain emerges. And THAT boys and girls is why false negatives are so very dangerous.
It ain't rocket science people. It's basic virology. And it's stunning that the very basics of virology would be ignored in a situation as grave as this. Poverty and ignorance rears it's ugly head again.
myhandsareup,isurrender10x
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
WHO Requests Additional Samples from Karachi Cullers
Recombinomics Commentary 07:51
February 5, 2008
A joint team of national and international health agencies has taken some more samples from three suspected patients, who were shifted from the bird flu-infected poultry farm in Gadap to the Civil Hospital Karachi on Friday. Sindh Deputy Secretary Health Dr Shakeel Mullick, who is also the focal person on bird flu in humans, on Monday night said that throat, nasal and blood samples were taken in the presence of a committee comprising representatives of the World Health Organisation, the National Institute of Health, Islamabad, and the federal and provincial health ministries. They had been sent to the NIH laboratory in Islamabad and the result was expected after 72 hours, he added. CHK Medical Superintendent Dr Kaleem Butt said that the team took fresh samples as those taken earlier were not helpful for the NIH laboratory tests.
The above comments describe requests for new sample collections from the three patients in isolation from the first cull near Karachi. PCR and viral sequencing and isolation tests use throat and nasal swabs, which were not likely taken earlier. Blood samples can detect a rise in antibodies, but the rise is optimal on samples collected weeks after onset dates. Thus, paired serum samples can be used to detect H5N1 infections, but early results and viral isolation require swab collections. The lack of swab collections, as revealed above, is even more glaring in India and Bangladesh. Neither country has ever reported a human H5N1 case, and the failures to detect cases may be related to testing procedures.
Although swabs require collections at the appropriate time, media reports of sample collections in India and Bangladesh fail to mention the collection of nasal and throat swabs. These efforts do not guarantee positives in H5N1 infected patients. In Turkey, throat swabs from the four siblings were negative, although three died. The fatal cases were positive when fluid from the lungs was tested. Thus, the nasal and throat swabs may also generate false negatives, especially if collected too early or after the start of Tamiflu treatment.
Although false negatives are common, limiting testing to initial serum collections, virtually assures a negative result.
http://www.recombinomics.com/News/02050802/Karachi_WHO_Samples.html