Sizzling Stock Picks

[Tellin_Fibs]

Broker-dealers may charge an additional ‘access fee’ to broker-dealers who want to trade at their quoted price. The fee maximums are based on the tick size (> .01) or price (< .01). OTC Markets QAP (Quote Access Payment) functionality allows broker-dealer to dynamically set their fees or rebates.

[Black_NITE]

Feast thine eyes upon $AGIJ BarChart Technical Analysis NITE-LYNX
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/AGIJ

[BoomPickens]

Relative Strength:

The price relative is a line formed by dividing the security by a benchmark. For stocks it is usually the price of the stock divided by the S

[Black_NITE]

Feast thine eyes upon $GDNEF BarChart Technical Analysis NITE-LYNX
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/GDNEF

[BoomPickens]

A downtrend begins when the stock breaks below the low of the previous trading range.

[sharky]

RBNW 34.19 RSI chart bouncing:







$RBNW

[zatafour]

SRMX.... Multiple press releases coming, starts this week... Gonna run peeps...

[BottomBounce]

$GEVO Buy rating reiterated by stock analysts at HC Wainwright. They presently have a $12.00 price target on the energy companys stock.

[TradeReaper]

TGGI BULL RUSH COMING FIRST THING TOMORROW.

GET IN WHILE YOU CAN.



HUGE TWITTER UPDATE FRIDAY. TO BEGIN RAISING CAPITAL FROM 4 DIFFERENT REVENUE STREAMS! NEWS THIS WEEK! SEE BELOW:

https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=135578699

[$Pistol Pete$]

$PMCB PharmaCyte Biotech Research Identifies Enzyme Activity for Cannabinoid-Based Therapy to Fight Cancer PMCB

http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171017005486/en/PharmaCyte-Biotech-Research-Identifies-Enzyme-Activity-Cannabinoid-Based




LAGUNA HILLS, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc. (OTCQB: PMCB), a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on developing targeted cellular therapies for cancer and diabetes using its signature live-cell encapsulation technology, Cell-in-a-Box®, today announced that its research partner, the University of Northern Colorado (UNC), has identified an organism whose genome contains the genetic code for production of an enzyme capable of activating a cannabinoid prodrug into its active cancer-killing form.

“We are pleased that UNC has taken us one step closer to developing cannabinoid-based therapies to combat cancer utilizing our proprietary Cell-in-a-Box® live-cell encapsulation technology”
Tweet this
“We are pleased that UNC has taken us one step closer to developing cannabinoid-based therapies to combat cancer utilizing our proprietary Cell-in-a-Box® live-cell encapsulation technology,” commented PharmaCyte’s Chief Executive Officer, Kenneth L. Waggoner. “PharmaCyte’s innovative Cannabis Program has established PharmaCyte as a serious player in the medical Cannabis sector, and we are exploring additional strategic relationships to advance product development and commercialization.”

PharmaCyte’s Cannabis Program has had two primary areas of focus. The first is confirming the anti-cancer activity of cannabinoids (constituents of the Cannabis plant), such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). UNC’s research has confirmed that a purified cannabinoid showed a potent dose-dependent decrease in cell viability for various cancers, suggesting that this cannabinoid exhibits significant anti-proliferative effects (stops the growth of cancer cells). This activity has been demonstrated in glioblastoma (brain), pancreatic, breast, lung, colon and melanoma cancer cell lines.

The second area of focus is in finding an enzyme capable of converting an inactive, side-effect-free, cannabinoid prodrug into its active cancer-killing form. The research team at UNC has screened numerous cell lines and numerous enzymes. As result of this extensive work, an organism has been identified that has been confirmed to produce an enzyme capable of catalyzing the desired cannabinoid-prodrug-activating reaction. Work is now underway to locate the enzyme’s gene.

Dr. Mark L. Rabe, PharmaCyte’s Director of Cannabis Program Development, commented, “Our work at UNC continues to bear fruit. The work with cancer cell lines not only confirmed cannabinoid anti-cancer activity, it generated important dosing data. The work to identify the needed activating enzyme has been intensive and time-consuming, and we are pleased to have identified a front-running candidate that has exhibited the desired activity.”

Once the location of the activating enzyme gene has been determined within the organism’s genome, a series of steps will occur to amplify and clone the gene and confirm its activity. The gene will then be used to bio-engineer a human cell line that will then become a cannabinoid-prodrug-activating enzyme “factory.” Importantly, the parental human cell line that will be utilized is the same cell line being utilized in PharmaCyte’s therapy for pancreatic cancer. Upon confirmation of the desired activity by the bio-engineered cell line, the final steps include live-cell encapsulation with the Cell-in-a-Box® technology and validation.

Clinically, targeted cannabinoid-based chemotherapy would be accomplished by implanting the encapsulated bio-engineered cells near the site of a tumor, along with administration of a cannabinoid prodrug which would become activated at the site of the tumor by an enzyme produced by the encapsulated cells. The end goal is better efficacy than existing therapies with few, if any, side effects.

About PharmaCyte Biotech

PharmaCyte Biotech is a clinical stage biotechnology company developing cellular therapies for cancer and diabetes based upon a proprietary cellulose-based live cell encapsulation technology known as “Cell-in-a-Box®.” This technology will be used as a platform upon which therapies for several types of cancer and diabetes are being developed.

PharmaCyte’s therapy for cancer involves encapsulating genetically engineered human cells that convert an inactive chemotherapy drug into its active or “cancer-killing” form. For pancreatic cancer, these encapsulated cells are implanted in the blood supply to the patient’s tumor as close as possible to the site of the tumor. Once implanted, a chemotherapy drug that is normally activated in the liver (ifosfamide) is given intravenously at one-third the normal dose. The ifosfamide is carried by the circulatory system to where the encapsulated cells have been implanted. When the ifosfamide flows through pores in the capsules, the live cells inside act as a “bio-artificial liver” and activate the chemotherapy drug at the site of the cancer. This “targeted chemotherapy” has proven effective and safe to use in past clinical trials and results in no treatment related side effects.

PharmaCyte’s therapy for Type 1 diabetes and insulin-dependent Type 2 diabetes involves encapsulating a human cell line that has been genetically engineered to produce, store and release insulin in response to the levels of blood sugar in the human body. The encapsulation will be done using the Cell-in-a-Box® technology. Once the encapsulated cells are implanted in a diabetic patient, they will function as a “bio-artificial pancreas” for purposes of insulin production.

Safe Harbor

This press release contains forward-looking statements, which are generally statements that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the words "expects," "anticipates," "believes," "intends," "estimates," "plans," "will," "outlook" and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on management's current plans, estimates, assumptions and projections, and speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement because of new information or future events, except as otherwise required by law. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. Actual results or outcomes may differ materially from those implied by the forward-looking statements due to the impact of numerous risk factors, many of which are discussed in more detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

More information about PharmaCyte Biotech can be found at www.PharmaCyte.com. Information may also be obtained by contacting PharmaCyte’s Investor Relations Department.

Contacts
Investor Relations:
PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc.
Dr. Gerald W. Crabtree
Investor Relations Department
917.595.2856
[e-mail]

[starman2]

AMFE is the s**t right now
Tomorrow we catapult!!!!
***LOOK AT THIS ***

https://www.otcmarkets.com/stock/AMFE/news/Amfil-Technologies-Inc--Announces-Fiscal-Q1-2018-Revenues-up-20-619--Year-Over-Year-to--5-900-346-Setting-A-New-Quarterly-Financial-Record-For-The-Company?id=172992&b=y

[FamaOfSouls]

News out! 5.9 Million in revenue, audit completion and uplist to OTCQB/OTCQX updates these coming weeks!

AMFE

https://www.otcmarkets.com/stock/AMFE/news/Amfil-Technologies-Inc--Announces-Fiscal-Q1-2018-Revenues-up-20-619--Year-Over-Year-to--5-900-346-Setting-A-New-Quarterly-Financial-Record-For-The-Company?id=172992&b=y

[FastMny]

AMFE Q1 revenues up over 20,000%! Company did $6MM in Q1 alone basically matching all the revenue from last year in total. They will be uplisting by end of month.

https://www.otcmarkets.com/stock/AMFE/news/Amfil-Technologies-Inc--Announces-Fiscal-Q1-2018-Revenues-up-20-619--Year-Over-Year-to--5-900-346-Setting-A-New-Quarterly-Financial-Record-For-The-Company?id=172992&b=y

[Jack_of_All_Trades]

DOLV mega reverse merger play looking strong for this week.

[JohnLocke]

Under the Radar $USLG will move back to previous highs on any news/volume. Legitimate, reporting, LED mfg co with superior technology. Sold at Home Depot.See Post Here for Details.

[SilverBack]

$BDGN CHART UPDATE! 22M float and no dlution!

Reversal in effect to break mew highs and MFI - Money Flow Index increasing ready to break .14 and then fly to break .20 this week. Since we broke .10 on Friday at the close the only left was .108 then .12 with Puma with 5k then nothing on L2 to .30 with only 7,500 showing with CDEL and CANT.

Another BULLISH FLAG!




BIGGEST 5 YEAR CUP and HANDLE EVER!

[Romans623]

LVVV legit MJ company. Float of 450 million and had 4 Green Day’s last week. Looks like she is priming for run. Recent news too!

[kayoboi]

$TXHE very undervalued she might run soon...

[DewmBoom]

$MMEG is Red Hot with News Coming This Week:

https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=135596691

[DewmBoom]

$BTGI is a Real Growth Company to be Part of its Future:

A potential 100 million dollar revenue in 2018, with a striving transportation buisness!

https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=135584512
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=135595431

[Ronin]

GOVX pharma .042, real co., run began Friday!!
http://stockcharts.com/h-sc/ui?s=govx

Real BOD!
https://www.geovax.com/corporate-governance/board-of-directors-corporate-governance.html

S-1 form in September was going to dump 166M shares into market. It's been canceled! Good news coming, imho!
https://www.otcmarkets.com/edgar/GetFilingHtml?FilingID=12269293

About GeoVax
GeoVax Labs, Inc., is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing human vaccines against infectious diseases using its MVA-VLP vaccine platforms. The Company's HIV vaccine for the clade B epidemic in the Americas and Europe is advancing in human trials conducted by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network. Preclinical programs are focused on preventive vaccines for Zika Virus, hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Sudan, Marburg, and Lassa), and malaria, as well as therapeutic vaccines for HIV, chronic Hepatitis B infections and cancers. GeoVax's vaccine platform supports in vivo production of non-infectious VLPs from the cells of the very person receiving the vaccine, mimicking a natural infection and stimulating both the humoral and cellular arms of the immune system to recognize, prevent, and control the target infection. For more information, visit https://www.geovax.com/.

Zacks says, .25 valuation!
https://www.geovax.com/images/GOVX_SCIR-2017-08-22.PDF

Too much good news coming out for GOVX to go unnoticed, imho!
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/geovax-reports-significant-advance-hiv-180000573.html

https://www.geovax.com/clinical-pipeline.html

Significant advances from Duke Medical, Unv. Penn, Alamos! This is HUGE!!!

"This as an important advance in the development of a vaccine with the potential to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody to the CD4 binding site," Dr. Robinson continued. "We intend to push this technology forward for the development of a vaccine for the clade C subtype of HIV that is devastating populations in Africa."

A/S 600M, Float, 65M

http://www.otcmarkets.com/stock/GOVX/profile

[Macaveli]

$SPOM is gonna explode this week!!
Huge IBM software conference!

[greekgal72]

SANP.huge buying power monday!expect 1000% gain between mon-tue alone with 2bil vol strong bulls merger with bitcoin mania is gonna drive this from its current .0017 to .10 within 2-4 trading weeks.Barrons and WSJ even cramer has mentioned Sanp but he wont touch it because its a pinksheet.do your DD I have no reason to lie I wanna see you all profit from this amazing ticker

[GreenReeper]

The Basics Of Outstanding Shares And The Float
Financial lingo is very important for anybody interested or invested in products like stocks, bonds or mutual funds. Many of the financial ratios used in fundamental analysis include things like outstanding shares and the float. Lets go through these terms so that next time you come across them, you can know their significance.

Restricted and Float
When you look a little closer at the quotes for a company , you may see some obscure terms that youve never encountered before. For instance, restricted shares refer to a companys issued stock that cannot be bought or sold without special permission by the SEC. Often, this type of stock is given to insiders as part of their salaries or as additional benefits. Another term that you may encounter is float. This refers to a companys shares that are freely bought and sold without restrictions in the public. Denoting the greatest proportion of stocks trading on the exchanges, the float consists of regular shares that many of us will hear or read about in the news.
Authorized Shares
Authorized shares refer to the largest number of shares that a single corporation can issue. The number of authorized shares per company is assessed at the companys creation and can only be increased and decreased through a vote by the shareholders. If at the time of incorporation the documents state that 100 shares are authorized, then only 100 shares can be issued.

Now just because a company can issue a certain number of shares doesnt mean that it is going to issue all of these shares to the public. Typically, companies will, for many reasons, keep a portion of the shares in their own treasury. For example, CTC may decide to maintain a controlling interest within the treasury just to ward off any hostile takeover bids. On the other hand, the company may have shares handy just in case it wants to sell them for excess cash (rather than borrowing). This tendency of a company to reserve some of its authorized shares leads us to the next important and related term: outstanding shares.

Outstanding Shares
Not to be confused with authorized shares, outstanding shares refer to the number of stocks that a company actually has issued. This number represents all the shares that can be bought and sold by the public as well as all the restricted shares that require special permission before being transacted. As we already explained, shares that can be freely bought and sold by public investors are called the float, and this value changes depending on if the company wishes to repurchase shares from the market or sell out more of its authorized shares within its treasury.

Lets look back at our company CTC. From the previous example, we know that this company has 1000 authorized shares. If they offered 300 shares in an IPO, gave 150 to the executives and retained 550 in the treasury, then the number of shares outstanding would be 450 shares (300 float shares 150 restricted shares). If after a couple years CTC was doing extremely well and wanted to buy back 100 shares from the market, the number of outstanding shares would fall to 350, the number of treasury shares would increase to 650 and the float would fall to 200 shares since the buyback was done through the market (300 – 100).
Hold on a minute though - this is not the only way that the number of outstanding shares can fluctuate. In addition to the stocks it issues to investors and executives, many companies offer stock options and warrants. These stock options and warrants are instruments that give the holder a right to purchase more stock from the companys treasury. Every time one of these instruments is activated, the float and shares outstanding increase while the number of treasury stocks decrease. For example, suppose CTC issues 100 warrants. If all these warrants are activated, then Corys Tequila Corporation will have to sell 100 shares from its treasury to the holders of the warrants. Thus, by following the most recent example, where the number of outstanding shares is 350 and treasury shares is 650, the exercise of all the warrants would change the numbers to 450 and 550 respectively, and the float would increase to 300. This effect is known as dilution.

Why Is It Important?
Because the difference between the number of authorized and outstanding shares can be so large, its important that you realize what they are and which figures the company is using. Different ratios may use the basic number of outstanding shares while others may use the diluted version. This can affect the numbers significantly and possibly change your attitude towards a particular investment ; furthermore, by identifying the number of restricted shares versus the number of shares in the float, investors can gauge the level of ownership and autonomy that insiders have within the company. All these scenarios are important for investors to understand before they make a decision to buy or sell.

[BoomPickens]

The high and low are represented by the top and bottom of the vertical bar and the close is the short horizontal line crossing the vertical bar.

[Tellin_Fibs]

There are many thinly-traded OTC securities which are not traded every day by broker-dealers.

[Black_NITE]

$EXPU BarChart Technical Analysis NITE-LYNX
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/EXPU

[GreenReeper]

Dissecting Declarations, Ex-Dividends And Record Dates
Have the workings of dividends and dividend distributions mystified you too? Chances are its not the concept of dividends that confuses you; the ex-dividend date and date of record are the tricky factors. In this article well sort through the dividend payment process and explain on what date the buyer of the stock gets to keep the dividend.

Before we explain how it all works, lets go over some of the basics to ensure we have the proper foundation to understand the more complex issues. Some investment terms are thrown around more often than Frisbees on a hot summer day, so its important that we define exactly what were talking about.

Different Types of Dividends
The decision to distribute a dividend is made by a companys board of directors. There is nothing requiring a company to pay a dividend, even if the company has paid dividends in the past. However, many investors view a steady dividend history as an important indicator of a good investment, so most companies are reluctant to reduce or stop their dividend payments. (For more information on buying dividend paying stocks , see the articles How Dividends Work for Investors and The Importance of Dividends.
Dividends can be paid in various different forms, but there are two major categories: cash and stock. The most popular are cash dividends. This is money paid to stockholders , normally out of the corporations current earnings or accumulated profits.

For example, suppose you own 100 shares of Corys Brewing Company (ticker: CBC). Cory has made record sales this year thanks to an unusually high demand for his unique peach flavored beer. The company therefore decides to share some of this good fortune with the stockholders and declares a dividend of $0.10 per share. This means that you will receive a check from Corys Brewing Company for $10.00 ($0.10*100). In practice, companies that pay dividends usually do so on a regular basis of four times a year. A one-time dividend such as the one we just described is referred to as an extra dividend.

The stock dividend, the second most common dividend paying method, pays additional shares rather than cash. Suppose that Corys Brewing Company wishes to issue a dividend but doesnt have the necessary cash available to pay everyone. He does, however, have enough Treasury stock to meet the requirements of the dividend payout. So instead of paying cash, Cory decides to issue a dividend of 0.05 new shares of CBC for every existing one. This means that you will receive five shares of CBC for every 100 shares that you own. If any fractional shares are left over, the dividend is paid as cash (because stocks cant trade fractionally).

Another type of dividend is the property dividend, but it is used rarely. This type of allocation is a physical transfer of a tangible asset from the company to the investors. For instance, if Corys Brewing Company was still insistent on paying out dividends but didnt have enough Treasury stock or enough money to pay out all investors, the company could look for something physical (property) to distribute. In this case, Cory might decide that his unique peach beer would be the best substitute, so he could distribute a couple of six-packs to all the shareholders.
The Important Dates of a Dividend
There are four major dates in the process of a company paying dividends:
• Declaration date - This is the date on which the board of directors announces to shareholders and the market as a whole that the company will pay a dividend.
• Ex-date or Ex-dividend date - On (or after) this date the security trades without its dividend. If you buy a dividend paying stock one day before the ex-dividend you will still get the dividend, but if you buy on the ex-dividend date, you wont get the dividend. Conversely, if you want to sell a stock and still receive a dividend that has been declared you need to sell on (or after) the ex-dividend day. The ex-date is the second business day before the date of record.
• Date of record - This is the date on which the company looks at its records to see who the shareholders of the company are. An investor must be listed as a holder of record to ensure the right of a dividend payout.
• Date of payment (payable date) - This is the date the company mails out the dividend to the holder of record. This date is generally a week or more after the date of record so that the company has sufficient time to ensure that it accurately pays all those who are entitled.
Why All These Dates?
Ex-dividend dates are used to make sure dividend checks go to the right people. In todays market, settlement of stocks is a T 3 process, which means that when you buy a stock , it takes three days from the transaction date (T) for the change to be entered into the companys record books.

As mentioned, if you are not in the companys record books on the date of record, you wont receive the dividend payment. To ensure that you are in the record books, you need to buy the stock at least three business days before the date of record, which also happens to be the day before the ex-dividend date.

Copyright © 2009 Investopedia.com

As you can see by the diagram above, if you buy on the ex-dividend date (Tuesday), which is only two business days before the date of record, you will not receive the dividend because your name will not appear in the companys record books until Friday. If you want to buy the stock and receive the dividend, you need to buy it on Monday. (When the stock is trading with the dividend the term cum dividend is used). But, if you want to sell the stock and still receive the dividend, you need to sell on or after Tuesday the 6th.
*Note: Different rules apply if the dividend is 25% or greater of the value of the security. In this case, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) indicates that the ex-date is the first business day following the payable date. For further details on dividend issues, search FINRAs website.

A Money Machine?
Now that we understand that a dividend can be received by purchasing the stock before the ex-date, can we make more money? Nope, its not that easy. Remember, everybody knows when the dividend is going to be paid, and the market sees the dividend payout as a time when the company is giving out a part of its profits (reducing its cash). So the price of the stock will drop approximately by the amount of the dividend on the ex-dividend date. The word approximately is crucial here. Due to tax considerations and other happenings in the market, the actual drop in price may be slightly different. In any case, the point is that you cant make free profits on the ex-dividend date.

Conclusion
The reasons for and effects of all these dates are by no means easy to grasp. Its important to clear up any confusion between ex-dividend and record dates. But always keep in mind that when youre investing in a dividend paying stock, its more crucial to consider the quality of the company than the date on which you buy in.

[BoomPickens]

If you are not interested in the opening price, bar charts are an ideal method for analyzing the close relative to the high and low.

[Tellin_Fibs]

If the broker-dealer cannot, or chooses not to, execute the trade internally, they must attempt to execute the trade with another broker-dealer. This often means accessing the security on OTC Markets Group’s OTC Dealer application and ascertaining whether the order is marketable. Marketable orders are orders where the price specified can immediately be executed in the market. Market Orders are, by definition, marketable. Limit Orders are marketable if the limit price is better than or equal to the bid price (for sell orders) or ask price.

[Black_NITE]

For thou convenience $MRDDF BarChart Technical Analysis NITE-LYNX
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/MRDDF

[GreenReeper]

Open Your Eyes To Closed-End Funds
Fixed-income investors are often attracted to closed-end funds because many of the funds are designed to provide a steady stream of income, usually on a monthly or quarterly basis as opposed to the biannual payments provided by individual bonds.

Perhaps the easiest way to understand the mechanics of closed-end mutual funds is via comparison to open-end mutual and exchange-traded funds with which most investors are familiar. All these types of funds pool the investments of numerous investors into a single basket of securities or fund portfolio. While at first glance it may seem like these funds are quite similar - as they share similar names and a few characteristics - from an operational perspective, they are actually quite different. Here well take a look at how closed-end funds work, and whether they could work for you.



Open-End Vs. Closed-End
Open-end fund shares are bought and sold directly from the mutual fund company. There is no limit to the number of available shares because the fund company can continue to create new shares, as needed, to meet investor demand. On the reverse side, a portfolio may be affected if a significant number of shares are redeemed quickly and the manager needs to make trades (sell) to meet the demands for cash created by the redemptions. All investors in the fund share costs associated with this trading activity, so the investors who remain in the fund share the financial burden created by the trading activity of investors who are redeeming their shares.

On the other hand, closed-end funds operate more like exchange-traded funds. They are launched through an initial public offering (IPO) that raises a fixed amount of money by issuing a fixed number of shares. The fund manager takes charge of the IPO proceeds and invests the shares according to the funds mandate. The closed-end fund is then configured into a stock that is listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. Like all shares, those of a closed-end fund are bought and sold on the open market, so investor activity has no impact on underlying assets in the funds portfolio. This trading distinction can be an advantage for money managers specializing in small-cap stocks, emerging markets, high-yield bonds and other less liquid securities. On the cost side of the equation, each investor pays a commission to cover the cost of personal trading activity (that is, the buying and selling of a closed-end funds shares in the open market).



Like open-end and exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds are available in a wide variety of offerings. Stock funds, bond funds and balanced funds provide a full range of asset allocation options, and both foreign and domestic markets are represented. Regardless of the specific fund chosen, closed-end funds (unlike some open-end and ETF counterparts) are all actively managed. Investors choose to place their assets in closed-end funds in the hope that the fund managers will use their management skills to add alpha and deliver returns in excess of those that would be available via investing in an index product that tracked the portfolios benchmark index.



Pricing and Trading: Take Note of the NAV
Pricing is one of the most notable differentiators between open-end and closed-end funds. Open-ended funds are priced once per day at the close of business. Every investor making a transaction in an open-end fund on that particular day pays the same price, called the net asset value (NAV). Closed-end funds, like ETFs, have an NAV as well, but the trading price, which is quoted throughout the day on a stock exchange , may be higher or lower than that value. The actual trading price is set by supply and demand in the marketplace. ETFs generally trade at or close to their NAVs.
If the trading price is higher than the NAV, closed-end funds and ETFs are said to be trading at a premium. When this occurs, investors are placed in the rather precarious position of paying to purchase an investment that is worth less than the price that must be paid to acquire it.

If the trading price is lower than the NAV, the fund is said to be trading at a discount. This presents an opportunity for investors to purchase the closed-end fund or ETF at a price that is lower than the value of the underlying assets. When closed-end funds trade at a significant discount, the fund manager may make an effort to close the gap between the NAV and the trading price by offering to repurchase shares or by taking other action, such as issuing reports about the funds strategy to bolster investor confidence and generate interest in the fund.

Closed-End Funds Use of Leverage
Closed-end funds have another quirk unique to their fund structure. They often make use of borrowings, which, while adding an element of risk when compared to open-end funds and ETFs, can potentially lead to greater rewards. This leverage is the main reason why closed-end funds typically generate more income than open-end and exchange-traded funds.

Why Closed-End Funds Arent More Popular
According to the Closed-End Fund Association, closed-end funds have been available since 1893, more than 30 years prior to the formation of the first open-end fund in the U.S. Despite their long history, however, closed-end funds are far outnumbered by open-ended funds in the market.

The relative lack of popularity of closed-end funds can be explained by the fact that they are a somewhat complex investment vehicle that tends to be less liquid and more volatile than open-ended funds. Also, few closed-end funds are followed by Wall Street firms or owned by institutions. After a flurry of investment banking activity surrounding an initial public offering for a closed-end fund, research coverage normally wanes and the shares languish.
For these reasons, closed-end funds have historically been, and will likely remain, a tool used primarily by relatively sophisticated investors.

The Bottom Line
Investors put their money into closed-end funds for many of the same reasons that they put their money into open-end funds. Most are seeking solid returns on their investments through the traditional means of capital gains, price appreciation and income potential. The wide variety of closed-end funds on offer and the fact that they are all actively managed (unlike open-ended funds) make closed-end funds an investment worth considering. From a cost perspective, the expense ratio for closed-end funds may be lower than the expense ratio for comparable open-ended funds.

[BoomPickens]

The list can seem quite long and intimidating. However, after a while, an investor will learn what works best and develop a set of preferred analysis techniques. There are many different valuation metrics and much depends on the industry and stage of the economic cycle.

[Black_NITE]

BarChart Technical Analysis NITE-LYNX $DROP
http://www.barchart.com/technicals/stocks/DROP

[Tellin_Fibs]

“The Spread” is a term that applies to all markets and represents the difference between the highest bid price and the lowest ask price. For example if “the bid” is $10.00 and “the ask” is $11.00, then the spread is $1.00. The spread is one of the ways that broker-dealers, specifically market makers (a type of broker-dealer that provides liquidity by quoting and trading both sides of the market), make money.

[GreenReeper]

The Financial Characteristics Of A Successful Company
It is often debated whether a commonly perceived good company, as defined by characteristics, such as competitive advantage, above-average management and market leadership, is also a good company to invest in. While these characteristics of a good company can point toward a good investment, this article will explain how to evaluate the companys financial characteristics to make a final decision. (For further reading on the other characteristics, see 3 Secrets Of Successful Companies.)

Tutorial: Top Stock Picking Strategies

Background
The world of stock picking has evolved. What was once the duty of traditional stock analysts has become an internet phenomenon; stocks are now analyzed by all kinds of people, using all kinds of methods. Furthermore, the speed at which information now travels around the world, has led to increased volatility in stock prices and changes in the way that stocks are evaluated, at least in the short-term. In addition, the advent of self-directed 401(k)s, IRAs and investment accounts, has empowered individual investors to get more involved in the selection of stocks to buy. (Read House Your Retirement With Self-Directed Real Estate IRAs for more on this investment vehicle.)
While the short-term process may have changed, the characteristics of a good company to buy stock in have not. Earnings, return on equity (ROE) and their relative value compared to other companies, are timeless indicators of companies that might be good investments.

Earnings
Earnings are essential for a stock to be considered a good investment. Without earnings, it is difficult to evaluate what a company is worth, except for its book value. While current earnings may have been overlooked during the internet stock boom, investors, whether they knew it or not, were buying stocks in companies that were expected to have earnings in the future. Earnings can be evaluated in any number of ways, but three of the most prominent metrics are growth, stability and quality (Read more about the dotcom boom and other crazes that went wrong in Crashes: What Are Crashes And Bubbles?)

Earnings Growth
Earnings growth is usually described as a percentage, in periods like year-over-year, quarter-over-quarter and month-over-month. The basic premise of earnings growth is that the current reported earnings should exceed the previous reported earnings. While some may say that this is backward-looking and that future earnings are more important, this metric establishes a pattern that can be charted and tells a lot about the companys historic ability to grow earnings. (Read about how earnings can be linked to future growth in PEG Ratio Nails Down Value Stocks.)

While the pattern of growth is important, like all other valuation tools, the relative relationship of the growth rate matters, as well. For example, if a companys long-term earnings growth rate is 5% and the overall market averages 7%, the companys number is not that impressive. On the flip side, an earnings growth rate of 7%, when the market averages 5%, establishes a pattern of growing earnings faster than the market. This measure on its own is only a start, though; the company should then be compared to itsindustry and sector peers. (For related reading, see Five Tricks Companies Use During Earnings Season.)
Earnings Stability
Earnings stability is a measure of how consistently those earnings have been generated. Stable earnings growth typically occurs in industries where growth has a more predictable pattern. Earnings can grow at a rate similar to revenue growth; this is usually referred to as top-line growth and is more obvious to the casual observer. Earnings can also grow, because a company is cutting expenses to add to the bottom line. It is important to verify where the stability is coming from, when comparing one company to another. (For further reading, see Revenue Projections Show Profit Potential.)

Earnings Quality
Quality of earnings factors heavily into the evaluation of a companys status. This process is usually left to a professional analyst, but the casual analyst can take a few steps to determine the quality of a companys earnings. For example, if a company is growing its earnings, but has declining revenues and increasing costs, you can be guaranteed that this growth is an accounting anomaly and will, most likely, not last. (Read more in Earnings: Quality Means Everything.)

Return On Equity
Return on equity (ROE) measures the effectiveness of a companys management to turn a profit on the money that its shareholders have entrusted it with. ROE is calculated as follows:

ROE = Net Income / Shareholders Equity

ROE is the purest form of absolute and relative valuation and can be broken down even further. Like earnings growth, ROE can be compared to the overall market and then to peer groups in sectors and industries. Obviously, in the absence of any earnings, ROE would be negative. To this point, it is also important to examine the companys historical ROE to evaluate its consistency. Just like earnings, consistent ROE can help establish a pattern that a company can consistently deliver to shareholders. (For more on this topic, read Keep Your Eyes On The ROE, Earnings Power Drives Stocks and Profitability Indicator Ratios: Return On Equity.)

While all of these characteristics may lead to a sound investment in a good company, none of the metrics used to value a company should be allowed to stand alone. Dont make the common mistake of overlooking relative comparisons when evaluating whether a company is a good investment. (For further reading, see Peer Comparison Uncovers Undervalued Stocks and Relative Valuation: Dont Get Trapped.)
Where to Find Information
In order to compare information across a broad spectrum, data needs to be gathered. The internet can be a good place to look, but you have to know where to find it. Since the majority of information on the internet is free, the debate is whether to use the free information or subscribe to a service. A rule of thumb is the old adage, You get what you pay for. For example, if you are looking at comparing earnings quality across a market sector, a free website would probably provide just the raw data to compare. While this is a good place to start, it might behoove you to pay for a service that will scrub the data or point out the accounting anomalies, enabling a clearer comparison. (What youre getting isnt easy to determine. Find out how to get your moneys worth in Investment Services Stump Investors.)

The Bottom Line
While there are many ways to determine if a company that is widely regarded as good, is also a good investment, examining earnings and ROE are two of the best ways to draw a conclusion. Earnings growth is important, but its consistency and quality need to be evaluated to establish a pattern. ROE is one of the most basic valuation tools in an analysts arsenal, but should only be considered the first step in evaluating a companys ability to return a profit on shareholders equity. Finally, all of this consideration will be in vain if you dont compare your findings to a relative base. For some companies, a comparison to the overall market is fine, but most should be compared to their own industries and sectors.

[Black_NITE]

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[BoomPickens]

100 data points (or periods) on the daily chart is equal to the last 5 months of the weekly chart, which is shown by the data marked in the rectangle.

[Tellin_Fibs]

Most investors maintain a "cash" account that requires payment in full for each security purchase. But if you open a "margin" account, you can buy securities by borrowing money from your broker for a portion of the purchase price. For more information about how margin accounts work, read our publication, Margin: Borrowing Money To Pay for Stocks and FINRA's Investor Alert on this subject.

[GreenReeper]

When You Should Break Your Personal Finance Rules
Youve heard them time and time again, from parents, teachers, TV pundits and even friends: when it comes to personal finance, there are rules that must be followed to be successful. Like most conventional knowledge, most of these tried and true tidbits no longer apply to many of us. You dont need to look back too far to remember a time when conventional knowledge suggested that real estate values would continue to climb, seemingly forever, or that the Great Depression was an isolated event that could never again be possible, considering how far the worlds economies have come since the 1930s. All that being said, most people will continue to follow the same blueprint of financial rules as the generation before them. However, for those of you more interested in taking a more personalized approach to your personal finances, here are some rules that young adults are never supposed to break, but should consider breaking, anyway.



Saving or Investing a Set Portion of Your Income
Im sure youve heard, more times than you can remember, that by saving just a small amount of your pay check every month you can retire at 60, with an astronomically sized savings. Thats all well and good, when youre 60, but what about the 40 or so years of life from now until then? Usually the amount suggested is around 10%, and although the advice may be justifiable, your circumstances may not suit the strategy. For one, many young adults and students need to think about paying for the biggest expenses of their lifetime, such as a new car, home or post-secondary education. Taking away potentially 10 to 20% of available funds would be a definite setback in making said purchases. Additionally, saving for retirement doesnt make a whole lot of sense if you have credit cards or interest bearing loans that need to be paid off. The 19% interest rate on your Visa would probably negate the returns you get from your balanced mutual fund retirement portfolio, five times over. (For related reading, also see 8 Financial Tips For Young Adults.)

Also, saving your money to travel and experience new places and cultures can be an extremely rewarding experience, for a young person whos still not sure about their path in life. Most people cannot justify a year-long trip around the world when they are paying off a mortgage and car payments, not to mention putting away any extra money into their retirement savings. While being fiscally responsible at a young age is important, and thinking about your future in terms of a savings is crucial, the general rule of saving a given amount each period for your retirement may not be the best choice for young people just getting started in the real world. (For more, see Globetrotting On A Budget.)

Going to University
Although it may not be visible from afar, universities are a big business. Try to think of another industry where businesses can charge tens of thousands of dollars for their services, while at the same time receiving donations from happy old customers and receiving preferential tax treatment from Uncle Sam. Dont get me wrong, I am a big believer in the powers of higher education for individuals and society, as a whole. However, as the first-world shifts more and more positions overseas, and post-secondary enrollments continues to climb year after year, the laws of supply and demand are pointing to the contrary. More and more college grads are leaving school with no job prospects and thousands in student loans, and the importance of a college degree seems like a Catch 22. Employers are hesitant to hire applicants who dont have a college degree, however the number of qualified candidates can often far outnumber the positions needing to be filled.

For some, taking another path can pay off in spades. Looking into vocational schools that offer more specific job training at a much lower cost can get you started in the workforce years before your college counterparts. Jobs in construction, the trades and fire fighting can pay very well, be very rewarding and do not require a college degree. Before doing what the rest of your colleagues are doing, by heading off to university, think about what job you would like to do and whether or not you need to spend four years and $80,000 to do it. (For more, read Top 6 Jobs that Dont Require Degrees.)
Long Term Investing / Investing in Riskier Assets When Youre Young
The rule of thumb for young investors is that they should have a long-term outlook on their investments and stick to a buy and hold philosophy. This rule is one of the easier ones to justify breaking. For one, investors who followed the rules of buy and hold are still stinging from the credit crisis that occurred during 2007 and 2008. Savvy investors find attractive entry and exit points for stocks and use volatility in the markets to their advantage. Being able to adapt to changing markets can be the difference between making money, or limiting your losses, compared to sitting idly by and watching as your hard earned savings shrink. Short-term investing has its advantages at any age.

Now, if youre no longer married to the idea of long-term investing, you can stick to less risky investments, as well. The logic was, since young investors have such a long investment time horizon, they should be investing in higher risk ventures, since they have the rest of their lives to recover from any losses they may suffer. However, if you dont want to take on undue risk in your short to medium-term investments, you dont have to. The idea of diversification is an important part of creating a strong investment portfolio; this includes both the riskiness of individual stocks and their intended investment horizon. Keep in mind that an investment should make sense for both aspects, and youll no longer need to follow these old and tired investing rules.

The Bottom Line
The personal finance realm may have more smart tips and healthy tidbits than any other. Although these convenient rules of thumb are meant as general guidelines for the majority of people, remember that you are an individual. These were just a few personal finance rules that dont work for many young adults, there are countless others. Examine your own situation closely and do what makes the most sense for you financially, and chances are youll end up in the same place these rules are meant for you to reach.

[BoomPickens]

Where does this overhead supply come from? Demand was obviously increasing around 18 from Oct-98 to Mar-99 (green oval).

[Black_NITE]

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[Tellin_Fibs]

The opposite is true for illiquid securities. Liquidity depends on a number of forces including supply and demand, price transparency, trading history, market venue, market participants and freely tradable shares (public float).

[GreenReeper]

The Alphabet Soup Of Stocks


If youve ever watched financial TV or read financial papers, you may have heard of classifications like cyclical, growth and income stocks . As if the difference between preferred and common stocks wasnt enough, there are now more categories to add to the confusion! In this article, well try to replace the confusion with some clarity and logic.

Stocks and the Business Cycle
Many stocks can be broken into categories that denote the way in which different stocks perform during various times of the year or periods of the business cycle:
• Seasonal - These companies are characterized by the different levels of demand they face throughout the year. A snow shovel manufacturer, for example, is probably not very busy in the summer. Another seasonal effect is the increase in retail sales during the holidays. Butinvesting in seasonal stocks doesnt mean that you can automatically gain a healthy profit simply by purchasing a retail stock in the fall and selling it just after Christmas - not all seasonal stocks are guaranteed to do well, even during their peak seasons. When you analyzefinancial statements for a seasonal stock , you need to compare results to the same season of the previous year. (For related reading, see Analyzing Retail Stocks.)
• Non-Seasonal - These stocks are not affected by the change of seasons. Certain companies produce or sell goods that have what we call an inelastic demand curve. A good example is a peanut butter manufacturer - the demand for peanut butter is generally not affected by the weather or holidays.
• Cyclical - These companies, whose business activities intensely follow the business cycles of the economy, are always the first stocks to reflect a recession or an expansion. These companies dont necessarily intend to follow the business cycle, it just so happens that their products share this relationship with the economy. A good example of a company with cyclical stock would be a car manufacturer or an airline company. Luxury is one of the factors in the relationship between these stocks and the business cycle. Take Porsche, for example: when the economy is doing well, the sales of these fine automobiles rise. Conversely, when the economy goes into a slump, sales slow down.
• Non-Cyclical - This is the opposite of a cyclical stock. Profits of a non-cyclical stock do not change readily with the business cycle. These are companies that provide us with essentials, such as healthcare and food. Also referred to as defensive stocks, these stocks dont rely on the economic environment for increased sales. A perfect example is the diaper industry: regardless of whether the economy is busting or booming, parents have to buy diapers for their babies.
• Stocks and Dividends
Adding to the confusion, stocks are also classified according to their type of dividend payout schemes. Now remember, this is separate from what we have already discussed. Dividend payouts have little to do with the seasonal demands a company faces; instead, they are determined by each companys individual policies and objectives.
• Growth
- Growth stocks are known for their lack of dividends and rapidly increasing market prices. Defined by their tendency to grow faster than the market, these companies generally reinvest all earnings into infrastructure in order to maintain rapid growth, rather than directly paying out their earnings to investors. Young technology companies are often considered to be high growth, but the main characteristic of growth companies is that they believe that plowing earnings back into the research and development of new products benefits shareholders more than a dividend check every three months.
• Income - These stocks arent (usually) growth hungry, or theyve already reached their maximum growth potential. Income stocks prices do not tend to fluctuate a great deal. However, they do pay dividends that are higher than average. The value of an income stock depends on its reliability and track record in paying dividends. Generally, the longer a company has maintained dividend payments, the greater its value to investors. Historical examples of income stocks are real estate investment trusts (REITS) and utility stocks, many of which pay out annual dividends of 5% or more. (Learn how dividends benefit investors in The Power Of Dividend Growth.)Stock Slang Terms
Finally, the financial industry uses many slang terms to describe and categorize stocks. These terms arent always intuitive, but they do have their place in the financial world. Here are some of the many terms used to characterize stocks:
• Blue Chip – These are companies that are cream-of-the-crop, old-school and everlasting. Blue chips tend to be market mammoths, and have proven their ability to survive through both good times and bad. The term comes from poker, where blue chips are the ones with the highest value. These companies are generally expensive to purchase but can be safe bets. General Electric (NYSE:GE), Wal-Mart (NYSE:WMT) and IBM (NYSE:IBM) have all established themselves as blue chips.
• Penny Stock - The term penny stock is used to denote stocks that trade for less than a dollar, but can also refer to stocks that are considered very speculative. These stocks are generally new to the market, with no reputation or history to fall back on. Penny stocks present the possibility of large gains or losses. (For related reading, check out Spot Hotshot Penny Stocks.)
• Bo Derek – This is a term created by traders in the late 70s to describe the perfect stock. Back then, actress Bo Derek was considered the perfect 10. This slang term might be a little dated for a new generation of investors, as Bo Derek was famous in another era.

Conclusion
Now, how do these terms fit with one another you might ask? Well, next time you hear a cyclical income stock referred to as a real Bo Derek, youll know what it means. A stocks categorization can be varied and prone to change in different situations. Stocks that were once speculative may become blue chip, cyclical stocks can become non-cyclical due to some widespread economic changes and seasonal stocks may reduce their exposure to seasonal pressures by exporting goods. Changing times mean that dynamic companies will change their visions and goals. The important thing is to not only remember what category a stock falls under, but also how it compares to other stocks of the same group.

[Tellin_Fibs]

The advantages of OTC derivatives over exchange-traded ones are mainly the lower fees and taxes, and greater freedom of negotiation and customization of a transaction, as it involves only a seller and a buyer and no standardization authority.

[BoomPickens]

Generally, the tighter the range, the more exact the level. If the trading range spans less than 2 months and the price range is relatively tight, then more exact support and resistance levels are best suited.

[Black_NITE]

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[GreenReeper]

Understanding Financial Liquidity
Do you know how much easily accessible money you have in the form of cash and equivalents? This is a measure of your liquidity. As youll see, this concept plays a role in your financial and investing lives and those of the companies you buy and sell. Starting from a definition of liquidity with examples of different types, well move on to a discussion of how banks play a role in keeping liquidity available. Well then look at liquidity from an investors viewpoint in terms of the stock market. Finally, well end off with a brief look at a couple of financial ratios that can be used to evaluate a companys liquidity.

Tutorial: Basic Financial Concepts

What Is Liquidity?
Liquidity is the term used to describe how easy it is to convert assets to cash. The most liquid asset, and what everything else is compared to, is cash. This is because it can always be used easily and immediately.

Certificates of deposit are slightly less liquid, because there is usually a penalty for converting them to cash before their maturity date. Savings bonds are also quite liquid, since they can be sold at a bank fairly easily. Finally, shares of stock, bonds, options and commodities are considered fairly liquid, because they can usually be sold readily and you can receive the cash within a few days. Each of the above can be considered as cash or cash equivalents because they can be converted to cash with little effort, although sometimes with a slight penalty. (For related reading, see The Money Market.)

Moving down the scale, we run into assets that take a bit more effort or time before they can be realized as cash. One example would be preferred or restricted shares, which usually have covenants dictating how and when they might be sold. Other examples are items like coins, stamps, art and other collectibles. If you were to sell to another collector, you might get full value but it could take a while, even with the internet easing the way. If you go to a dealer instead, you could get cash more quickly, but you may receive less of it. (For further reading, see Contemplating Collectible Investments and A Primer On Preferred Stocks.)

The least liquid asset is usually considered to be real estate because that can take weeks or months to sell.

When we invest in any assets, we need to keep their liquidity levels in mind because it can be difficult or time consuming to convert certain assets back into cash.

Other than selling an asset, cash can be obtained by borrowing against it. While this may be done privately between two people, it is more often done through a bank. A bank has the cash from many depositors pooled together and can more easily meet the needs of any borrower.

Furthermore, if a depositor needs cash right away, that person can just withdraw it from the bank rather than going to the borrower and demanding payment of the entire note. Thus, banks act as financial intermediaries between lenders and borrowers, allowing for a smooth flow of money and meeting the needs of each side of a loan.

Liquidity and the Stock Market
In the market, liquidity has a slightly different meaning, although still tied to how easily assets, in this case shares of stock, can be converted to cash. The market for a stock is said to be liquid if the shares can be rapidly sold and the act of selling has little impact on the stocks price. Generally, this translates to where the shares are traded and the level of interest that investors have in the company. Company stock traded on the major exchanges can usually be considered liquid. Often, approximately 1% of the float trades hands daily, indicating a high degree of interest in the stock. On the other hand, company stock traded on the pink sheets or over the counter are often non-liquid, with very few, even zero, shares traded daily.
Another way to judge liquidity in a companys stock is to look at the bid/ask spread. For liquid stocks, such as Microsoft or General Electric, the spread is often just a few pennies - much less than 1% of the price. For illiquid stocks, the spread can be much larger, amounting to a few percent of the trading price. (For more insight, see Why The Bid-Ask Spread Is So Important.)

One thing to note as an investor when placing an order, is the liquidity of the stock. During normal market hours on the major exchanges, placing a limit order will get you the price you are looking for. This is particularly true for companies that are non-liquid, or during after-hours trading when fewer traders are active; at these times, it is better to place a limit order because the lower liquidity may lead to a price you would not be willing to pay. (To learn more, see The Basics Of Order Entry.)

Liquidity and Companies
One last understanding of liquidity is especially important for investors: the liquidity of companies that we may wish to invest in.

Cash is a companys lifeblood. In other words, a company can sell lots of widgets and have good net earnings, but if it cant collect the actual cash from its customers on a timely basis, it will soon fold up, unable to pay its own obligations. (To read more, check out The Essentials Of Cash Flow and Spotting Cash Cows.)

Several ratios look at how easily a company can meet its current obligations. One of these is the current ratio, which compares the level of current assets to current liabilities. Remember that in this context, current means collectible or payable within one year. Depending on the industry, companies with good liquidity will usually have a current ratio of more than two. This shows that a company has the resources on hand to meet its obligations and is less likely to borrow money or enter bankruptcy.

A more stringent measure is the quick ratio, sometimes called the acid test ratio. This uses current assets (excluding inventory) and compares them to current liabilities. Inventory is removed because, of the various current assets such as cash, short-term investments or accounts receivable, this is the most difficult to convert into cash. A value of greater than one is usually considered good from a liquidity viewpoint, but this is industry dependent. (To read more, see The Dynamic Current Ratio and Analyze Investments Quickly With Ratios.)
One last ratio of note is the debt/equity ratio, usually defined as total liabilities divided by stockholders equity. While this does not measure a companys liquidity directly, it is related. Generally, companies with a higher debt/equity ratio will be less liquid, as more of their available cash must be used to service and reduce the debt. This leaves less cash for other purposes.

Bottom Line
Liquidity is important for both individuals and companies. While a person may be rich in terms of total value of assets owned, that person may also end up in trouble if he or she is unable to convert those assets into cash. The same holds true for companies. Without cash coming in the door, they can quickly get into trouble with their creditors. Banks are important for both groups, providing financial intermediation between those who need cash and those who can offer it, thus keeping the cash flowing. An understanding of the liquidity of a companys stock within the market helps investors judge when to buy or sell shares. Finally, an understanding of a companys own liquidity helps investors avoid those that might run into trouble in the near future.

[Tellin_Fibs]

Be wary of buying stocks on margin. Make sure you understand how a margin account works, and what happens in the worst case scenario before you agree to buy on margin.

[Black_NITE]

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