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Finding Your Investing Comfort Zone
To participate in the financial markets , both short-term traders and longer-term investors need to be comfortable about their holdings and their specific portfolios. In other words, if a certain position leaves you with a sense of uneasiness or the inability to sleep at night, it is not for you! Knowing the boundaries of your personal comfort zone makes it easier to maintain a portfolio that contains only suitable positions. So how do you find and establish these boundaries? Read on to find out.
Why Should I Be Comfortable?
Establishing a comfort zone is particularly important for a number of reasons:
• An uncomfortable trader or investor may allow emotions to take control of trading decisions.
•
Those who are too complacent may ignore risk.
• Determining a comfort zone helps you avoid borderline trades that usually turn out poorly.
• It helps you recognize when risk has increased.
• It encourages you to take profits when very little profit potential remains.
• It minimizes the possibility that youll be forced to make difficult decisions under pressure. Being comfortable with your positions means that high pressure situations should occur rarely.Settling Into Your Comfort Zone
Being in the comfort zone means owning a portfolio that contains only suitable, well-researched and understandable holdings.
Arriving at this type of portfolio involves going over your holdings yearly and deciding whether the reasons that you bought the stock still apply. For the stocks that dont make the cut, sell those positions, even if it results in a loss. Technically, the loss has already occurred and, except for tax reasons, turning it from a paper loss to one that is realized makes no difference. Once youve done this, you can put your money to work where you believe it will increase in value.
When choosing new stocks for you portfolio, remember that not every investment tip is a winner. In fact, its best to ignore all tips and conduct your own research.
Long-Term Investor or Trader?
Despite the inconsistency of the markets, the vast majority of investors choose to adopt a long-only approach by purchasing stocks, bonds, real estate, collectibles, etc. If you have good stock and investment selection skills, this method will do well over time. If you dont, and prefer to manage your own portfolio, different skills are required. For example, it may be worthwhile to learn how options work and how you can use them to hedge risk in stock portfolios .
At the same time, long-term investors must understand when a position is no longer suitable, either because it has run up in price very quickly, or the company is not expected to perform well in the future. You should work hard at mastering this skill - the time to recognize that some positions are too risky to hold is before disaster strikes.
The way you decide to invest in the market will determine your comfort zone. Day traders hold positions for a very short time. Swing traders hold longer, but by no means do they attempt to make long-term trades. And then there are the investors who have no specified holding period - and for many, that means they expect to hold for years. Which category you fall into will affect your comfort zone. For example, the day trader doesnt worry about sleeping well because positions are not held overnight, and the long-term investor is less concerned with timing. The one characteristic these trades should have in common is suitability for the investor, who must find both the risk and reward potential of any position acceptable.
Becoming a full-time trader is a goal for many individual investors, who see it as a glamorous road to riches, but these perceptions are false. As with any other profession, it takes education, practice, skill and discipline to succeed. In the same way that not everyone can become a professional athlete or movie star, the simple truth is that not everyone can be a full-time trader. Keep this in mind when thinking about your comfort zone - if you dont succeed in making profits as a trader, you probably wont be very comfortable.
Trading Within a Comfort Zone
Both long-term investors and traders must make important decisions. Among the questions to consider are:
• Is this a good entry point?
•
Is this an appropriate time to invest?
• Is the security fairly priced?
• How much profit do I expect to earn?
• How much capital is at risk?
• Is it possible this trade can result in a margin call?
• Whats the probability of earning a profit?Summary
Its important to invest or trade so that you are comfortable with the nature of your holdings - and thats especially true when it comes to understanding both risk and reward. Once you find your comfort zone, staying within it will help you make better investment decisions. If a security doesnt fall within the parameters of your comfort zone, its not a good investment for you.
A break above resistance shows a new willingness to buy and/or a lack of incentive to sell.
The real-time dissemination of quote information provides price transparency, which leads to a more efficient investment/trading process. The dissemination of price information and company financial data to the investment community (including individuals) leads to the development of new prices via trading decisions. This continuous flow of information between participants defines the OTC market and all market places.
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Forces That Move Stock Prices
Have you ever wondered about what factors affect a stocks price? Stock prices are determined in the marketplace, where seller supply meets buyer demand. But unfortunately, there is no clean equation that tells us exactly how a stock price will behave. That said, we do know a few things about the forces that move a stock up or down. These forces fall into three categories: fundamental factors, technical factors and market sentiment.
Fundamental Factors
In an efficient market, stock prices would be determined primarily by fundamentals, which, at the basic level, refer to a combination of two things: 1) An earnings base (earings per share (EPS), for example) and 2) a valuation multiple (a P/E ratio, for example).
An owner of a common stock has a claim on earnings, and earnings per share (EPS) is the owners return on his or her investment. When you buy a stock , you are purchasing a proportional share of an entire future stream of earnings. Thats the reason for the valuation multiple: it is the price you are willing to pay for the future stream of earnings.
Part of these earnings may be distributed as dividends, while the remainder will be retained by the company (on your behalf) for reinvestment. We can think of the future earnings stream as a function of both the current level of earnings and the expected growth in this earnings base.
As shown in the diagram, the valuation multiple (P/E), or the stock price as some multiple of EPS, is a way of representing the discounted present value of the anticipated future earnings stream.
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About the Earnings Base
Although we are using EPS, an accounting measure, to illustrate the concept of earnings base, there are other measures of earnings power . Many argue that cash-flow based measures are superior. For example, free cash flow per share is used as an alternative measure of earnings power.
The way earnings power is measured may also depend on the type of company being analyzed. Many industries have their own tailored metrics. Real estate investment trusts (REITs), for example, use a special measure of earnings power called funds from operations (FFO). Relatively mature companies are often measured by dividends per share, which represents what the shareholder actually receives.
About the Valuation Multiple
The valuation multiple expresses expectations about the future. As we already explained, it is fundamentally based on the discounted present value of the future earnings stream. Therefore, the two key factors here are 1) the expected growth in the earnings base, and 2) the discount rate, which is used to calculate the present value of the future stream of earnings. A higher growth rate will earn the stock a higher multiple, but a higher discount rate will earn a lower multiple.
What determines the discount rate? First, it is a function of perceived risk. A riskier stock earns a higher discount rate, which in turn earns a lower multiple. Second, it is a function of inflation (or interest rates, arguably). Higher inflation earns a higher discount rate, which earns a lower multiple (meaning the future earnings are worth less in inflationary environments).
In summary, the key fundamental factors are:
• The level of the earnings base (represented by measures such as EPS, cash flow per share, dividends per share)
• The expected growth in the earnings base
• The discount rate, which is itself a function of inflation
• The perceived risk of the stock.
Technical Factors
Things would be easier if only fundamental factors set stock prices! Technical factors are the mix of external conditions that alter the supply of and demand for a companys stock. Some of these indirectly affect fundamentals. (For example, economic growth indirectly contributes to earnings growth.) Technical factors include the following:
• Inflation - We mentioned inflation as an input into the valuation multiple, but inflation is a huge driver from a technical perspective as well. Historically, low inflation has had a strong inverse correlation with valuations (low inflation drives high multiples and high inflation drives low multiples). Deflation, on the other hand, is generally bad for stocks because it signifies a loss in pricing power for companies.
• Economic Strength of Market and Peers - Company stocks tend to track with the market and with their sector or industry peers. Some prominent investment firms argue that the combination of overall market and sector movements - as opposed to a companys individual performance - determines a majority of a stocks movement. (There has been research cited that suggests the economic/market factors account for 90%!) For example, a suddenly negative outlook for one retail stock often hurts other retail stocks as guilt by association drags down demand for the whole sector.
• Substitutes - Companies compete for investment dollars with other asset classes on a global stage. These include corporate bonds, government bonds, commodities, real estate and foreign equities. The relation between demand for U.S. equities and their substitutes is hard to figure, but it plays an important role.
• Incidental Transactions - Incidental transactions are purchases or sales of a stock that are motivated by something other than belief in the intrinsic value of the stock. These transactions include executive insider transactions, which are often prescheduled or driven by portfolio objectives. Another example is an institution buying or shorting a stock to hedge some other investment. Although these transactions may not represent official votes cast for or against the stock, they do impact supply and demand and therefore can move the price.
• Demographics - Some important research has been done about the demographics of investors. Much of it concerns these two dynamics: 1) middle-aged investors, who are peak earners that tend to invest in the stock market , and 2) older investors who tend to pull out of the market in order to meet the demands of retirement. The hypothesis is that the greater the proportion of middle-aged investors among the investing population, the greater the demand for equities and the higher the valuation multiples.
• Trends - Often a stock simply moves according to a short-term trend. On the one hand, a stock that is moving up can gather momentum, as success breeds success and popularity buoys the stock higher. On the other hand, a stock sometimes behaves the opposite way in a trend and does what is called reverting to the mean. Unfortunately, because trends cut both ways and are more obvious in hindsight, knowing that stocks are trendy does not help us predict the future. (Note: trends could also be classified under market sentiment.)
• Liquidity - Liquidity is an important and sometimes under-appreciated factor. It refers to how much investor interest and attention a specific stock has. Wal-Marts stock is highly liquid and therefore highly responsive to material news; the average small-cap company is less so. Trading volume is not only a proxy for liquidity, but it is also a function of corporate communications (that is, the degree to which the company is getting attention from the investor community). Large-cap stocks have high liquidity: they are well followed and heavily transacted. Many small-cap stocks suffer from an almost permanent liquidity discount because they simply are not on investors radar screens.
Market Sentiment
Market sentiment refers to the psychology of market participants, individually and collectively. This is perhaps the most vexing category because we know it matters critically, but we are only beginning to understand it. Market sentiment is often subjective, biased and obstinate. For example, you can make a solid judgment about a stocks future growth prospects, and the future may even confirm your projections, but in the meantime the market may myopically dwell on a single piece of news that keeps the stock artificially high or low. And you can sometimes wait a long time in the hope that other investors will notice the fundamentals.
Market sentiment is being explored by the relatively new field of behavioral finance. It starts with the assumption that markets are apparently not efficient much of the time, and this inefficiency can be explained by psychology and other social sciences. The idea of applying social science to finance was fully legitimized when Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist, won the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. (He was the first psychologist to do so.) Many of the ideas in behavioral finance confirm observable suspicions: that investors tend to overemphasize data that come easily to mind; that many investors react with greater pain to losses than with pleasure to equivalent gains; and that investors tend to persist in a mistake.
Some investors claim to be able to capitalize on the theory of behavioral finance. For the majority, however, the field is new enough to serve as the catch-all category, where everything we cannot explain is deposited.
Summary
Different types of investors depend on different factors. Short-term investors and traders tend to incorporate and may even prioritize technical factors. Long-term investors prioritize fundamentals and recognize that technical factors play an important role. Investors who believe strongly in fundamentals can reconcile themselves to technical forces with the following popular argument: technical factors and market sentiment often overwhelm the short run, but fundamentals will set the stock price in the long-run. In the meantime, we can expect more exciting developments in the area of behavioral finance since traditional financial theories cannot seem to explain everything that happens in the market.
As new information becomes available, the market assimilates the information by adjusting the security's price up (buying) and down (selling).
Characteristic of some advance fee fraud solicitations and other fraudulent schemes to deceive and defraud unwary investors is the use of websites and e-mail addresses ending in “.us” or “.org” and containing “.gov” as part of the domain address. We are not aware of any U.S. government agency that has a website or e-mail address that ENDS in anything other than “.gov”, “.mil”, or “fed.us”. Accordingly, investors should beware any website or correspondence purporting to be from a U.S. government agency bearing an e-mail address that does not end in “.gov”, “.mil”, or “fed.us”.
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A Brief History Of Exchange-Traded Funds
In less than 20 years, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have become one of the most popular investment vehicles for both institutional and individual investors. Often promoted as cheaper, and better, than mutual funds, ETFs offer low-cost diversification, trading and arbitrage options for investors. Now with over $1 trillion assets under management, new ETF launches number from several dozen to hundreds, in any particular year. ETFs are so popular that many brokerages offer free trading in a limited number of ETFs to their customers. (For related reading, see Introduction To Exchange-Traded Funds.)
Beginning at the Beginning
The idea of index investing goes back quite a while; trusts or closed-end funds were occasionally created with the idea of giving investors the opportunity to invest in a particular type of asset. None of these really resembled what we now call ETFs, though.
The first real attempt at something like an ETF was the launch of Index Participation Shares for the S
OTC Markets cooperates fully with securities regulators and those regulators are continually working to combat fraud; however, it is not possible to eradicate fraud from the markets. Accordingly, you must be very cautious when making a decision to invest in an OTC security.
What is More Important than Why
In his book, The Psychology of Technical Analysis, Tony Plummer paraphrases Oscar Wilde by stating, "A technical analyst knows the price of everything, but the value of nothing". Technicians, as technical analysts are called, are only concerned with two things:
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Signs That It Might Be Time To Sell
As a novice investor youre likely to focus most of your time on what to buy and when. Being a successful investor is as much about knowing when to sell as when to buy. But how do you know when its time to sell? What are the best reasons to liquidate a holding? Here are a few important basic principles about why and when you should let go of part of your portfolio. (Check out Signs A Stock Is Ready To Slide for more.)
Significant Corporate Structural Problems or Concerns
Every company is going to have peaks and valleys. However, if one of your investments has underlying structural problems, it may indicate that it doesnt have the business legs to go the distance. Pay close attention to news about a high turnover rate of its executive staff or Board of Directors, excessive executive compensation (particularly in light of mediocre or poor corporate earnings), questionable corporate ethics, etc. In addition, any company with long-standing, aging leadership should have a clear succession plan in place.
Unexplained Executive Stock Sell-Off
Corporate executives often receive large blocks of stock and/or stock options as part of their compensation package. Periodically they may choose to sell a portion for various personal reasons (i.e. a desire to diversify). However, when several executives at a company sell large blocks of stock it could indicate a lack of confidence in their own company. You can learn what a companys leaders are doing with their stock (if theyre buying or selling) because they are required to file Form 4 with the SEC, which you can research by using the SECs online Edgar database. If theyre selling it might be a sign for you to do the same.
Cutting or Canceling Dividends
While a companys decision to cut its dividends doesnt necessarily spell stock price doom, it can raise a red flag. Cutting or canceling stock dividend payouts is a move to conserve cash. The important question is why? For example, a company could anticipate needing cash if credit becomes tight during a difficulty economy (i.e. a recession) and choose to cut dividends accordingly. Or it could be a means of preserving cash needed to finance the acquisition of a competitor. However, it could mean that the company has mounting debt that it needs to repay or that its simply too low on cash to pay out dividends. Do a little digging to learn if the announcement indicates that its the time to sell.
Inexplicable High P/E Ratio Compared To Competitors
The P/E ratio is a companys stock price compared to its earnings. If a company has an inexplicably higher P/E ratio than its competitors, it means that its stock costs more but is generating the same earnings as lower-priced shares at firms operating in the same market. Companies may have overpriced stock due to investor enthusiasm, and without accompanying earnings results over time, it will unfortunately have no place to go but down. An inexplicably high P/E ratio might indicate that its time to sell and reinvest with a competitor that has a lower P/E ratio.
Sustained Decline in Corporate Earnings
Corporate earnings are an important piece of the puzzle known as stock valuation . If earnings are down - and particularly if they stay down - the stock price tends to follow. Youll want to know that little tidbit before you hold on to your investment too long.
Falling Operating Cash Flow Compared to Net Income
Operating cash flow is the amount of cash a company has coming in and how much it pays out within a specific amount of time. Net income is a companys bottom line profit or loss. While a business may be able to show a positive net income on paper, that profit may be in accounts receivable (AR) and the company could be cash-poor. Without adequate cash it may have to assume debt for financing operations. Debt means the company is paying interest just to operate, and without cash to fund day-to-day obligations, the riskier the companys long-term viability becomes. Watch these two variables to know when it might be time to pull out. (To learn more, see Operating Cash Flow: Better Than Net Income?)
Falling Gross and Operating Margins
Margin is the amount of profit a company makes on a sale. Gross margin is a companys profit on sales before factoring in all costs, such as interest and taxes. If a companys gross margin is falling, that could mean that the company is slashing prices (due to increased competition) or that cost of production is rising and the company cant increase prices to offset it.
A companys operating margin is the companys estimated profit after subtracting costs. Falling operating margin means the company is spending more money than it is making. A combination of sustained falling gross and operating margins may mean the company is having a difficult time of managing costs and/or its product price point. Either way it could mean that its time to sell.
High Debt-to-Equity Ratio
A high debt-to-equity ratio means that a company is carrying significantly more debt than it has in shareholder investment. If the ratio is greater than one, the company is operating more on the basis of debt than equity. Its important to know the generally acceptable debt-to-equity ratio for companies within an industry before you respond to a high number by dumping a stock. However, if the ratio continues to climb over time without explanation - and especially if the ratio is excessively high beyond either competitor or industry standards - it might be a signal to sell.
Sustained Increase in Corporate Receivables Compared to Sales
A companys accounts receivables is how much it has billed out and is waiting to be paid. There are a few reasons that receivables begin to climb:
• Clients/customers are in a cash crunch and are taking longer to pay their bills than in the past
• A company is falling behind in getting bills out
• A company has chosen to extend its payment due dates to accommodate customers financial strain or as a financial benefit to entice customer sales and/or loyalty
You can gauge a companys receivables compared to sales by reviewing its quarterly income statement and comparing the receivables (balance sheet) ratio to sales (income). Always compare numbers during the same period (i.e. a certain month or quarter) from one year to the next. If the company has sustained prolonged payment delays it could begin to erode its stock price.
Significant Market Shrinkage Or Product Commoditization
If a company holds a small percentage of its market and that overall market shrinks, it will need to quickly adapt to the new market fundamentals and innovate to establish a stronger position. If a companys competitors have quickly replicated its product and driven down the cost, the game has changed. If its not the lowest-cost producer or it doesnt have significant brand strength to charge higher prices for a product (i.e. Starbucks for coffee), it will need to respond quickly. Pay attention to the market trends for the companies in your portfolio and make sure that they have strong, effective responses to market shrinkage or product commoditization or your investment is ultimately what will shrink in value.
Hostile M
Semi-log scales are useful when the price has moved significantly, be it over a short or extended time frame.
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From a trading perspective, liquidity is the ability of a security to be bought or sold without causing a significant movement in the price of the security. Liquid securities may be bought and sold in large numbers without a dramatic movement in the price of the security.
Peter Lynch On Playing The Market
Even though the reality of investing is often extremely disappointing or worse, the literature in the field can be outstanding. There is no shortage of excellent books, or of journalistic and academic writing. In this article, well take a look at Peter Lynchs One Up on Wall Street and get an overview of the kind of timeless advice that he provides. (For more, see Pick Stocks Like Peter Lynch.)
Tutorial: Stock Picking Strategies
Market Timing and Daring to be Different
Lynch sums up issues on market timing beautifully. His basic idea is that, not only is it difficult to predict the markets, but small investors can be both pessimistic and optimistic at all the wrong times. Basically, it can be self-defeating to try to invest in good markets and get out of bad ones. Thats not to imply that the small investor doesnt know what theyre doing, but rather that accurate market timing, especially in the short run, is unlikely. The critical point is that you dont have to be able to predict the stock market to make money with it.
Some of the best and most successful professional traders have an uncanny ability to sniff out really good stocks, before they become trendy and overpriced. According to Lynch, this is because the risks of the stock market can be reduced by proper play, just like the risks of stud poker.
Overheated Markets
What Lynch makes clear is that there are bad times to buy. This is not market timing, it is simply true that sometimes the market is dangerously high and at other times, way too low; for buyers, this can be appealingly low. Although, according to him, there is no absolute division between safe and rash places to invest, experts, or just ordinary, sensible people who take the trouble to find out, can find reliable signs of where they should be investing. When people are getting greedy, excessively risk-friendly, and are taking too many chances, the market should be avoided, or exposure to it at least reduced. (To learn more, see our Market Crashes Tutorial.)
Nothing, says Lynch, is more dangerous than extremely overpriced stocks, and it is possible to know when this is the case. There is nothing intrinsically wrong with the stocks of good companies; what is wrong is the way people invest. This can apply just as much to so-called professionals, as to the investor on the street. Likewise, for people who just do not have the time horizon for stocks, even buying blue chips would be too risky. Lynch stresses that it is important to remember that the market, like individual stocks, can move in the opposite direction of the fundamentals. If stocks, or more likely, too much of your money in them, are unsuitable for your needs and appetite for risk, dont even think about it. Diversification is the essence of sensible investing. (To learn more, see The Importance Of Diversification.)
What Most Brokers Really Do and Dont
If you are a small investor, dont expect too much attention from the industry. Lynch warns that theres an unwritten rule in the industry that, the bigger the client, the more talking the portfolio manager has to do to please him. If you are a small fish, he may not bother much at all, just leaving the money at the mercy of the market.
Its an ugly reality that most brokers just do not have the guts to buy into unknown companies. Believe it or not, the average Wall Street professional isnt looking for reasons to buy exciting stocks, and when these companies rocket up, the broker will have all manner of excuses for not having bought.
How to Do It
Lynch explains that the next investment is never like the last one and yet we cant help readying ourselves for it anyway. The economy and markets evolve in a mixture of the unpredictable and the predictable. We cannot know how the future will unfold, but we can still invest prudently and make money. The significance of this simple fact cannot be overemphasized. The trick is to buy great companies, especially those that are undervalued and/or underappreciated. Alternatively, if you pick the right stock the market will take care of itself.
There are some common characteristics of companies that should be avoided like the plague. By using such methods as cash, debt, price to earnings ratios, profit margins, book value and dividends, you can get a pretty good idea about whether a company is worth buying into.
Its also a good idea to keep checking; after all, sooner or later every popular, fast-growing industry becomes a slow-growing industry. There is a tendency to think things will never change, and while you may always want to keep some stalwarts in your portfolio, these, too, need to be monitored. (For more, see Fundamental Analysis For Traders.)
Other Classic Blunders and Seriously Dangerous Delusions
Apart from all the above, Lynch teaches that there are many disastrous things that many people think, and do, again and again, but which can easily be avoided. You dont need to time the market to believe that if its gone down so much already, it cant get much lower. By the same token, people who think they can always tell when a stock has hit the bottom, are themselves going to get hit.
In the same vein, do not believe that stocks always come back or that conservative stocks dont fluctuate much. Similarly, believing that when the stock goes up youre right, or when its down, youre wrong, can cost you a lot of money.
The Bottom Line
Lynch summarizes his book with some succinct advice: It is inevitable that there will be sharp declines in the market that present buying opportunities. To come out ahead, you dont have to be right all the time. Nevertheless, trying to predict the market in the short term is impossible. Companies dont grow without good reason and fast growers wont stay that way forever. If you dont think you can beat the market, for whatever reason, buy a mutual fund and save both the work and the money; dont count on the industry to do a great job, on your behalf.
Therefore, if the price returns to this level, there is likely to be an increase in supply, and hence resistance.
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To trade OTC securities you must open an account with a brokerage firm that provides services in OTC securities. Investors may not buy or sell securities directly through OTC Markets. For more information on trading OTC Securities.
How To Invest When Youre Deep In Debt
Its natural that if you have some money saved or invested, you want to see it grow. There are many factors that can prevent this from happening, but for many people, one of the biggest obstacles is debt. If you have debt to deal with - be it a mortgage, line of credit, student loan orcredit card - fear not, you can still learn how to balance your debt with saving and investing .
Types of Debt
Generally speaking, having debt can make it very difficult for investors to make money. In some cases, investing while in debt is like trying to bail out a sinking ship with a coffee cup. In other words, if you have a debt on your line of credit at 7% interest, the money you are investing will have to make more than 7% to make it more profitable than simply paying down the debt. There are investments that deliver such high returns, but you have to be able to find them knowing you are under the burden of debt.
It is important to briefly distinguish the different kinds of debt here:
1. High-Interest Debt - This is your credit card. High interest is relative, but anything above 10% is a good candidate for this category. Carrying any kind of balance on your credit card or similar high-interest vehicle makes paying it down a priority before starting to invest .
2. Low-Interest Debt - This can be a car loan, a line of credit, or a personal loan from a bank. The interest rates are usually described as prime plus or minus a certain percentage, so there is still some performance pressure from investing with this type of debt. It is, however, much less daunting to make a portfolio that returns 12% than one that has to return 25%.
3. Tax-Deductible Debt - If there is such a thing as good debt, this is it. Tax-deductible debts include mortgages, student loans, business loans, investing loans and all the other loans in which interest paid is returned to you in the form of tax deductions. Because this debt is generally low interest as well, you can easily build a portfolio while paying it down.
The types of debt we will cover in this article are long-term low-interest and tax-decductible debt (like personal loans or mortgage payments). If you dont have high-interest debt or, better yet, all your debts are tax deductible, then read on. If you do have high-interest debt, youll need to pay it off before you begin your investing adventure.
Why Invest?
Debt elimination, particularly of something like a loan that will take long-term capital, robs you of time and money. In the long term, the time (in terms of compounding time of your investment) you lose is worth more to you than the money you actually pay (in terms of the money and interest that you are paying to your lender). You want to give your money as much time as possible to compound. This is one of the reasons to start a portfolio in spite of debt (but not the only one). Your investments may be small, but they will pay off more than investments you would make later in life because these small investments will have more time to mature.
The Plan
Instead of making a traditional portfolio with high and low-risk investments that are adjusted according to your tolerance and age, the idea is to make your loan payments in the place of low-risk and/or fixed-income investments. This means that you will be seeing returns from the lessening of your debt load and interest payments rather than the 4-8% return on a bond or similar investment. The rest of your portfolio should focus on the higher-risk, high-return investments like stocks. If your risk tolerance is very low, the bulk of your investing money will still be going toward loan payments, but there will be a percentage that does make it into the market to produce returns for you. (To learn how to design your portfolio, read A Guide To Portfolio Construction.)
Even if you have a high risk tolerance, you may not be able to put as much as youd like into your investment portfolio because, unlike bonds, loans require a certain amount in monthly payments. Your debt load may force you to create a conservative portfolio in that most of your money is being invested in your loans with only a little going into your high-risk and return investments. As the debt gets smaller, you can adjust your distributions accordingly. (To learn more, check out Rebalance Your Portfolio To Stay On Track.)
Conclusion
You can invest in spite of debt. The important question is whether or not you should. The answer is very personal. There is no denying that there can be benefits from getting your money into the market as soon as possible, but there is no guarantee that your portfolio will perform like it needs to. Such things depend on how adept you become at investing.
The biggest benefit of investing while in debt is psychological (as much of finance is). Paying down long-term debts can be tedious and disheartening if you are not the type of person who puts your shoulder into a task and keeps pushing until it is done. For many people who are servicing debt, it seems like they are struggling to get to the point where their normal financial life - that of saving, investing, etc. - can begin. Debt becomes like a limbo state where things seem to be happening in slow motion. By having even a modest portfolio to distract you from the tedium, you can keep your enthusiasm about your finances from ebbing. Knowing that the sun will come up and being able to see the dawn are very different experiences. For some people, building a portfolio while in debt provides a much needed ray of light.
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The OTC market and broker-dealers’ activities in the market are regulated by The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and various state securities regulators. In addition, companies with SEC-registered securities are regulated by the SEC. OTC Markets Group is neither a stock exchange nor self-regulatory organization (SRO) and is not regulated by FINRA or the SEC.
It used to be that free cash flow or earnings were used with a multiplier to arrive at a fair value. In 1999, the S
Although exchange-listed stocks can be traded OTC on the third market, it is rarely the case. Usually OTC stocks are not listed nor traded on exchanges, and vice versa. Although stocks quoted on the OTCBB must comply with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reporting requirements, other OTC stocks have alternative disclosure guidelines (for example, OTCQX stocks through OTC Market Group Inc), and others have no reporting requirements, for example Pink Sheets securities.
By focusing on price action, technicians are automatically focusing on the future. The market is thought of as a leading indicator and generally leads the economy by 6 to 9 months.
For thou convenience $FTEG BarChart Technical Analysis NITE-LYNX
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/FTEG
Institutional Knowledge/Research
In spite of regulations meant to level the playing field between individuals and institutions (such as Reg FD, which outlines a companys disclosure responsibilities), institutions often employ teams of seasoned industry analysts. These trained experts typically have many contacts throughout the supply chain and tend to have more frequent contact with a given companys management team than the average individual investor. (Read more about the role of Reg FD in Defining Illegal Insider Trading.)
Not surprisingly, this gives the institutional analysts a far better idea of what is going on at a company or within a given industry. In fact, it is almost impossible for the individual to ever gain the upper hand when it comes to such knowledge.
This relative lack of knowledge about future earnings potential, opportunities for growth, competitive forces, etc. can adversely impact investment results. In fact, a lack of knowledge is another major reason why many individual investors tend to underperform mutual funds over time. (You can piece together your own analysis if you have the right information. Read Do-It-Yourself Analyst Predictions to find out how.)
This is compounded by the fact that analysts can sit and wait for new information ,while the average Joe has to work and attend to other matters. This creates a lag time for individual investors, which can prevent them from getting in or out of investments at the best possible moment.
Keeping Tabs on Institutions Is Tough
Even if an individual has enough money to adequately diversify him- or herself, the willingness to hold positions for an extended period of time and the ability to accurately track and research multiple companies, it is difficult to copy the actions of most institutions.
Why? Because, unlike Berkshire Hathaway, many mutual funds buy and sell stocks with great vigor throughout a given quarter.
In fact, take T. Rowe Price as an example. According to the companys website, its Capital Opportunity Fund (which invests primarily in domestic securities) has a turnover rate of 63.5 as of July 31, 2008. Thats big. This makes positions like these are hard to mimic because even if you had access to databases that track institutional holdings the information is usually updated on a quarterly basis.
What happens in between? Frankly, those looking to mimic the institutions portfolio are left guessing, which is an extremely risky strategy, particularly in a volatile market. (Learn some ways you can keep track of institutional investment activities in Keeping An Eye On The Activities Of Insiders And Institutions.)
Trading Costs Can Be Huge, and Treatment May Vary
By definition, institutions such as mutual funds have more money to invest than the average retail investor. Perhaps not surprisingly, the fact that these funds have so much money and conduct so many trades throughout the year causes retail brokers who service these accounts to fawn over them.
Funds often receive favorable treatment. In fact, its not uncommon for some funds to be charged a penny (or in some cases a fraction of a penny) per share to sell or purchase a large block of stock – whereas individual investors will typically pay 5-10 cents per share.
In addition, even though there are rules to prevent this (and time and sales stamps that prove when certain trade tickets were entered), institutions often see their trades pushed ahead of those of retail investors. This allows them to realize more favorable entry and exit points. (ReadPatience Is A Traders Virtue and A Look At Exit Strategies for a discussion of setting entry and exit points.)
In short, the odds are that the individual, regardless of his or her wealth, will never be able to garner such preferential treatment. Therefore, even if the individual was able to match an institution in terms of holdings and diversification, the institution would probably spend fewer dollars on trades throughout the year, making its investment performance, on a net basis, better overall.
Bottom Line
While it may sound good in theory to attempt to mimic the investment style and profile of a successful institution, it is often much harder (if not impossible) to do so in practice. Institutional investors have resources and opportunities that the individual investor cannot hope to match. Retail investors may benefit more, in the long run, from an investment strategy more suited to their means.
Most investors maintain a "cash" account that requires payment in full for each security purchase. But if you open a "margin" account, you can buy securities by borrowing money from your broker for a portion of the purchase price. For more information about how margin accounts work, read our publication, Margin: Borrowing Money To Pay for Stocks and FINRA's Investor Alert on this subject.
Therefore, there were a lot of bullish buyers of the stock around 18. When the price declined below 18 and fell to around 14, many of these (now unhappy) bulls were probably still holding the stock.
$NSFE BarChart Technical Analysis NITE-LYNX
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/NSFE
9 Tips For Safeguarding Your Accounts
Wisely managing your investments includes taking advantage of all possible protections. While you may already be aware of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance for your bank-deposited funds, there are other ways to divide up your funds, lower your potential risk of loss and guarantee your moneys safety. Read on for some ways to keep your money safe that you may want to consider in a bear market. (For background reading, see Are Your Bank Deposits Insured?)
No. 1: Use a brokerage account to invest in brokered CDs.
By opening an account with a brokerage firm you can invest in brokered CDs. These are typically CDs with large denominations, which are issued by banks to brokerage firms for their customers investments. Brokers pool investors funds to purchase the CDs, enabling investors to get a share in larger CDs (with potentially higher interest rates) than what they would be able to access by investing on their own. Brokered CDs also allow investors to buy multiple CDs issued by different banks and qualify for FDIC coverage for each CD held.
Before investing in brokered CDs be sure that:
• You understand the terms and features of each CD you invest in
• The bank offering the CD is an FDIC-insured bank
• You dont invest in a CD offered by a bank where you already hold accounts (because you may inadvertently exceed the FDIC insured limit)
• You get documentation of your ownership (or partial ownership) of the CD from your broker (i.e. a copy of the CDs title) to ensure that you qualify as a depositor for the FDIC coverage. (To learn more, read Are Your Bank Deposits Insured?)
No. 2: Bank with a credit union that carries private excess share insurance.
Some credit unions that are members of the National Credit Union Association (NCUA) carry excess share insurance to provide members with additional coverage for their deposit accounts. (To read more about credit unions, see Tired Of Banks? Try A Credit Union and Choose To Beat The Bank.)
No. 3: Open an account with a DIF- or SIF-insured bank.
The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) is a private company headquartered in Massachusetts that provides insurance on deposit accounts for participating state-chartered savings banks. The Share Insurance Fund (SIF) is also a private fund that insures deposit accounts for Massachusetts-chartered co-operative banks. DIF and SIF member banks guarantee depositors funds above the FDIC limit, regardless of both the FDIC limit and the amount of money held by the depositor. All deposit account types are guaranteed, including savings and checking accounts, CDs, money market and retirement deposit accounts. By providing both FDIC insurance and DIF or SIF insurance, member banks can guarantee that their depositors funds are fully insured. Once you open a deposit account with a DIF or SIF member bank, there are no additional qualification tests to meet or forms to complete. In addition, you do not need to be a Massachusetts residents to do business with a DIF or SIF member bank.
No. 4: Invest in CDs with a CDARS network member institution.
When you invest at least $10,000 in a CD with a Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS) member bank, you can get up to $50 million in FDIC insurance. Thats because a CDARS bank can take your large deposit, divide it up into smaller denominations and invest in multiple CDs across the network of member banks, ensuring that you qualify for FDIC insurance protection with each investment at each member bank. By using a CDARS network member bank, you can secure one interest rate on multiple CD investments and choose the maturities that best suit your investment goals. You pay an annual fee for the service and receive one statement summarizing all of your CD investments. (For related reading, see Are CDs Good Protection For The Bear Market?)
Access to top-notch futures studies at no extra cost. Thinkorswim from TD Ameritrade.
No. 5: Open an MMAX money market account.
The Institutional Deposits Corporation (IDC) offers the Money Market Account Xtra (MMAX) through its network of participating community banks nationwide to depositors looking for additional FDIC insurance. When you open an MMAX Account, your participating IDC bank uses its relationship with other participating IDC network members to guarantee FDIC insurance for your total account balance up to $5 million. You are limited to making six withdrawals from your MMAX account monthly.
No. 6: Research your broker and brokerage firm.
While you are responsible for making and approving decisions related to your investments, its important to know your brokers, and his or her firms, record to avoid becoming a potential victim of fraud. You should check into whether your broker is properly licensed and registered and that he or she has not been the subject of investor complaints or investigation. (To learn more, read Broker Gone Bad? What To Do If You Have A Complaint and Evaluating Your Broker.)
No. 7: Check for SIPC Protection.
Check to make sure your brokerage accounts are protected by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). SIPC guarantees up to $500,000 of your invested funds (up to $100,000 in cash) in the event that your stocks or securities are stolen by a dishonest broker or the firm holding your investments fails and your assets are found missing. (To learn more, read Are My Investments Insured Against Loss?)
No. 8: Know your investment time horizon.
Make sure that money you will need in the short-term is invested in low-risk vehicles such as CDs, T-bills and bonds or bond funds. The closer you are to the time when you will need to access your funds, the less risk you can afford to take that you might lose your principal. (For more insight, read Personalizing Risk Tolerance.)
No. 9: Keep good records of all your investment transactions.
If you are concerned that you may be a victim of fraud or if you are simply concerned that there may be inaccurate information on your investment accounts, you will need copies of your account activity to rectify the error(s), file a complaint or take legal action. (To learn more about personal responsibility in the investing process, read Are You A Good Client?)
Conclusion
Investing is never risk-free, but there are ways to reduce your risk and gain additional insurance coverage for your funds. Take the time to protect your funds and your peace of mind by checking out options available beyond FDIC bank deposit insurance.
Indicates companies that are not able or willing to provide disclosure to the public markets - either to a regulator, an exchange or OTC Markets Group. Companies in this category do not make Current Information available via OTC Markets Group's News Service, or if they do, the available information is older than six months. This category includes defunct companies that have ceased operations as well as 'dark' companies with questionable management and market disclosure practices. Publicly traded companies that are not willing to provide information to investors should be treated with suspicion and their securities should be considered highly risky.
Why Analyze Securities?
Security Analysis - Does it Matter?
Feast thine eyes upon $IMSC BarChart Technical Analysis NITE-LYNX
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/IMSC
OTC Pink is an open marketplace that has no financial standards or reporting requirements. The stock of companies in the OTC Pink tier are not required to be registered with the SEC. Companies in this category are further categorized by the level and timeliness of information they provide to investors and may have current, limited or no public disclosure.
Many traders and investors believe that candlestick charts are easy to read, especially the relationship between the open and the close.
NITE-LYNX $GWIV BarChart Technical Analysis
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/GWIV
For thou convenience $HYDI BarChart Technical Analysis NITE-LYNX
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/HYDI
When the economy expands, most industry groups and companies benefit and grow. When the economy declines, most sectors and companies usually suffer.
$PMCB PharmaCyte Biotech Meets with Oncology Advisory Board PMCB
Business Wire Business WireDecember 11, 2017Comment
LAGUNA HILLS, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--
PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc. (PMCB), a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on developing targeted cellular therapies for cancer and diabetes using its signature live-cell encapsulation technology, Cell-in-a-Box®, today announced that it recently met with its Oncology Advisory Board, which was formed to assist in optimizing and finalizing the clinical protocol and other clinical trial-related matters for PharmaCyte’s clinical trial in patients with locally advanced, non-metastatic, inoperable pancreatic cancer (LAPC).
Representatives from the Advisory Board and PharmaCyte participated in an in-depth teleconference and discussed a variety of clinical trial-related matters, most of which were designed to optimize the trial protocol and develop strategies to ensure that patient enrollment in the clinical trial can be maximized.
Oncologists from several major institutions across the U.S. are participants on the Advisory Board. These institutions include the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Duke University, the Mayo Clinic, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Northwestern University, the University of California, San Francisco, the University of Southern California and the Cleveland Clinic.
Kenneth L. Waggoner, PharmaCyte’s Chief Executive Officer, stated, “We are extremely grateful to those prominent oncologists who have agreed to join our Oncology Advisory Board to assist us in finalizing our clinical trial protocol and in sharing their views on how best to achieve our goal of making our therapy available to those patients who desperately need an effective treatment for LAPC. We received invaluable input from these experts in pancreatic cancer that should allow PharmaCyte to enter the clinic with the best possibility for success.”
About PharmaCyte Biotech
PharmaCyte Biotech is a clinical stage biotechnology company developing cellular therapies for cancer and diabetes based upon a proprietary cellulose-based live cell encapsulation technology known as “Cell-in-a-Box®.” This technology will be used as a platform upon which therapies for several types of cancer and diabetes are being developed.
PharmaCyte’s therapy for cancer involves encapsulating genetically engineered human cells that convert an inactive chemotherapy drug into its active or “cancer-killing” form. For pancreatic cancer, these encapsulated cells are implanted in the blood supply to the patient’s tumor as close as possible to the site of the tumor. Once implanted, a chemotherapy drug that is normally activated in the liver (ifosfamide) is given intravenously at one-third the normal dose. The ifosfamide is carried by the circulatory system to where the encapsulated cells have been implanted. When the ifosfamide flows through pores in the capsules, the live cells inside act as a “bio-artificial liver” and activate the chemotherapy drug at the site of the cancer. This “targeted chemotherapy” has proven effective and safe to use in past clinical trials and results in no treatment related side effects.
PharmaCyte’s therapy for Type 1 diabetes and insulin-dependent Type 2 diabetes involves encapsulating a human cell line that has been genetically engineered to produce, store and release insulin in response to the levels of blood sugar in the human body. The encapsulation will be done using the Cell-in-a-Box® technology. Once the encapsulated cells are implanted in a diabetic patient, they will function as a “bio-artificial pancreas” for purposes of insulin production.
Safe Harbor
This press release contains forward-looking statements, which are generally statements that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the words "expects," "anticipates," "believes," "intends," "estimates," "plans," "will," "outlook" and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on management's current plans, estimates, assumptions and projections, and speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement because of new information or future events, except as otherwise required by law. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. Actual results or outcomes may differ materially from those implied by the forward-looking statements due to the impact of numerous risk factors, many of which are discussed in more detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
More information about PharmaCyte Biotech can be found at www.PharmaCyte.com. Information may also be obtained by contacting PharmaCyte’s Investor Relations Department.
View source version on businesswire.com: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171211005266/en/
Contact:
Investor Relations:
PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc.
Dr. Gerald W. Crabtree
Investor Relations Department
917.595.2856
Info@PharmaCyte.com
$ISOLF News
VANCOUVER, British Columbia, Dec. 17, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Isodiol International Inc. (CSE:ISOL) (OTC:ISOLF) (FSE:LB6A.F) (the “Company” or “Isodiol”), a global Bioactive Phytoceutical innovator specializing in the development of pharmaceutical and wellness products, is pleased to announce that the Company has entered into a binding agreement to acquire the Biosynthesis Pharma Group (BSPG), an industry leading producer of industrial hemp, it’s derivatives and pharmaceutical compounds for use in the medicinal, nutraceutical, food and cosmetic industries.
Through BSPG’s industrial-sized, proprietary extraction methodologies, BSPG produces high-purity, bioactive cannabinoids that are used in pharmaceutical applications to benefit those suffering from a range of life-threatening and non-life-threatening illnesses. BSPG is currently conducting clinical trials involving its product through strategic partnerships around the globe.
“It has been a part of Isodiol’s growth strategy to aggressively pursue international expansion. Through this acquisition, the company is aligned to penetrate foreign markets particularly in the United Kingdom, Europe, Asia, South and Central America. We will broaden our product availability and make the most bioactive cannabinoid products available on a global scale. This acquisition puts us at the forefront of global cannabinoid clinical research and studies which will compliment our current efforts in Brazil and other markets we are presently developing,” said Marcos Agramont, CEO of Isodiol.
The BSPG acquisition includes multiple entities that are strategic to the future of Isodiol. Each of these entities are intended to have a distinct purpose within the Isodiol organization, whether it be defined by geography, applicable laws, or line of business. The entities include:
Biosynthesis Pharma Group Limited (BSPG-HK): organized in Hong Kong and maintains a correspondent office in the United Kingdom. Isodiol is acquiring 100% of BSPG-HK.
Trigal Pharma GmbH (TP-Austria): organized in Austria, TP-Austria’s business includes, but is not limited to, the handling of regulatory and governmental policies and supply of pharmaceutical-grade CBD to pharmacies in Europe. Isodiol is acquiring 100% of TP-Austria.
Hankang (Yunnan) Biotech Co., Ltd. (HBTC-China): organized in The People’s Republic of China, HBTC-China’s business includes, but is not limited to, operating a facility approved by the Chinese government to grow hemp as well as extract and export CBD globally. China is the world’s largest producer of hemp and is the largest supplier of raw hemp and fiber to the United States. Isodiol is acquiring 70% of HBTC-China.
BSPG Laboratories Limited (BSPGL-UK): organized in the United Kingdom, BSPGL-UK’s business includes, but is not limited to, operating a facility that refines the CBD molecule to a purity of 99.5% + that is pharmaceutical-grade, THC-Free and highly bioactive. Isodiol is acquiring 100% of BSPGL-UK.
Pure CBD Limited (PURE-UK): organized in the United Kingdom, PURE-UK supplies pharmaceutical products under the specials category with the approval of the National Health Service. Isodiol is acquiring 100% of PURE-UK.
Purodiol Limited (PUR-UK): organized in the United Kingdom, PUR-UK manufactures pharmaceutical products under the brand name Purodiol. Isodiol is acquiring 100% of PUR-UK.
Purodiol Do Brasil Ltda (PUR-Brazil): organized in Brazil, PUR-Brazil supplies Purodiol pharmaceutical products under ANVISA regulations to patients in Brazil and is currently involved in multiple clinical studies and trials. Isodiol is acquiring 99% of PUR-Brazil.
XTPT brought back to life!!! mega filings released on Friday!! Should be current soon..Looks like a new bitcoin play with machines already running...moves on air...float says 90 million..but feels much smaller than that...next dollar runner?? putting things together just as INTV did..
imho
mj
RMHB inks an up to 16,000,000 cans sales deal with a Mexican distributor.
My G2 says the big seller in Mexico will be the mango drink.
Mexico is the gateway to South America and the future potential is enormous
The Spanish Speaking people love the mango flavor
UCSO BITCOIN
Spoke to eco earlier today big things coming! Going current this week
PR two days ago discusses bitcoin blockchain + uplist
Could see a rcgr/epaz type run here
https://www.otcmarkets.com/stock/UCSO/news
Watch for News- $SGMD is about to skyrocket, soon-to-be the largest publicly traded MJ company, watch for New$$$$
$SAGD announced distribution of the virtual currency, PotPons
Crypto currency low float play!!!
should reach 0.2 next week!
South American Gold Corp Announces Development Partner for Launch of PotPons
Dec 15, 2017
OTC Disclosure & News Service
Las Vegas, NV -
South American Gold Corp (OTC: SAGD) announced today that it has secured a development partner for the launch and distribution of the virtual currency, PotPons.
David Reeves, SAGD CEO, stated, "After much time and effort entertaining and considering different partnering opportunities, we are proud to announce that we have chosen to partner with Favored, Inc. (OTC: FVRD) for the market entry of PotPons virtual currency. Favored Inc.s wholly owned subsidiary, Empire Mobile Studios, Inc., owns and developed www.Bittraderpro.com, which We will utilize to bring PotPons to the marketplace and make it available for broad exchange and utilization.
With the successful completion of this agreement, the company should be poised to have the PotPons virtual currency tradable by February, 2018. Mr. Reeves continued, Selecting the right market partner for this project was imperative to ensuring the launch success of the coin in market. We wanted to ensure we could achieve our short-term goals which will create the backbone of our structure for our long-term vision. We feel confident that Favored, Inc. is the right partner for us in developing a market for the coin as well as helping us develop and expand the customer base and marketplace.
The PotPons virtual currency, which is peer-to-peer tradable, will have in-app functionality in the PotPons Merchant Services System and Consumer App.
PotPons virtual currency was developed on the Ethereum blockchain technology following the ERC-20 standards. As the launch of PotPons enters the, market the company will begin the process of adding the open-source to GitHub, allowing for PotPons to access to multiple cryptocurrency exchanges for P2P and providing a transparent view of the virtual currency.
Mr. Reeves concluded, This is a great time for our company and our shareholders. This partnership will provide us with the ability to bring the ambitious idea of PotPons Merchant Services System to market. The power of two public companies working together for the purpose of achieving one main goal will produce one great process for market entry.
PotPons, the virtual currency, and PotPons Merchant Services System will be marketed and operated by the SAGD subsidiary, PotPons, Inc.
$GCEI ALERT>STRONG UPTREND
http://club.ino.com/trend/analysis/stock/GCEI/?
STRONG UPTREND
LOOKING GOOD.
STOCK IS EXTREMELY UNDERVALUED IMHO!
NEWS PENDING
Go GREEN with Global Clean Energy a Enviromentally Friendly Waste Tire 2 Fuel & Algae to Products Company.
http://www.globalcleanenergy.net/
glta
________ALERT!!!!!! ___________ CNXS ___________ 50 BAGGER !!!!!!!!!!
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