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Looks like it kmay have found its level. Time will tell.
Ouch. If this credit crisis goes on much longer this may be it for this company as I beleive they rely heavily on borrowing to meet cash flow requirements. I will say however, that some of their venture capital investors have very deep pockets.
With DHL rapidly winding down services and/or contracting out deliveries. UPS and FedEx stand to pick up a substantial peice of DHL/Airborne business. Although the stock could go lower w/ the fiasco going on in the financial sector(could see mid-sixties if bailout bill grags on), if it the bill passes I don't see it going much lower. I think decreases in business due to the economy will be at least partially offset by new business from disgruntled or spooked DHL customers.
Accumulating on pull-backs. May be a while before it take a charge at $70 again but you still get 3%+ div while your waiting and they are one of the few solid banks.
Virtually unphased by FRE, LEH & AIG fiascos but rightly so. CYN's balance sheet is clean.
Form 10-Q for EFOODSAFETY COM INC
-----------------------------------------------------
15-Sep-2008
Quarterly Report
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2008 AND 2007
SALES
Our gross revenues from operations for the three months ended July 31, 2008 were $326,843 which was reduced by returns of $35,000 for a net of $291,843. Our revenues from operations for the three months ended July 31, 2007 were $321,474. Our gross sales increased slightly as we are continuing to find sellers of our product. Our cost of sales was $52,683 in 2008 compared to $93,467 in 2007 as we have improved our price points..
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
During the three months ended July 31, 2008, we incurred research and development expenses of $9,724 compared with $21,508 in the prior year Most of these expenses were from our two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Knock-Out Technologies, Inc. and MedElite, Inc. Our research and development decreased as we have mostly concluded our testing.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
A summary of our Selling, General and Administrative costs is as follows:
During the three months ended July 31, 2008, the Company incurred sales and marketing expenses of $26,260 compared to sales and marketing expenses of $88,359 during the three months ended July 31, 2007.
Cash and stock compensation were paid for consulting fees for outside directors, legal advisors and marketing consultants. The Company incurred $552,815 in consulting fees in 2008 compared to $880,856in 2007.Of these amounts non cash stock for services represented $501,550 of the 2008 total and $218,650 was for the 2007 total.
General and administrative expenses increased to $152,881 from $142,265.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of July 31, 2008, we had working capital of $3,282,934. As a result of our operating losses during the three months ended July 31, 2008, we generated a cash flow deficit of $167,407 from operating activities.
By adjusting the Company's operations and development to the level of capitalization, management believes it has sufficient capital resources to meet projected cash flow deficits through the next twelve months. However, if thereafter we are not successful in generating sufficient liquidity from operations or in raising sufficient capital resources on terms acceptable to us, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.
Our independent certified public accountants have stated in their report which is included as part of our audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2008 and 2007, that we have suffered recurring losses from operations , and this matter raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements, special purpose entities, financing partnerships or guarantees.
Wow. The only page avaialble at numaderm.com is aweful and an insult to shareholders. It is riddled with typos and misspelled words. Based on the content it also appears as if eFood hired a 3rd-grader to write it. This is a really poor respresntation on the company's part. They don't even care enough to take an extra minute to use spell check. I hate to say it but more and more I am beginning to wonder if we will ever even see $0.10 again. Management has done an horrid job these products thus far. It deserves to be where it is trading and maybe even lower if this keeps up.
www.Nutraderm.com became actvie Sept.4 however there is not much to it.
Wonder if it will fill the gap before going higher. Hopefully yes.
Even I didn't expect a run like this. A 50%+ appreciation in less than 60 days in a market like this. ...and a 4% dividend to boot.
eFoodSafety Commences Marketing Campaign for Cinnechol(TM) with National Radio Blitz
Cinnechol™ Radio Show Currently Airing in 10 Markets on 23 Different Stations
Scottsdale, AZ - (BUSINESS WIRE) - September 3, 2008 -- eFoodSafety.com, Inc. (OTCBB:EFSF), a researcher, developer, and marketer of whole foods and nutraceutical products, announced today that its half-hour radio show campaign for its all-natural product Cinnechol™ had commenced the weekend of August 23 and 24th, on schedule based on the company’s previous news release, with airing to continue.
Utilizing a long form radio show for promoting Cinnechol™ is one of the most efficient methods for rapidly creating national awareness of the benefits of Cinnechol™. The rollout began with the show playing on carefully selected stations located in highly populated demographic areas around the country.
The Cinnechol™ radio show is presented as an interview program along with call-in testimonials. The initial radio shows were focused in ten markets and on twenty-three different stations. The markets included stations in New York, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Texas, Pennsylvania, Colorado, Arizona, Michigan, and Washington, DC.
The radio shows will primarily play on Saturday and Sunday, although some weekday shows will air in other selected markets. The number of stations airing the Cinnechol™ show is expected to grow systematically each weekend. Ultimately, the direct response half-hour show is expected to be heard on several hundred radio stations throughout the United States. As it hits the company’s projected goals, the Cinnechol™ campaign will be heard by millions of people each week.
If you remove the 700K shares the stock is only traded 187K today. The 700k was probably a print for a large order being filled over a period of time or an arranged trade. As you mentioned, very possible a short-cover.
Q1 numbers in two weeks or less. Could put pressure on the stock unless they show either a slight increase in revs and/or a substantially lower amount of payments in stock.
700,000 shares at $0.085 before market open?? Regardless, stock behaving well.
Only Knight left at $0.085. The other offer moved to the bid side.
PurEffect Site is up Don't know why I didn't notice it earlier but the PurEffect site is up. Explains the uptick in the stock. Site looks good. Check it out.http://www.pureffect.com/
Another positive is that for almost a year now we have been making lower lows and lower highs each trading cycle. The last and lowest high was $0.082 the first week of this month. Today, trading at $0.085, eclipses that high and may set the stage for higher lows as well. Light at the end of the tunnel??? Don't know for sure as 1 in a row doesn't make a pattern, but it is a positive sign none the less. soes
Yes, the bid is up, HILL is away from the offer by a point and over 25,000 have traded at the ask ($0.085). I even saw HILL on the bid the other day. The stock touched the top side of the Bollinger Bands today for the first time since Mar/Apr. In fact, it actually hadn't made it much over midpoint on the BB since then as well.
geo, I think the original launch of Cinnechol was such a non-event that the only people that even know it exist or know that it was previously launched are EFS shareholders.
eFoodSafety Finalizes Marketing Program for Cinnergen(TM) and Cinnechol(TM)
eFoodSafety.com, Inc. (OTCBB:EFSF), a researcher, developer, and marketer of whole foods and nutraceutical products announced today that it has established a marketing plan for the national roll-out of Cinnergen™ and Cinnechol™. Cinnergen, made with clinically researched ingredients, is a non-prescription liquid, whole food nutritional supplement that promotes healthy glucose metabolism. Cinnechol is a multi-faceted nutritional supplement specifically designed to naturally promote healthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels without causing any negative side effects, as well as enhance overall cardiovascular health.
The testing of all media forms has been completed, and was a lengthy and arduous task but a necessary one that all companies utilize prior to the launch of its product(s). In simplest terms, the company tested various forms of media, internet, radio and television and established a ratio of dollars spent versus dollars received. It was then determined which media to use based on response rates per dollars spent. The last and final phase in the process was to develop a comprehensive national marketing plan to profitably roll-out the product.
The uniqueness of the company’s testing program was that the board of directors was determined to launch these products profitably--and they believe after three quarters of testing media and tweaking the “call-to-action,” they have arrived at the exact mix of media. These products will be launched this month, and the shareholders and investment community will be kept informed of airing dates and times.
I think they are starting to cross or co-market these as well. What I mean is including a bar with the shipment for online and call in orders of Cinnergen. Probalby not going to add significant volume but can't hurt.
I do beleive they are reformulating slightly to help the taste hold up better.
....I am 99.99% certain it isn't true.
Rumors of a suitor for Immune Boost but then again almost peice of news about this company is a rumor.
Looks like they went in an paid to extend the registration for another year (08-14-09). I, along with many others, contact Redwood Consulting to inquire on the expiration of the site. I think they probably paid the $10 to have it renewed just to quell the masses.
You can order on the web site but I normally just call Paul Nager at Immune Boost and place an order. I actually like the taste of the oatmeal raisin ones and can blow through a box of them in a week. When ordering make sure to let them know you are a shareholder. I think at this point a majority of the people purchasing them are shareholders. There are also a few shareholders buying quantity and either selling them at kiosks in local malls or to the local health clubs. They need a chain drig store to pick them up.
PurEffect.com registration expired yesterday (Aug 14, 2008). Records show that it was owned by Charlston Kentrist 41 Direct, Inc. was created on August 14, 2002. Interesting the domain is not avaialable for sale. There may be a grace period before they free up the domain for reuse. This would appear to be a major blunder if they really let go of the domain especially when registration renewal is about the smae price as lunch at a fast-food drive-thru.
INRE: PurEffect - On other boards I heard the most recent delay is because CK41 is going public. This could explain the delay because CK41 was responsible for getting the product out there. If they do not have enough funds to do this that could be hold-up. Not a good sign. Some others did some research and found no IPO filings however I would expect them to be able to do a private offereing based on there limited track record and having only two products launched. My guess is if there was any truth to the rumor they would probably take the route of purchasing a shell bulliten board company and performing a reverse acquisition. Then they would finance operation the same way EFS is, that being issuing stock for cash and services.
As I mentioned the CK41 going public, at this point, is strictly rumor (and in my opinion likely to remain nothing more than a rumor).
Even it were true, it only explains the delay of a single product out of many and, after that product (PurEffect) being delayed for the umpteenth time is more akin to the "my dog at my paper" excuse than an explaination.
soes
I here ya. The one thing I find peculiar is that the Company. other than 4Q #'s, hasn't communicated w/ it's shareholders. No really follow-up comments on the 4Q/FY08 #'s, no status on on the pilot PurEffect launch that was supposed to have begun in July, the Numaderm launch that was supposed to have begun in May/June or the 2nd phase of the Cinnechol launch.
For a company that has 4 products on the market, 3 products either ready for launch or in the final phase of testing, and another 6-7 products in the pipeline, this company is suprisingly quite. Not that shareholders want fluff PR's to fill the void but I would find it hard to believe that they would have at least one or to updates of substance.
Equally as bad as repeatedly missing deadlines is not communicating why and a new target.
soes
Stock moving inversely to oil.
Annual revenues up $20,000. 4Q revenues down 40%.
Form 10KSB for EFOODSAFETY COM INC
-----------------------------------------------------------------
29-Jul-2008
Annual Report
ITEM 6. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION.
Management's Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations
Year Ended April 30, 2008
Sales
Our revenues from operations for the year ended April 30, 2008 were $1,189,954. Our revenues from operations for the year ended April 30, 2007 were $1,169,658.
Research and Development
During the year ended April 30, 2008, we incurred research and development expenses of $412,882 compared to $133,835 as the Company continued to refine and develop its products related to Knock-Out Technologies, MedElite and I Boost.
We do not anticipate any material increase in such expenses in 2009.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
A summary of our Selling, General and Administrative expenses is as follows:
During the year ended April 30, 2008, the Company incurred sales and marketing expense of $204,593, compared to sales and marketing expense of $1,409,645 during the year ended April 30, 2007. The decrease in sales and marketing expense is primarily due to the change from the Company being solely a distributor to a manufacturer, as well as a change in how the product is marketed from ad campaigns and TV advertising to print. We expect such expense to be level in 2009.
Consulting expense increased to $3,321,941 from $2,263,666 as a result of our issuing more stock for services. We do not anticipate any material increase in such expense in 2009.
General and administrative expenses increased to $733,580 from $398,044 primarily due to operations of having five fully operating subsidiaries in 2008 rather than four partially operating subsidiaries in 2007. We do not expect any material increase in such expenses in 2009.
Interest Expense
Interest expense of $2,953 and $35,088 were incurred during the years ended April 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The amount of interest expense decreased substantially as the company eliminated virtually all its debt by issuing stock.
As a result, we do not expect any material increase in such expense in 2009.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of April 30, 2008, we had working capital of $3,564,771. As a result of our operating losses during the year ended April 30, 2008, we generated a cash flow deficit of $1,191,073 from operating activities. We utilized cash flows in connection with investing activities of $9,573 during the year ended April 30, 2008. We met our cash requirements for the year ended April 30, 2008 with cash flows provided from financing activities mainly from sales of our stock for $1,605,078.
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements, special purpose entities, financing partnerships or guarantees.
fyi... Here's an interesting post from another EFSF message board. It was posted this morning by 'sgsf70.' Good DD info:
"Ok so out of some frustration, I gave the IR team a call. I spoke with Richard and he gave me some talking points he is allowed to discuss.
This is what I learned from my call today
Cinnergen/Cinnechol-
Internet Campaign to commence first July until end of Sept.
Goal of $500K in sales per product month with a goal to increase that by $200K per quarter.
Pureffect-
Internet campaign to commence July and a tentative TV launch in end of Sept 2008
Oraphyte-
Still testing in universities
Results are favorable to date
Looking to announce licensing deal by end of year
Immune Bars-
EFSF has been granted the rights to purchase all rights to the other products in the Immune Bar line
July they are looking to have 2-3 major retail chain make purchases
Company stats-
Have $1.3 cash on hand
Burn rate per month $30K
Have enough cash to last 3 yrs"
I'm disappointed that they didn't release numbers mid-July. 2 1/2 months is more than enough time even for a small company. Last year they didn't report until August but that was supposedly due to the fact that they switched accounting firms in 4th quarter. Regardless I guess we are going to be waiting until mid-August now.
Just setup the board. Will add more info in the coming week. At todays price it has a 4.10% yield, 50% upside potential in 12 months and is a very solid bank. I great buy imo ...that is if you can stomach for buying a financial/banking equity in the current market.
soes
I think they should stick the New Zealand researchers in cages and use them for test subjects.
Looks like we are going to test 73 and change again.
ORAPHYTE PATENT CLAIMS
Patent Claims
The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070105741.
1. A disinfectant composition comprising hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), orange terpene oil, orange valencia oil, a non-ionic emulsifier, and distilled or deionized water (H.sub.2O).
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the orange terpene oil is present in the composition from 5% to 40% v/v, the orange valencia oil is present in the composition from 5% to 40% v/v, the non-ionic emulsifier is present in the composition from 5% to 50% v/v, the distilled or deionized H.sub.2O is present in the composition from 5% to 80% v/v and the hydrogen peroxide is present in the composition from 1.5% to 8% w/v H.sub.2O.sub.2.
3. The disinfectant composition of claim 1, wherein the non-ionic emulsifier is polysorbate 80.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 5.25% w/v H.sub.2O.sub.2, 10% v/v orange terpene oil, 5% v/v orange valencia oil, 10% v/v polysorbate 80, and 60% v/v distilled water.
5. The disinfectant composition of claim 1, further comprising oil of rosemary.
6. The disinfectant composition of claim 1, further comprising an antimicrobial agent.
7. The disinfectant composition of claim 1, further comprising a surfactant.
8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated as a gel, or a spray, or a paste, or a disinfecting wipe.
9. A method for disinfecting a surface comprising contacting a surface with the disinfectant composition of claim 1.
10. A method for reducing the number of mold spores on a surface comprising contacting the mold spores with a disinfectant composition of claim 1.
END
ORAPHYTE PATENT APPLICATION
USPTO Application #: 20070105741
Title: Disinfectant compositions and methods of use thereof
Abstract: The present invention discloses a highly potent, non-toxic, disinfectant that can be used for a wide breadth of applications. The disinfectant comprises hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), orange terpene oil, orange valencia oil, a non-ionic emulsifier (polysorbate 80), and water (H2O). Applications of the disinfectant include, but are not limited to, uses as a mouthwash, skin cleanser, or as a germicidal for disinfecting surfaces such as foodstuff, plant matter, leather, wood, metal, plastic and fabrics. Methods for using the disinfectant composition of the invention are also provided. (end of abstract)
Agent: David S. Resnick - Boston, MA, US
Inventor: Robert Bowker
USPTO Applicaton #: 20070105741 - Class: 510375000 (USPTO)
Related Patent Categories: Cleaning Compositions For Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, Or Processes Of Preparing The Compositions, Cleaning Compositions Or Processes Of Preparing (e.g., Sodium Bisulfate Component, Etc.), With Oxygen Or Halogen Containing Chemical Bleach Or Oxidant Component, The Bleach Or Oxidant Component Contains Peroxy
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This Application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C .sctn. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/720,811 filed Sep. 27, 2005.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to an environmentally friendly, non-toxic, food grade, disinfectant composition that can be used for multiple applications including, but not limited to, uses as a mouthwash, skin cleanser, or as a germicidal for disinfecting surfaces such as foodstuff, plant matter, leather, wood, metal, plastic and fabrics.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] A number of products have been developed for the purpose of disinfecting and cleaning. However, many of these products use toxic, poisonous chemicals that are detrimental to the environment and to our health.
[0004] Hydrogen peroxide is a strong, environmentally friendly, disinfectant with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that has been widely used in the healthcare field. Unfortunately, hydrogen peroxide is also a strong oxidizing agent that in high concentrations can damage tissue and damage surfaces such as foodstuff, making them more vulnerable to pathogenic penetration.
[0005] Essential oils, are natural products known to have antimicrobial properties and disinfectant solutions based on essential oils have been formulated, U.S. Pat. No. 6,846,498. However, the potency and spectrum of action of many of these formulations lag behind those exhibited by other antimicrobials. Furthermore, formulations are difficult to make because the oils are not readily miscible in water.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0006] The present invention is directed to disinfectant compositions and their use.
[0007] The invention provides a disinfectant composition comprising hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), orange terpene oil, orange valencia oil, a non-ionic emulsifier (e.g. polysorbate 80), and deionized or distilled water (H.sub.2O). The composition can include varied amounts of each of these ingredients.
[0008] In one embodiment, the orange terpene oil is present in the composition from 5% to 40% v/v, the orange valencia oil is present in the composition from 5% to 40% v/v, the non-ionic emulsifier is present in the composition from 5% to 50% v/v, the distilled or deionized H.sub.2O is present in the composition from 5% to 80% v/v and the hydrogen peroxide is present in the composition from 1.5% to 8% H.sub.2O.sub.2 w/v In another embodiment, the composition comprises one half as much non-ionic emulsifier (e.g. polysorbate) by volume as the combined volume of orange valencia oil and orange terpene oil.
[0009] In one preferred embodiment the disinfectant composition comprises 5.25% H.sub.2O.sub.2 (15% of a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution), 10% v/v orange terpene oil, 5% v/v orange valencia oil, 10% v/v polysorbate 80, and 60% v/v distilled water.
[0010] In one embodiment, the disinfectant composition further comprises an antioxidant preservative of H.sub.2O.sub.2 such as oil of rosemary.
[0011] In one embodiment, the composition further comprises antimicrobials such as quaternary ammonium compounds, triclosan, cetyl pyridium chloride, domiphen bromide, zinc compounds, sanguinanine soluble pyrophosphates, fluorides, alexidine, octonidine, and EDTA. In addition, the disinfectant composition can also comprise surfactants, common builders that improve surfactant effectiveness, saponifiers, chelating agents, and/or other solvents.
[0012] The invention provides a method for disinfecting surfaces comprising applying the composition to the surface.
[0013] The invention further provides a method for reducing the number of mold spores on a surface. The method comprises contacting the surface containing the mold spores with the composition.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0014] FIG. 1 shows a chart summarizing the results of an EPA acute oral toxicity test where three female Sprague-Dawley rats received an oral limit dose of 50000 mg/kg of a germicidal spray comprising 60% distilled water, 10% polysorbate 80, 5% orange valencia oil, 10% orange terpene oil, and 15% of a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution. Time after dosing, mortality and clinical signs are indicated.
[0015] FIG. 2 shows a chart summarizing the results of an EPA primary eye irritation test where the eyes of six New Zeland Rabbits were exposed to a germicidal spray comprising 60% distilled water, 10% polysorbate 80, 5% orange valencia oil, 10% orange terpene oil, and 15% of a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution. Various times after dosing, the L (left) and R (right) eye were given a score as indicated in FIG. 3.
[0016] FIG. 3 shows a chart referencing the scale used for scoring ocular lesions that are scored in the primary eye irritation test described herein.
[0017] FIG. 4 shows a chart referencing the scale used for scoring skin reactions in the primary dermal irritation test described herein.
[0018] FIG. 5 shows a chart summarizing the results of a EPA primary dermal irritation test where the skin of three New Zeland Rabbits were exposed to a germicidal spray comprising 60% distilled water, 10% polysorbate 80, 5% orange valencia oil, 10% orange terpene oil, and 15% of a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution. Effects of exposure were given a score as indicated in FIG. 4.
[0019] FIG. 6 shows a chart of the results of a Virucidal Efficacy Test indicating the measured titer of Avian Influenza Virus after exposure to a germicidal spray comprising 60% distilled water, 10% polysorbate 80, 5% orange valencia oil, 10% orange terpene oil, and 15% of a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution; lot 14-G-07 and lot 14-G-03, as described in Example V. (----) lines indicate that to virus was detected.
[0020] FIGS. 7A-7C show charts of the results of control experiments performed in the Virucidal Efficacy Test described in Example V. FIG. 7A shows the results of neutralizer effectiveness and toxicity related controls. FIG. 7B shows the plate recovery control, column titer control and virus stock titer control. FIG. 7C shows control results for the host viability control. For FIGS. 7A-7C; (0)=no toxicity observed. (+)=Avian Influenza A virus was detected, hemagglutination observed, (-)=Avian Influenza A virus was not detected, No hemagglutination observed, PNS=Post neutralized sample, ND=Not determined.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] We have discovered a highly potent non-toxic, environmentally friendly, disinfectant that can be used for a wide breadth of applications. The disinfectant described herein is composed of food grade material and comprises hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), orange terpene oil, orange valencia oil, a non-ionic emulsifier (e.g. polysorbate 80), and distilled or deionized water (H.sub.2O). The disinfectant is very potent and, as shown in Example 1, highly effective at killing microorganisms including, but not limited to, bacteria (gram positive or gram negative), bacterial spores, molds, fungi and viruses such as Salmonella cholerasuis, Staphylococcus aureaus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Listeria monocytogenes, and Influenza virus.
[0022] An advantage of the disinfectant composition of the invention over other disinfectants is that it can be composed of entirely food grade materials while maintaining its high degree of potency against bacteria and other microorganisms. The non-toxic components of the composition described herein work synergistically against microorganisms. Not to be bound by theory, it is believed that the orange valencia oil together with the other components weakens the microrganisms (bacteria/fungus/mold spores/viruses) making them more vunerable to the H.sub.2O.sub.2.
[0023] In one embodiment, the disinfectant composition further comprises oil of rosemary, e.g. CAS Number 8000-25-7, which can be obtained from Polarome International, Inc. (200 Theodore Conrad Drive, Jersy City, N.J. 07035).
[0024] Any non-ionic emulsifier can be used in the disinfectant composition of the invention, including, but not limited to, alkyl polyethyleneoxy ethers, alkyl phenol polyethyleneoxy ethers, polyethyleneoxy amines, polyethyleneoxy fatty acids, and alkyl dimethyl amino oxides. In another embodiment, the composition comprising hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), orange terpene oil, orange valencia oil, a non-ionic emulsifier, and distilled or deionized water (H.sub.2O) does not comprise an anionic surfactant or an amphoteric surfactant.
[0025] In one embodiment, the non-ionic emulsifier of the disinfectant composition is polysorbate 80 (CAS Number 9005-65-6).
[0026] In one embodiment, the disinfectant is a composition that comprises 60% v/v distilled water, 10% v/v polysorbate 80, 5% v/v orange valencia oil, 10% v/v orange terpene oil, and 15% v/v of a 35% wt. % hydrogen peroxide solution (equivalent to 5.35% of H.sub.2O.sub.2). The composition can be used at full strength or can be diluted with water. Dilutions can range from 1:1 to 1:10,000.
[0027] The disinfectant composition can be formulated, if desired, as a gel, spray, foam, or paste, or as a disinfecting wipe, using standard formulations known in the art as appropriate.
[0028] The disinfectant composition can be made by mixing the components together using any known means. Preferably the components are mixed together sequentially. For example, the components are added in sequence to distilled water in the following order: orange terpene oil, orange valencia, then polysorbate 80. While being mixed at moderate speed, hydrogen peroxide is then added and mixed for approximately five minutes. In one preferred embodiment, the distilled water is kept between 90.degree. and 100.degree. Fahrenheit to facilitate the emulsification process.
[0029] The components can be obtained from any source. Preferably food grade components are used. As an example source, the orange terpene oil and orange valencia oil can be obtained from Polarome International, Inc. (200 Theodore Conrad Drive, Jersy City, N.J. 07035) (Orange Terpenes, CAS Number 68647-72-3, EINECS Number 232-433-8; Orange Oil Valencias, CAS Number 8008-57-9, EINECS Number 232-433-8)); the polysorbate 80 can be obtained from Spectrum Chemicals (14422 South San Pedro Street, Gardena, Calif. 90248) and the hydrogen peroxide from Solvay Chemicals Inc. (1632 Haden Road, Houston, Tex. 77015) or from FMC corporation (1735 Market Street Philadelphia, Pa 19103), (Durox.RTM.35%). The orange valencia oil can be derived from a cold press expression method which preserves viable anti-oxidants. In one embodiment, the orange valencia oil has at least 1.4% aldehydes.
[0030] While it is preferable to use only food grade components in the composition, other non-food grade components can also be added.
[0031] The composition described herein can include multiple surfactants, including, but not limited to nonionic surfactants such as nonylphenol ethoxylate, alcohol ethoxylates, octylphenol ethoxylate, coconut diethanolamide (cocoamide DEA), unspecified nonionic surfactant; anionic surfactants such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (dodecylbenzene sulfonate), alcohol sulfates (lauryl sulfates), alcohol ether sulfates (lauryl ether sulfates, laureth sulfates), sodium alkyl polyether sulfonate, alkyl polyglycosides, unspecified anionic surfactant, and soap; amphoteric surfactants such as, alkylbetaine, unspecified amphoteric surfactant; and cationic surfactants such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, unspecified quaternary ammonium chlorides or compounds, alkylaryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, ethylbenzene ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, octyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.
[0032] The composition of the invention can further comprise common builders that improve surfactant effectiveness, saponifiers, chelating agents, and/or other solvents, examples of such additives include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, carbonates sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, pyrophosphates, polyphosphates, phosphate esters, orthophosphates, sodium metasilicate, sodium silicate, ethanolamines, carbonates, silicates, EDTA, STPP, and zeolites/PCA, isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol, monomethylether, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-2-butoxyethyoxyethanol, d-limonene, pine oil, tall oil, ammonia (ammonium hydroxide), hydrocarbons, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, or 1,3-proponediol.
[0033] Although not necessary, it is possible to employ other antimicrobial agents in the composition of this invention, for example quaternary ammonium compounds, phenols, alcohols, sodium hypochlorite, pine oil or other known antimicrobial oils. Examples of quaternary ammonium compounds include, but are not limited to alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, unspecified quaternary ammonium chlorides or compounds, alkylaryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, ethylbenzene ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and octyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Preferably the quaternary ammonium compound is present in the composition at 0.01-1%. Example phenols include, but are not limited to ortho-benzyl parachlorophenol, ortho-phenylphenol, and para-tertiary-amylphenol. Preferably the phenol is present in the composition at 2-5%. Example alcohols include but are not limited to Isopropyl alcohol and ethanol. Preferably, sodium hypochlorite is present in the composition from 0.5-5%. Other exemplary antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to, triclosan, cetyl pyridium chloride, domiphen bromide, zinc compounds, sanguinanine soluble pyrophosphates, fluorides, alexidine, octonidine, EDTA, and the like.
[0034] The non-toxic nature of the disinfectant described herein allows for its use not only in applications where the harshness of the disinfectant is irrelevant, but also in applications more sensitive in nature, for example when disinfecting skin, treating plants and food stuff, and killing oral microorganisms.
[0035] In one embodiment, the disinfectant described herein is used to sanitize porous or non-porous surfaces. Any surface can be cleaned using the disinfectant of the invention including, but not limited to, leather, wood, metal, plastic, synthetics, and fabrics.
[0036] The composition of the invention can disinfect surfaces containing bacteria, bacterial spores fungus, and/or viruses (DNA or RNA viruses).
[0037] The compositions can be used to inactivate vegetative bacteria and bacterial spores upon contact. Bacteria that can be inactivated by the compositions can be gram negative or gram positive bacteria. gram negative bacteria include, for example and without limitation, Vibrio, Salmonella, Shigella, pseudomonas, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Moraxella, Legionella, Bordetella, Gardnerella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Brucella, Yersinia, Pasteurella, Bacteroids, and Helicobacter gram positive bacteria include, for example, and without limitation, Bacillus, Clostridium, Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria, Corynebacteria, Planococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Andacidfast bacilli such as Mycobacterium. In one embodiment the compositions can be used to inactivate bacillus, including, without limitation B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. subtilis, and B. megaterium. Compositions of the invention can also be used to inactivate Clostridium, e. g., C. botulinum, C. perfringens, and C. tetani. Other bacteria that can be inactivated by the composition include, but are not limited to, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae, S. agalactiae, S. pneumonia, S. pyogenes and V. cholerae.
[0038] Contacting a virus with the composition of the invention can inactivate a virus.
[0039] The effect of compositions on viral agents can be monitored using any suitable means, such as, for example, plaque reduction assay (PRA), cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), P-galactosidase assay, and electron microscopy (EM). Viruses which can be inactivated by contact with the composition include, without limitation, virus of the families Baculoviridae, Herpesviridae, Iridoviridae, Poxviridae, "African Swine Fever Viruses," Adenoviridae, Caulimoviridae, Myoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Tectiviridae, Papovaviridae, Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Hepadnaviridae,Cystoviridae,Bimaviridae, Reoviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, "Arterivirus," Astroviridae, Caliciviridae,Picornaviridae, Potyviridae, Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Arenaviridae, and Bunyaviridae.
[0040] In one embodiment, the virus is herpes, pox, papilloma, corona, influenza, hepatitis, sendai, sindbis and vaccinia viruses, west nile, hanta, and viruses which cause the common cold.
[0041] In yet another embodiment, contacting a fungus with the composition of the invention inactivates the fungus. In one embodiment, the fungus is a yeast, such as, for example various species of Candida (e. g., Candida albicans) or filamentous yeast including but not limited to Aspergillus species or dermatophytes such as Trichophyton ubrura, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseux, and Epiderophytonfloccosum, and types thereof, as well as others.
[0042] The composition of the invention can also be used for mold remediation for building, equipment, and facilities. Examples of molds include, but are not limited to Cladosporium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Curvularia, Aspergillus, and Penicillium.
[0043] The disinfectant described herein can also be used as an aerosol or spray to eliminate odors, e.g. as a room or fabric deodorizer.
[0044] In one embodiment, the disinfectant described herein is used as a mouthwash to eliminate bad breath and to reduce the presence of oral microorganisms. Although not necessary, additional conventional components may be added to the disinfectant of the invention as in mouthwashes of the prior art. For example, softeners such as glycerin may be added to enhance the lubricous mouth feel of the mouthwash as it is used and to provide a refreshing, moist, organoleptic feeling thereafter. Glycerin may be incorporated in amounts of from about 0.05% w/v to about 10.0% w/v, and preferably in an amount of about 7.5% w/v. Sweeteners such as aspartame or sodium saccharin and the like may be added for better taste in amounts of from about 0.005% w/v to about 1.0% w/v, and preferably in an amount of approximately 0.05% w/v. Other essential oils can be added to alter the flavor. Zinc chloride or other zinc salts e.g. zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate etc., may be added as an astringent for an "antiseptic cleaning" feeling in an amount of from about 0.0025% w/v to about 0.200% w/v.
[0045] In one embodiment, the disinfectant described herein is used in medical applications, such as to clean skin wounds, or skin surfaces. The disinfectant can also be used as a hand sanitizer. The disinfectant is very potent and highly effective at killing microorganisms including, but not limited, to Salmonella cholerasuis, Staphylococcus aureaus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes and influenza.
[0046] In one embodiment, the disinfectant described herein is used as germicidal for disinfecting/cleaning foodstuff or plant matter. Hydrogen peroxide solutions have also been found to be effective at inhibiting sprouting and rooting of foodstuffs, such as potatoes or other vegetables, thereby extending the shelf life of perishable food stuffs and plant matter. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,348,187 which is herein incorporated by reference. The disinfectant composition can be sprayed directly on plant matter or mixed with soil to discourage infestation with parasitic organisms.
[0047] In one embodiment, the composition is used in the food industry in preventing and treating food contaminated with pathogens. Thus, such compositions may be used to reduce or inhibit microbial growth or otherwise abrogate the deleterious effects of microbial contamination of food. For example, the composition can be used to kill bacteria and fungus on poultry eggs, fruit, vegetables, and meat. Also, the inclusion of the compositions of the invention within the food product itself would be effective in killing bacteria that may have been accidentally contaminated meat or poultry. The composition can be included in juice products to prevent growth of certain fungi, which cause contamination and lead to production of mycotoxins. For these applications, the compositions is applied in food industry acceptable forms such as washes, dips, additives, preservatives, or seasonings. The use of media and agents for additives, preservatives, and seasonings that are acceptable in food industry is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional additives, preservatives and seasonings are incompatible with the disinfectant composition of the invention, their use in preventing or treating food born microbes and their toxic products is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients may also be incorporated into the compositions.
[0048] In one embodiment the disinfectant is loaded onto a cleaning wipe. The cleaning wipe, upon which the disinfectant composition is loaded thereon, is made of an absorbent/adsorbent material. Typically, the cleaning wipe has at least one layer of nonwoven material. Nonlimiting examples of commercially available cleaning wipes that can be used include DuPont 8838, Dexter Z A, Dexter 10180, Dexter M10201, Dexter 8589, Ft. James 836, and Concert STD60LN, and Ahlstrom 4759. All of these cleaning wipes include a blend of polyester and wood pulp. Dexter M10201 also includes rayon, a wood pulp derivative. The loading ratio of the cleaning composition onto the cleaning wipe is about 2-5:1, and typically about 3-4:1. The disinfectant composition is loaded onto the cleaning wipe in any number of manufacturing methods. Typically, the cleaning wipe is soaked in the disinfectant composition for a period of time until the desired amount of loading is achieved.
[0049] In one embodiment, the disinfectant composition is packaged in a pressurized gas aerosol can. Common aerosol propellants include butane, isobutane, liquefied natural gas, and propane.
[0050] The invention provides methods for disinfecting surfaces to inactivate pathogenic organisms comprising contacting a surface with the disinfectant composition of the invention. The step of contacting can involve contacting any substrate, which may be or is suspected to be contaminated, with the composition of the invention. By substrate it is meant, without limitation any subject, such as a human or an animal (contact can be in vivo or ex vivo, any article, any surface, or any enclosure. A pathogenic microorganism can be, without limitation, a bacteria, a virus, a fungus, a protozoan or a combination thereof.
[0051] The step of contacting can be performed for any amount of time sufficient to inactivate a microorganism. In one embodiment, inactivation occurs within about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes after initial contact. However, it is understood that when the emulsions are used in a therapeutic context and applied topically or systemically, the inactivation may occur over a longer period of time, for example, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 minutes or longer after administration.
[0052] The step of contacting can be performed using any appropriate means of application. For example, compositions can be administered by spraying, fogging, misting, exposure to aerosols, wiping with a wet or saturated cloth or towlette, drenching, immersing.
[0053] The invention further provides a method for reducing the number of mold spores on a surface. The method comprises contacting the mold spores with the composition comprising hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), orange terpene oil, orange valencia oil, a non-ionic emulsifier (e.g. polysorbate 80), and distilled or deionized water (H.sub.2O). Any mold can be treated using methods of the invention.
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EXAMPLES
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Example I
Efficacy
Methods
[0054] The germicidal spray composition comprising 60% distilled water, 10% polysorbate 80, 5% orange valencia oil, 10% orange terpene oil, and 15% of a 35% Hydrogen peroxide solution was tested for its ability to kill Salmonella cholerasuis, Staphylococcus aureaus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Listeria monocytogenes. Three lots were tested, one being at least greater than 60 days old.
[0055] The analysis was performed per "Germicidal Spray Test", AOAC 17.sup.th edition, 6.3.03, versus Salmonella cholerasuis ATCC 10708, Staphylococcus aureaus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Streptococcus pneumonia ATCC 49619, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19113. Testing was performed as required by the EPA FIFRA. The AOAC procedure used in this study is a widely known and accepted method for disinfectant evaluation.
[0056] Microorganisms were grown for 48 h in nutrient broth. Glass slides were then inoculated with the grown culture and the inoculated slides were subsequently exposed to the germicidal spray for 10 minutes (60 microorganism inoculated slides/lot/microorganism were tested). After exposure to the disinfectant, slides were used as inoculates in leethen media and microorganism growth determined. Positive, negative and inhibition controls were performed.
Results
[0057] All organisms tested were found to be susceptible to the disinfectant. Absolutely no growth was observed in media that was inoculated with the organism slides which were exposed to disinfectant. Controls included uninoculated containers of leethen broth (media controls) and sterile uninoculated glass slides (negative control), there was no growth; Glass slides inoculated with organism and a sterile glass slide immersed in test disinfectant (inhibition control), there was no growth which indicates that the letheen broth neutralizes the disinfectant; Glass slide inoculated with organism (viability control), there was growth; and Glass slide inoculated with organism (enumerated), >10.sup.6 cfu.
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Example II
EPA Acute Oral Toxicity
Methods
[0058] The germicidal spray composition comprising 60% distilled water, 10% polysorbate 80, 5% orange valencia oil, 10% orange terpene oil, and 15% of a 35% Hydrogen peroxide was tested for toxicity according to protocol number X5D050G, which incorporates by reference Northview Standard Operating Procedure 16D-05 and is on file in Northview Pacific Laboratories, Inc. No amendments were made to the protocol.
[0059] A limit screen test was performed using three female Sprague-Dawley rats, which received an oral limit Dose of 50000 mg/kg of the test article. The animals were observed for mortality, weight change and toxic signs for a two week period. Animals were observed daily and weighed on days 7 and 14.
[0060] Animal preparation. The animals were fasted overnight before dose administration. During fasting they continued to receive water ad libitum. Food was withheld until four hours after dosing in order to facilitate gastrointestinal absorption of the test article.
[0061] Sample preparation. The density of the test article was 1 g/ml and shaken before use.
[0062] Dosing procedure. The dose was administered by means of a gavage needle attached to a hypodermic syringe. The test animals received a 5 mL/kg solution containing the test article. Three rats were dosed on the first day of dosing. Because all three rats survived no further testing was required.
Results
[0063] A single oral administration of germicidal spry product at a limit dose of 5000 mg/kg produced no mortalities. The clinical observations are summarized in FIG. 1. All animals gained weight during the test period and no abnormalities upon necropsy were observed.
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Example III
EPA Primary Eye Irritation Test
Method
[0064] The germicidal spray composition comprising 60% distilled water, 10% polysorbate 80, 5% orange valencia oil, 10% orange terpene oil, and 15% of a 35% Hydrogen peroxide was tested for toxicity according to protocol number X5D051G, which incorporates by reference Northview Standard Operating Procedure 16D-08 and is on file in Northview Pacific Laboratories, Inc. No amendments were made to the protocol.
[0065] Six New Zeland Rabbits were used. On the day prior to dosing the rabbits eyes were examined using flourescein sodium opthamalic strips and ultraviolet light. Only rabbits without eye defects or irritation were used. A 100 ul volume of test material was introduced into the conjuctival sac of the right eye of each rabbit. The left eye remained untreated. The treated eye was washed out with physiological saline 24 hours after dosing.
[0066] The eyes were examined and graded for ocular reaction at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours after application of the test substance for corneal ulceration or opacity, inflammation of the iris, or redness and chemosis of the conjunctivae. The results are interpreted according to the Kay and Calandra Method (Kay J. H. & Calandra, J. C., "Interpretation of eye irritation tests", Journal of society of cosmetic chemists, 13:281-289, 1962).
Results
[0067] Based on the Kay and Calandra method of classifying eye irritation properties, the test article was determined to be moderately irritating to eyes of New Zeland Rabbits.
[0068] All animals remained healthy throughout the study period. The primary eye irritation scores are shown in FIG. 2. A table indicating the scale for scoring the ocular lesions can be found in FIG. 3. There was significant irritation in all 3 animals beginning at the 1 hour scoring and continuing through the 96 hour scoring. The scores all went back to "0", normal scoring, by the 7-day scoring.
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Example IV
EPA Primary Dermal Irritation Test
Method
[0069] The germicidal spray composition comprising 60% distilled water, 10% polysorbate 80, 5% orange valencia oil, 10% orange terpene oil, and 15% of a 35% Hydrogen peroxide was tested for toxicity according to protocol number X5D052G, which incorporates by reference Northview Standard Operating Procedure 16D-07 and is on file in Northview Pacific Laboratories, Inc. No amendments were made to the protocol.
[0070] Three New Zealand White rabbits were used. One day prior to dosing, the hair on each animal's back was removed with clippers. A one inch square gauze patch containing a 0.5 mL volume of the test article was applied to the shaved skin on each animal. The patch was held in place with surgical tape. After application the trunk of each animal was wrapped with gauze to prevent the animal from disturbing the test patch. During an exposure period of 4 hours, the animal was not restrained in any way. After the exposure period, the patch was removed and test article residues were gently rinsed off with a non-irritating solvent, water. The dosing sites were re-examined and scored 30-60 minutes, 24, 48, and 72 hours after unwrapping. Additional scores were recorded 7 and 14 days after unwrapping to determine the time course of resolution for any irritation that persisted.
[0071] The animals were observed for mortality, signs of ill health, or reaction to treatment.
Results
[0072] Signs of edema, erythema, and or eschar formation were scored for each animal according to the criteria in FIG. 4. The individual scores for edema and erythema are shown in FIG. 5. On the day of patch removal, all three animals exhibited slight erythema (score of 1) at the 30-60 minute scoring and one animal (38383) had slight erythema to the 48 hour scoring. There were no irritation responses observed at the 72 hour observation for any of the animals. All animals remained healthy throughout the study period. The test article was slightly irritating to the skin of three test animals.
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Example V
Virucidal Efficacy of the Composition of the Invention
Method
[0073] The germicidal spray composition comprising 60% distilled water, 10% polysorbate 80, 5% orange valencia oil, 10% orange terpene oil, and 15% of a 35% Hydrogen peroxide was tested for virucidal efficacy. MICROBIOTEST INC. (the microbiology and virology laboratory 105 Carpenter Drive, Sterling, Va. 20164) performed the tests from Feb. 10, 2005 to Feb. 18, 2005 and all raw data, protocol, protocol modifications, test material records, and the final report, are stored in the archives at MICROBIOTEST INC. (105 Carpenter Drive, Sterling, Va. 20164) or at a controlled facility offsite. The Virucidal Efficacy test was performed as detailed in the following protocol from MICROBIOTEST INC.:
Protocol for Virucidal Efficacy Test
[0074] Test conditions: Challenge virus: Avian Influenza A virus, Turkey /Wis/66 strain (H9N2), Charles River Laboratories; Host: Embryonated chicken eggs, B&E Eggs; Active ingredient in test product: Hydrogen peroxide; Neutralizer used: Earle's Balanced Salt Solution containing 0.3% Thioglycolic acid and 0.1% Catalase; Contact time: 10 minutes; Contact temperature: Ambient room temperature (22.degree. C.); Dilution: Ready to use as received; Media and reagents:Earle's Balanced Salt Solution, Earle's Balanced Salt Solution containing 0.3% Thioglycolic acid and 0.1% Catalase, Sephacryl S-1000, Chicken red blood cells, Phosphate Buffered Saline containing 0.5% fetal bovine serum, Phosphate Buffered Saline
[0075] Objective: The test is designed to substantiate virucidal effectiveness claims for a product to be labeled as a virucide. It determines the potential of the test agent to disinfect hard surfaces contaminated with viruses. The test is designed to stimulate consumer use and conforms to EPA Guidelines DIS/TSS-7, November 1981, and follows the procedure outlined in the American Society for Test Materials (ASTM) test method designated E 1053-97.
[0076] Testing conditions: Virus will be dried on a sterile glass Petri dish at ambient temperature. Test agents specified by the sponsor in the miscellaneous section of the protocol will be used to treat the dried virus according to the label claims. After a defined exposure period, the neutralized test agent-virus mixture will be scraped from the surface, neutralized and assayed for the presence of infectious virus.
[0077] Materials: Test, control and reference substances will be supplied by the sponsor of the study. The test agent will be tested as supplied by the sponsor unless directed otherwise. All operations performed on the test agent such as dilution or specialized storage conditions must be specified by the sponsor before initiation of testing. The sponsor assures MICROBIOTEST testing facility management that the test agent has been appropriately tested for identity, strength, purity, stability, and uniformity as applicable. MICROBIOTEST will retain all unused test agents for a period of at least three months after completion of the test, then return them to the sponsor of the study or discard them in a manner that meets the approval of the safety officer.
[0078] Materials supplied by MICROBIOTEST, including, but not limited to: 1) Challenge virus (requested by the sponsor of the study): Avian Influenza virus. 2) Host: Embryonated chicken eggs. 3) Laboratory equipment and supplies. 4) Media and reagents: Media and reagents relevant to the virus-host system and test agent being tested will be documented in the first project sheet and/or the data pack.
[0079] Test system identification: All Petri dishes, dilution tube racks, and host-containing apparatus will be labeled with virus identification and project number.
[0080] Experimental design: Procedures involved in performance of virucidal studies are described a series of SOPs and logs that are maintained at MICROBIOTEST. The procedures used in different phases of the study will be documented in the data pack.
[0081] Inoculum preparation: Viral stocks are purchased from reputable sources that identify them by scientifically accepted methods and are propagated at MICROBIOTEST. Records are maintained that demonstrate the origin of the virus. The virus stocks are stored at an ultra-low temperature. Frozen viral stocks will be thawed on the day of the test (fresh stock cultures may be used at the discretion of the Study Director).
[0082] Carrier preparation: An aliquot of 0.2 mL of stock virus will be spread, with a cell scraper, over an area of approximately 4 in.sup.2 that has been marked on the underside of pre-sterilized Petri dishes. The virus will be allowed to dry for 30 to 60 minutes at room temperature. The drying time and temperature will be recorded. One carrier will be prepared for each test agent and the plate recovery control. One plate will be prepared for the neutralizer effectiveness control using an appropriate medium.
[0083] Test agent preparation: The agent will be prepared according to the sponsor's directions or proposed label claims.
[0084] Test: After the carrier(s) are properly prepared, 2.0 mL of the test agent will be added. The plates will remain at the temperature and for the time specified by the sponsor. Following the contact period, the test agent will be neutralized with 2.0 mL of the appropriate neutralizing solution and the mixture will be scraped from the surface of the dish with a cell scraper. This will be considered approximately a one log.sub.10 dilution. If columns are used, each sample will be loaded into separate pre-spun Sephacryl columns. Following passage through columns, the eluate will be removed aseptically and serially diluted. If columns are not used, serial dilutions of neutralized virus-test agent mixture will be prepared in using an appropriate diluent. For spray type agents, the agent will be used as the sponsor directs, the volume dispensed will be measured and an equal volume of neutralizer will be used. Following the contact time, the procedure for processing the samples will be the same as described earlier.
[0085] Viral host culture: Two-tenths mL of selected dilutions of the neutralized inoculum/disinfectant mixture will be inoculated intra-allantoically in embryonic eggs and incubated for 5-7 days at 37.+-.2C. Four determinations will be recorded for each dilution of both tests and controls. The eggs will be candled one-day post-inoculation of test and control samples. All dead embryos will be discarded and the data will be recorded. Following completion of the incubation period, the eggs will be candled and then kept at 2.+-.2 C overnight. Afterwards, the allantoic fluid will be harvested and kept at 2.+-.2 C until assay. The samples will be assayed for the presence of replicating virus using hemagglutination assay following SOP 1006.11 (current version) and the results will be recorded.
Controls
[0086] Neutralizer effectiveness (NE): This control will determine if residual active ingredient is present after neutralization. One lot of the test agent will be used for the neutralizer effectiveness control. This control will be processed exactly as the test procedure but instead of viral inoculum, appropriate media will be added. Post neutralization, a 1.0-mL sample will be divided into three portions, using two for toxicity-related controls and the other for neutralizer effectiveness. A 0.5 mL sample will be serially diluted, after which 100 .mu.L of diluted virus will be added to each dilution and held for a period greater than or equal to the contact time. Then these samples will be used to inoculate host embryos as described for the test procedure.
[0087] Toxicity (TX): The toxicity sample, acquired from the neutralizer effectiveness control, will be diluted and have no virus added. Selected dilutions will be inoculated into the host and incubated in the same manner as the rest of the test and control samples. These effects are distinct from virus-specific cytopathic effects, which will be evident in the stock titer and plate recovery control cultures.
[0088] Toxicity-related viral interference control: The test agent may not be effective against the challenge virus yet be toxic to the host employed to detect its infectivity and may inhibit accurate interpretation of the test. To determine the possibility of such interference by residual toxic molecules, host treated with serially diluted neutralized test agent will be infected with a known number of infectious virions. Post-incubation they will be scored and compared with non-treated infected host cells control. This will rule out any possibility of toxicity-related viral interference remaining in the neutralized test agent post-contact time.
[0089] Plate recovery (PRC): The carrier used will be prepared as the test. A volume of an appropriate media equivalent to that of the test agent will be added to the dried virus. Post contact time this sample will be treated as the test. This control will determine the relative loss in virus infectivity resulting from drying and neutralization alone. The results from this control will be compared with the test results to confirm recovery of at least four log.sub.10 of infectious virus following drying and neutralization. This titer will be compared with the titers of the test results to reach the acceptable test criteria. When samples are required to pass through the Sephacryl columns, a column titer control (CTC) will be performed by assaying a portion of PRC before passing through the columns to determine the effect on infectious virus titer after passage through the columns.
[0090] Column titer control (CTC): This control will be performed to determine any effects the columns may have on infectious virus titer. It will only be performed if columns are used in the study. The sample for this control will be acquired from a portion of the PRC, prior to passing through the columns, and will be serially diluted in an appropriate media. It will then be processed in the same manner as the test.
[0091] Virus stock titer (VST): In order to verify the virus stock titer, al aliquot of the virus inoculum will be serially diluted in an appropriate media and processed, as well as assayed as described for the test.
[0092] (HVC) Eggs For Clarification: Four eggs will be inoculated with an appropriate media during the incubation phase of the study. This control will demonstrate that cells remain viable throughout the course of the assay period. In addition, it will confirm the sterility of the media employed throughout the assay period.
[0093] Calculation: The 50% embryo infectious/lethal dose per mL (EID/ELD.sub.50/mL) will be determined using the method of Reed and Muench, Am. J. of Hyg. 1938, 27:493. The test results will be reported as the reduction of the virus titer due to treatment with test agent expressed as log.sub.10.
[0094] Product evaluation criteria: According to the regulatory agencies, the test agent passes the test if there is complete inactivation of the virus at all dilutions. When toxicity is evident, at least a three-log reduction in titer must be demonstrated beyond the toxic level. Test acceptance criteria: The test will be acceptable for evaluation of the test results if the criteria listed below are satisfied. The study director may consider other causes that may affect test reliability and acceptance, a) The infectious virus recovered from the PRC control must be .gtoreq.4-log.sub.10. b) Viral-induced toxicity must be distinguishable from test agent induced toxic effects.
Results
[0095] Results are presented in FIGS. 6-7. Avian Influenza virus was exposed to the germicidal spray composition for 10 minutes at ambient room temperature (22.degree. C.). The germicidal spray inactivated Avian Influenza virus (FIG. 6), as no virus was detected after exposure. All controls met the criteria for a valid test (FIG. 7a-c). Virus was not recovered in the host viability control (FIG. 7c) confirming media sterility and host viability.
[0096] All references described herein are incorporated herein by reference.
END
I would expect 3Q numbers to release mid-August with a moderate to substantial increase in revenues. 4Q numbers, which we probably won't see until mid-Decemeber, will definetly show a large increase in revenues over Q3. Barring any news I wouldn't expect any upward movement in the stock until we get closer to the beginning of August.
So far this year the overall market has not been good but the microcap market has been especially brutal even for stocks further along the revenue and profit path than Amish Naturals.
From the looks of the chart it apears word leaked out to someone around June 20th almost two weeks before it was announced to the public.