Register for free to join our community of investors and share your ideas. You will also get access to streaming quotes, interactive charts, trades, portfolio, live options flow and more tools.
Look at BIXT : www.bioxytraninc.com
Glycovirology is a totally newly science emerging from this company.
Here comes the scary, end of the world as we know it, get boosted 300 times, trust the science, wear N95 or full hasmat suit NINJA ??variant
I sell a portion of GALT which I’ve held for years and within 2 hours it jumps 15%. Whenever I bought GALT, it ALWAYS dropped 20% within a day.
You are welcome GALT longs.
New lows on galectin inhibitors might be a result of long time galectin advocate breaking his silence and presenting on emerging growth the possibility of a phase 3 drug candidate on oral and IV form. With a Covid approval could easily go after the markets of the other galectin inhibitors by finding a Covid-19 use case first. So if you love galectin science you gotta sell the others and move into BIXT. EG interview was amazing. Just looks like potential company rotation.
According to the annual report he is an officer of company
Isn’t that the stock (BXIT) that stock promoter Mike Sheikh owns?
https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/srch-edgar?text=Sheikh%2C+Michael&first=2022&last=2022
And isn’t he partnered up with stock promoter Dana Salzarulo ?
What’s the real deal here?
“This stock is terrible. One of the worst run biotech companies out there right now.”
At least it’s consistent. It’s been run by crooks and charlatans ever since its PRWP days - over 20 years now.
Here’s what everyone’s favorite biotech analyst Adam Feuerstein said about PRWP a decade ago:
“Pro-Pharmaceuticals
(PRWP.OB)
a few years back, and after years of languishing in losses, he's wondering whether it's actually a real company with a real drug candidate, Davanat, or whether it's an out-and-out scam or somewhere in between... Do you have a view on this company? I'm a huge admirer of your column, and have to admire anyone who flushes CEOs of companies like
Generex
(GNBT)
and
Cell Therapeutics
(CTIC)
out of the woodwork in the way you have. I suspect that makes you eminently qualified to comment on Pro-Pharmaceuticals."
I called the public relations people working with Pro-Pharma on Wednesday asking for slides and/or published articles so that I could review the phase II data on Davanat in colon cancer, the drug's lead indication.
Pro-Pharma's spokeswoman explained to me the company hasn't presented or published any of the Davanat data (from a study conducted in 2004-2006) because the FDA places "serious restrictions" on publishing clinical data without the agency's approval.
"Since Pro-Pharmaceuticals is in the design stage of phase III based on its phase II study, the company has not applied to the FDA regarding publishing the
phase II clinical data," the company spokeswoman told me in an email, after she consulted with Pro-Pharma's chief scientist AnatoleKlyosov.
I'm not identifying the spokeswoman because she's nice and is just doing her job. No need to embarrass her any further.
Naturally, the biotech B.S. detector chip implanted in my brain went into red alert mode after hearing that cockamamie excuse for not sharing old phase II data. The story doesn't get any better after reading what little Pro-Pharma has said publicly about Davanat.
Pro-Pharma claims to have run a phase II study enrolling 25 patients with advanced colon cancer treated with Davanat and the chemo drug 5-FU in which the median overall survival was 6.7 months, or 46% higher than the 4.6-month median overall survival for patients treated with best standard of care.
Except that survival advantage is totally made up because the study treated all patients with Davanat and 5-FU, with no control arm to perform any credible analysis of a survival benefit. Pro-Pharma acknowledges this in the fine print of its corporate slides, stating that the 4.6-month median overall survival for patients treated with best standard of care comes from a "recent publication" i.e. someone else's clinical study.
Davanat is supposed to increase the amount of chemotherapy that can be administered to a patient while also decreasing the side effects. After looking at the sparse clinical data available on Davanat, my confidence level in the authenticity of these claims is rather low.
Pro-Pharma seems to operate on a shoestring budget, which has forced the halt to several other studies of Davanat. It's not entirely clear if any of the Davanat studies were ever completely finished per design; Pro-Pharma says it stopped the phase II colon cancer study, for example, because "we achieved our objective."
Um, but usually, companies complete patient enrollment and treatment before conducting an analysis and concluding that a study's objectives were met. For some reason, Pro-Pharma operates clinical trials backwards. Maybe this is why it's the only company in all of biotech that needs FDA permission to present or publish phase II data?
On Wednesday, Pro-Pharma said it was moving ahead with plans for a commercial launch of Davanat in Colombia. That's Colombia, the country in South America. Apparently, Colombia President Alvaro Uribe is really excited about bringing Davanat to all Colombians suffering from colon cancer.
I'll stop now. Alex, I hope you have your answer.”
https://www.thestreet.com/.amp/investing/stocks/biotech-stock-mailbag-aspenbio-10741455
This stock is terrible. One of the worst run biotech companies out there right now.
Haven’t you noticed ? The medical industry and media have done everything they can to discourage treatment and even sensible prevention of that virus. They only want vaccines.
Should have led off with this : Thank you glycobio for all the wonderful ingrown you’ve shared. That’s very encouraging
There are so many indications which SOME body should be working on. But GALT won’t have the money for years. Apparently there’s still no other corporate interest on what GALT has to offer. Chiles is no longer working GALT on cancer. (Maybe that’s good; Chiles was too EFFING slow) Phase 2b/3 for NASH might be done in … 2027 ?
Volume is back down to the trickle of 3 years ago. I see a possible 6 years of downward drifting share price.
A friend just sent me this:
https://stocktwits.com/dfbigs/message/399593867
I’m a GALT shareholder
Looks like there is another Galectin company in clinical trails!
Bioxytran, Inc.
The info below was news to me.
“What we found was really astonishing for us. After we inhibited the galectin1 protein, the brain tumors simply didn't grow for several months," says Arezu Jahani-Asl, an Associate Professor of Medicine at McGill University. "To improve patient response to therapy, we must exploit these newly identified vulnerabilities in cancer stem cells."
Fighting brain cancer at its root
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-08-brain-cancer-root.amp
Nice, comprehensive pice about belapectin. I'm long time investor and believer. Still we need lot of patience. Ph3 trial will take long time. Buyout possible on cancer data
Scientists, medical researchers statements about GALT.
Galectins as a therapeutic target is a very exciting frontier in medicine. I see some uninformed posts here from non-experts. Why not instead take a closer look at what the scientists and medical researchers are saying. Here's a compilation of very recent statements from the research community.
Dr. Lawitz has over 300 publications to include publications in the New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Journal of Hepatology. In addition, Dr. Lawitz serves on the editorial board of Lancet, Gastroenterology, American Journal of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology & Clinical Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Journal of Hepatology, and Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.
"Belapectin represents a new therapeutic mechanism for treating patients with NASH cirrhosis. A previously reported Phase 2 trial of belapectin enrolled 162 patients with portal hypertension who had a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) equal to or greater than six millimeters of mercury and compensated NASH cirrhosis. In the 54 patients with mild portal hypertension, defined as an HVPG of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at baseline, the patients on placebo had an increase in their HVPG of 26%, while those in the belapectin treatment group saw a reduction in their HVPG of 2 to 3%."
"In addition, this trial demonstrated that in subjects without esophageal varices at baseline, belapectin had a statistically significant reduction in the absolute and percentage change in HVPG. In a post hoc analysis, it was also seen that patients with no varices at baseline, who were then administered the placebo, developed varices at a higher rate than those treated with belapectin. Taken together, these data from the prior trial support the evaluation of belapectin in a Phase 2b/Phase 3 clinical trial to evaluate the use of belapectin in the reduction of incidence of new varices in patients with NASH cirrhosis who have yet to develop esophageal varices."
---
Recent paper in the journal Nature (#1 scientific journal in the world) mentions GALT GR-MD-02 (belapectin) as a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. Chiles Research Institute previously found that GR-MD-02 reduces MDSCs in the clinical trial.
Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention
"The CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine receptors are known to recruit immune suppressive cells, such as MDSCs into the TME. Blocking the CXCR2 chemokine signaling using anti-CXCR2 mAb was reported to disrupt the CXCR2-mediated tumor trafficking of MDSCs, and improved the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy.674 Other approaches inhibiting the infiltration of MDSCs in patients include the inhibition of galectin-3 by GR-MD-02 and the inhibition of CCR2 by CCX872.675,676 In general, targeting cytokine or chemokines related to the expansion and infiltration of MDSCs has been shown to significantly improve the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy."
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00658-5
---
"Immunosuppressive Roles of Galectin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment"
Galectin Therapeutics Inc. has developed two such polysaccharides, GM-CT-01 (Davanat; Figure 2C) and GR-MD-02 (Belapectin; Figure 2D), which have been tested in clinical trials. In addition to binding to Gal-1, both GM-CT-01 and GR-MD-02 bind to Gal-3 [79]. GM-CT-01 has been tested alone and in combination with the chemotherapy drug 5-Fluorouracil (5#$%$ in pre-clinical trials in Phase I and Phase II of clinical studies for metastatic colorectal cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00110721 and NCT00054977) [80]. The clinical results show that: (a) GM-CT-01 was non-toxic, and a dose-limiting toxicity was not reached; (b) 70% of the patients were stabilized at the highest GM-CT-01 dose level (280 mg/m2/day) level; (c) a 46% increase in longevity of the patients (based on the Median Overall Survival) was achieved compared with the best standard of care; and (d) a 41% reduction in serious adverse effects was achieved compared to the best standard of care. In Phase II clinical studies, GR-MD-02 showed significant and clinically meaningful effects in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis patients without esophageal varices (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02462967) [81]. There is an ongoing Phase I clinical study designed for a dose escalation of GR-MD-02, with the standard therapeutic dose of anti-PD1 (pembrolizumab) in patients with advanced melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and head and neck squamous cell cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02575404)."
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/10/1398/htm
---
How does the branched structure of GALT belapectin work to inhibit galectin-3? This recent paper from Germany (14 April 2021) explains the binding properties of carbohydrate inhibitors for cancer therapy.
According to the GALT description, "Currently in development, belapectin, a new chemical entity, is a proprietary galactoarabino-rhamnogalacturonan polysaccharide polymer comprising galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose and smaller amounts of other sugars. Structural studies have shown that belapectin binds to galectin-1 and galectin-3, though it has greater binding affinity to galectin-3 than to galectin-1. Belapectin targets extracellular galectins."
The new German study looks at galactans that are mainly composed of galactose and arabinose. It is well documented that rhamnose is a galectin inhibitor. This new study reinforces the evidence how galactose and arabinose also act to inhibit galectin-3.
Thus, we have belapectin which has 3 galectin inhibitor molecules: galactose, arabinose, rhamnose in a potent combination.
Degraded Arabinogalactans and Their Binding Properties to Cancer-Associated Human Galectins
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/4058/htm
---
“What we found was really astonishing for us. After we inhibited the galectin1 protein, the brain tumors simply didn't grow for several months," says Arezu Jahani-Asl, an Associate Professor of Medicine at McGill University. "To improve patient response to therapy, we must exploit these newly identified vulnerabilities in cancer stem cells."
Fighting brain cancer at its root
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-08-brain-cancer-root.amp
---
This should make big pharma curious:
"Alzheimer's disease: Is there a role for galectins?"
New in the 15 Oct 2021 publication.
This can only serve to increase the curiosity of big pharma.
Lots of interesting details reviewing various studies, followed by the conclusion,
"counteracting the inflammatory process and protein sedimentation have been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus it could be worthwhile to evaluate gal-3 in the context of AD-modifying drugs for future therapeutic strategies."
"Despite significant progress that has already been achieved in terms of understanding AD, the disease is presently without any effective/selective mode of treatment. Newer agents must be evaluated for the development of more effective treatment strategies. In this respect, a broad systematic analysis of the molecular pathogenesis of AD must be conducted with a special focus on galectins. In the near future, this may help devise more advanced therapeutic approaches for an early diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s."
---
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299921005902
Here's what big pharma, and the experts saying about GALT belapectin potential for cancer.
Copied and pasted from a Bristol Myers Squibb patent from last year, the last sentence with reference to the GALT trial:
Gal-3 is localized in many cellular locations such as the
cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell surface. Gal-3 is also secreted by
various cell types, mainly macrophages and monocytes, into the
bloodstream. Gal-3 is involved in the development of the fibrotic
process in multiple organs such as lung and kidney. Gal-3 has
also been identified as a biomarker for heart failure. Modulation
of Gal-3 can be used in the treatment of cancer. Recently, Gal-3
inhibitors have proven to have positive effects when used in
combination immunotherapy.
Statement from Chiles Research Institute, the same world renowned cancer research center that helped with the 2018 Nobel Prize for the development of cancer immunotherapy:
“Immunotherapy is a significant breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers, but tumor-induced immune suppression contributes to treatment resistance. Galectin-3 is an important driver of this tumor-induced immunosuppression, and this clinical study constitutes proof-of-concept that the addition of belapectin, a galectin-3 inhibitor, to a PD-1 inhibitor can benefit cancer patients,” said Dr. Brendan Curti, M.D., Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, a division of Providence, and the first author of the paper.
---
Harvard study
Increased Circulating Levels of Galectin Proteins in Patients with Breast, Colon, and Lung Cancer
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/19/4819/htm
Abstract
Galectins are proteins with high-affinity ß-galactoside-binding sites that function in a variety of signaling pathways through interactions with glycoproteins. The known contributions of galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and evasion of immune destruction led us to investigate the circulating levels of these galectins in cancer patients. This study compares galectin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from each stage of breast, lung, and colon cancer. Galectins-1 and -7, which share a prototype structure, were found to have statistically significant increases in breast and lung cancer. Of the tandem-repeat galectins, galectin-8 showed no statistically significant change in these cancer types, but galectin-9 was increased in colon and lung cancer. Galectin-3 is the only chimera-type galectin and was increased in all stages of breast, colon, and lung cancer. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the galectin levels in patients with these cancers compared with healthy controls, and galectin levels did not significantly change from stage to stage. These findings suggest that further research on the roles of galectins early in disease pathogenesis may lead to novel indications for galectin inhibitors.
Currently, work is underway to use galectins as biomarkers and as targets for clinical therapy. Galectins have been investigated as markers for heart failure, atrial fibrillation, endometriosis, and various cancers [19,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. Research and clinical trials are also considering galectins as potential therapeutic targets, where galectin-1 and -3 inhibitors are specifically being investigated [33,34,35]. Additionally, the galectin profiles of the patients generated from this study will improve the characterization of their disease state and allow for potential identification of patients who would benefit from participation in clinical trials of galectin inhibitors.
Scientists, medical researchers statements about GALT.
Galectins as a therapeutic target is a very exciting frontier in medicine. I see some uninformed posts here from non-experts. Why not instead take a closer look at what the scientists and medical researchers are saying. Here's a compilation of very recent statements from the research community.
Dr. Lawitz has over 300 publications to include publications in the New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Journal of Hepatology. In addition, Dr. Lawitz serves on the editorial board of Lancet, Gastroenterology, American Journal of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology & Clinical Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Journal of Hepatology, and Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.
"Belapectin represents a new therapeutic mechanism for treating patients with NASH cirrhosis. A previously reported Phase 2 trial of belapectin enrolled 162 patients with portal hypertension who had a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) equal to or greater than six millimeters of mercury and compensated NASH cirrhosis. In the 54 patients with mild portal hypertension, defined as an HVPG of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at baseline, the patients on placebo had an increase in their HVPG of 26%, while those in the belapectin treatment group saw a reduction in their HVPG of 2 to 3%."
"In addition, this trial demonstrated that in subjects without esophageal varices at baseline, belapectin had a statistically significant reduction in the absolute and percentage change in HVPG. In a post hoc analysis, it was also seen that patients with no varices at baseline, who were then administered the placebo, developed varices at a higher rate than those treated with belapectin. Taken together, these data from the prior trial support the evaluation of belapectin in a Phase 2b/Phase 3 clinical trial to evaluate the use of belapectin in the reduction of incidence of new varices in patients with NASH cirrhosis who have yet to develop esophageal varices."
---
Recent paper in the journal Nature (#1 scientific journal in the world) mentions GALT GR-MD-02 (belapectin) as a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. Chiles Research Institute previously found that GR-MD-02 reduces MDSCs in the clinical trial.
Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention
"The CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine receptors are known to recruit immune suppressive cells, such as MDSCs into the TME. Blocking the CXCR2 chemokine signaling using anti-CXCR2 mAb was reported to disrupt the CXCR2-mediated tumor trafficking of MDSCs, and improved the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy.674 Other approaches inhibiting the infiltration of MDSCs in patients include the inhibition of galectin-3 by GR-MD-02 and the inhibition of CCR2 by CCX872.675,676 In general, targeting cytokine or chemokines related to the expansion and infiltration of MDSCs has been shown to significantly improve the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy."
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00658-5
---
"Immunosuppressive Roles of Galectin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment"
Galectin Therapeutics Inc. has developed two such polysaccharides, GM-CT-01 (Davanat; Figure 2C) and GR-MD-02 (Belapectin; Figure 2D), which have been tested in clinical trials. In addition to binding to Gal-1, both GM-CT-01 and GR-MD-02 bind to Gal-3 [79]. GM-CT-01 has been tested alone and in combination with the chemotherapy drug 5-Fluorouracil (5#$%$ in pre-clinical trials in Phase I and Phase II of clinical studies for metastatic colorectal cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00110721 and NCT00054977) [80]. The clinical results show that: (a) GM-CT-01 was non-toxic, and a dose-limiting toxicity was not reached; (b) 70% of the patients were stabilized at the highest GM-CT-01 dose level (280 mg/m2/day) level; (c) a 46% increase in longevity of the patients (based on the Median Overall Survival) was achieved compared with the best standard of care; and (d) a 41% reduction in serious adverse effects was achieved compared to the best standard of care. In Phase II clinical studies, GR-MD-02 showed significant and clinically meaningful effects in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis patients without esophageal varices (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02462967) [81]. There is an ongoing Phase I clinical study designed for a dose escalation of GR-MD-02, with the standard therapeutic dose of anti-PD1 (pembrolizumab) in patients with advanced melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and head and neck squamous cell cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02575404)."
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/10/1398/htm
---
How does the branched structure of GALT belapectin work to inhibit galectin-3? This recent paper from Germany (14 April 2021) explains the binding properties of carbohydrate inhibitors for cancer therapy.
According to the GALT description, "Currently in development, belapectin, a new chemical entity, is a proprietary galactoarabino-rhamnogalacturonan polysaccharide polymer comprising galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose and smaller amounts of other sugars. Structural studies have shown that belapectin binds to galectin-1 and galectin-3, though it has greater binding affinity to galectin-3 than to galectin-1. Belapectin targets extracellular galectins."
The new German study looks at galactans that are mainly composed of galactose and arabinose. It is well documented that rhamnose is a galectin inhibitor. This new study reinforces the evidence how galactose and arabinose also act to inhibit galectin-3.
Thus, we have belapectin which has 3 galectin inhibitor molecules: galactose, arabinose, rhamnose in a potent combination.
Degraded Arabinogalactans and Their Binding Properties to Cancer-Associated Human Galectins
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/4058/htm
---
“What we found was really astonishing for us. After we inhibited the galectin1 protein, the brain tumors simply didn't grow for several months," says Arezu Jahani-Asl, an Associate Professor of Medicine at McGill University. "To improve patient response to therapy, we must exploit these newly identified vulnerabilities in cancer stem cells."
Fighting brain cancer at its root
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-08-brain-cancer-root.amp
---
This should make big pharma curious:
"Alzheimer's disease: Is there a role for galectins?"
New in the 15 Oct 2021 publication.
This can only serve to increase the curiosity of big pharma.
Lots of interesting details reviewing various studies, followed by the conclusion,
"counteracting the inflammatory process and protein sedimentation have been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus it could be worthwhile to evaluate gal-3 in the context of AD-modifying drugs for future therapeutic strategies."
"Despite significant progress that has already been achieved in terms of understanding AD, the disease is presently without any effective/selective mode of treatment. Newer agents must be evaluated for the development of more effective treatment strategies. In this respect, a broad systematic analysis of the molecular pathogenesis of AD must be conducted with a special focus on galectins. In the near future, this may help devise more advanced therapeutic approaches for an early diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s."
---
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299921005902
Here's what big pharma, and the experts saying about GALT belapectin potential for cancer.
Copied and pasted from a Bristol Myers Squibb patent from last year, the last sentence with reference to the GALT trial:
Gal-3 is localized in many cellular locations such as the
cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell surface. Gal-3 is also secreted by
various cell types, mainly macrophages and monocytes, into the
bloodstream. Gal-3 is involved in the development of the fibrotic
process in multiple organs such as lung and kidney. Gal-3 has
also been identified as a biomarker for heart failure. Modulation
of Gal-3 can be used in the treatment of cancer. Recently, Gal-3
inhibitors have proven to have positive effects when used in
combination immunotherapy.
Statement from Chiles Research Institute, the same world renowned cancer research center that helped with the 2018 Nobel Prize for the development of cancer immunotherapy:
“Immunotherapy is a significant breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers, but tumor-induced immune suppression contributes to treatment resistance. Galectin-3 is an important driver of this tumor-induced immunosuppression, and this clinical study constitutes proof-of-concept that the addition of belapectin, a galectin-3 inhibitor, to a PD-1 inhibitor can benefit cancer patients,” said Dr. Brendan Curti, M.D., Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, a division of Providence, and the first author of the paper.
---
Harvard study
Increased Circulating Levels of Galectin Proteins in Patients with Breast, Colon, and Lung Cancer
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/19/4819/htm
Abstract
Galectins are proteins with high-affinity ß-galactoside-binding sites that function in a variety of signaling pathways through interactions with glycoproteins. The known contributions of galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and evasion of immune destruction led us to investigate the circulating levels of these galectins in cancer patients. This study compares galectin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from each stage of breast, lung, and colon cancer. Galectins-1 and -7, which share a prototype structure, were found to have statistically significant increases in breast and lung cancer. Of the tandem-repeat galectins, galectin-8 showed no statistically significant change in these cancer types, but galectin-9 was increased in colon and lung cancer. Galectin-3 is the only chimera-type galectin and was increased in all stages of breast, colon, and lung cancer. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the galectin levels in patients with these cancers compared with healthy controls, and galectin levels did not significantly change from stage to stage. These findings suggest that further research on the roles of galectins early in disease pathogenesis may lead to novel indications for galectin inhibitors.
Currently, work is underway to use galectins as biomarkers and as targets for clinical therapy. Galectins have been investigated as markers for heart failure, atrial fibrillation, endometriosis, and various cancers [19,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. Research and clinical trials are also considering galectins as potential therapeutic targets, where galectin-1 and -3 inhibitors are specifically being investigated [33,34,35]. Additionally, the galectin profiles of the patients generated from this study will improve the characterization of their disease state and allow for potential identification of patients who would benefit from participation in clinical trials of galectin inhibitors.
Scientists, medical researchers statements about GALT.
Galectins as a therapeutic target is a very exciting frontier in medicine. I see some uninformed posts here from non-experts. Why not instead take a closer look at what the scientists and medical researchers are saying. Here's a compilation of very recent statements from the research community.
Dr. Lawitz has over 300 publications to include publications in the New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Journal of Hepatology. In addition, Dr. Lawitz serves on the editorial board of Lancet, Gastroenterology, American Journal of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology & Clinical Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Journal of Hepatology, and Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.
"Belapectin represents a new therapeutic mechanism for treating patients with NASH cirrhosis. A previously reported Phase 2 trial of belapectin enrolled 162 patients with portal hypertension who had a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) equal to or greater than six millimeters of mercury and compensated NASH cirrhosis. In the 54 patients with mild portal hypertension, defined as an HVPG of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at baseline, the patients on placebo had an increase in their HVPG of 26%, while those in the belapectin treatment group saw a reduction in their HVPG of 2 to 3%."
"In addition, this trial demonstrated that in subjects without esophageal varices at baseline, belapectin had a statistically significant reduction in the absolute and percentage change in HVPG. In a post hoc analysis, it was also seen that patients with no varices at baseline, who were then administered the placebo, developed varices at a higher rate than those treated with belapectin. Taken together, these data from the prior trial support the evaluation of belapectin in a Phase 2b/Phase 3 clinical trial to evaluate the use of belapectin in the reduction of incidence of new varices in patients with NASH cirrhosis who have yet to develop esophageal varices."
---
Recent paper in the journal Nature (#1 scientific journal in the world) mentions GALT GR-MD-02 (belapectin) as a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. Chiles Research Institute previously found that GR-MD-02 reduces MDSCs in the clinical trial.
Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention
"The CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine receptors are known to recruit immune suppressive cells, such as MDSCs into the TME. Blocking the CXCR2 chemokine signaling using anti-CXCR2 mAb was reported to disrupt the CXCR2-mediated tumor trafficking of MDSCs, and improved the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy.674 Other approaches inhibiting the infiltration of MDSCs in patients include the inhibition of galectin-3 by GR-MD-02 and the inhibition of CCR2 by CCX872.675,676 In general, targeting cytokine or chemokines related to the expansion and infiltration of MDSCs has been shown to significantly improve the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy."
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00658-5
---
"Immunosuppressive Roles of Galectin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment"
Galectin Therapeutics Inc. has developed two such polysaccharides, GM-CT-01 (Davanat; Figure 2C) and GR-MD-02 (Belapectin; Figure 2D), which have been tested in clinical trials. In addition to binding to Gal-1, both GM-CT-01 and GR-MD-02 bind to Gal-3 [79]. GM-CT-01 has been tested alone and in combination with the chemotherapy drug 5-Fluorouracil (5#$%$ in pre-clinical trials in Phase I and Phase II of clinical studies for metastatic colorectal cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00110721 and NCT00054977) [80]. The clinical results show that: (a) GM-CT-01 was non-toxic, and a dose-limiting toxicity was not reached; (b) 70% of the patients were stabilized at the highest GM-CT-01 dose level (280 mg/m2/day) level; (c) a 46% increase in longevity of the patients (based on the Median Overall Survival) was achieved compared with the best standard of care; and (d) a 41% reduction in serious adverse effects was achieved compared to the best standard of care. In Phase II clinical studies, GR-MD-02 showed significant and clinically meaningful effects in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis patients without esophageal varices (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02462967) [81]. There is an ongoing Phase I clinical study designed for a dose escalation of GR-MD-02, with the standard therapeutic dose of anti-PD1 (pembrolizumab) in patients with advanced melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and head and neck squamous cell cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02575404)."
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/10/1398/htm
---
How does the branched structure of GALT belapectin work to inhibit galectin-3? This recent paper from Germany (14 April 2021) explains the binding properties of carbohydrate inhibitors for cancer therapy.
According to the GALT description, "Currently in development, belapectin, a new chemical entity, is a proprietary galactoarabino-rhamnogalacturonan polysaccharide polymer comprising galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose and smaller amounts of other sugars. Structural studies have shown that belapectin binds to galectin-1 and galectin-3, though it has greater binding affinity to galectin-3 than to galectin-1. Belapectin targets extracellular galectins."
The new German study looks at galactans that are mainly composed of galactose and arabinose. It is well documented that rhamnose is a galectin inhibitor. This new study reinforces the evidence how galactose and arabinose also act to inhibit galectin-3.
Thus, we have belapectin which has 3 galectin inhibitor molecules: galactose, arabinose, rhamnose in a potent combination.
Degraded Arabinogalactans and Their Binding Properties to Cancer-Associated Human Galectins
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/4058/htm
---
“What we found was really astonishing for us. After we inhibited the galectin1 protein, the brain tumors simply didn't grow for several months," says Arezu Jahani-Asl, an Associate Professor of Medicine at McGill University. "To improve patient response to therapy, we must exploit these newly identified vulnerabilities in cancer stem cells."
Fighting brain cancer at its root
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-08-brain-cancer-root.amp
---
This should make big pharma curious:
"Alzheimer's disease: Is there a role for galectins?"
New in the 15 Oct 2021 publication.
This can only serve to increase the curiosity of big pharma.
Lots of interesting details reviewing various studies, followed by the conclusion,
"counteracting the inflammatory process and protein sedimentation have been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus it could be worthwhile to evaluate gal-3 in the context of AD-modifying drugs for future therapeutic strategies."
"Despite significant progress that has already been achieved in terms of understanding AD, the disease is presently without any effective/selective mode of treatment. Newer agents must be evaluated for the development of more effective treatment strategies. In this respect, a broad systematic analysis of the molecular pathogenesis of AD must be conducted with a special focus on galectins. In the near future, this may help devise more advanced therapeutic approaches for an early diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s."
---
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299921005902
Here's what big pharma, and the experts saying about GALT belapectin potential for cancer.
Copied and pasted from a Bristol Myers Squibb patent from last year, the last sentence with reference to the GALT trial:
Gal-3 is localized in many cellular locations such as the
cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell surface. Gal-3 is also secreted by
various cell types, mainly macrophages and monocytes, into the
bloodstream. Gal-3 is involved in the development of the fibrotic
process in multiple organs such as lung and kidney. Gal-3 has
also been identified as a biomarker for heart failure. Modulation
of Gal-3 can be used in the treatment of cancer. Recently, Gal-3
inhibitors have proven to have positive effects when used in
combination immunotherapy.
Statement from Chiles Research Institute, the same world renowned cancer research center that helped with the 2018 Nobel Prize for the development of cancer immunotherapy:
“Immunotherapy is a significant breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers, but tumor-induced immune suppression contributes to treatment resistance. Galectin-3 is an important driver of this tumor-induced immunosuppression, and this clinical study constitutes proof-of-concept that the addition of belapectin, a galectin-3 inhibitor, to a PD-1 inhibitor can benefit cancer patients,” said Dr. Brendan Curti, M.D., Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, a division of Providence, and the first author of the paper.
---
Harvard study
Increased Circulating Levels of Galectin Proteins in Patients with Breast, Colon, and Lung Cancer
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/19/4819/htm
Abstract
Galectins are proteins with high-affinity ß-galactoside-binding sites that function in a variety of signaling pathways through interactions with glycoproteins. The known contributions of galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and evasion of immune destruction led us to investigate the circulating levels of these galectins in cancer patients. This study compares galectin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from each stage of breast, lung, and colon cancer. Galectins-1 and -7, which share a prototype structure, were found to have statistically significant increases in breast and lung cancer. Of the tandem-repeat galectins, galectin-8 showed no statistically significant change in these cancer types, but galectin-9 was increased in colon and lung cancer. Galectin-3 is the only chimera-type galectin and was increased in all stages of breast, colon, and lung cancer. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the galectin levels in patients with these cancers compared with healthy controls, and galectin levels did not significantly change from stage to stage. These findings suggest that further research on the roles of galectins early in disease pathogenesis may lead to novel indications for galectin inhibitors.
Currently, work is underway to use galectins as biomarkers and as targets for clinical therapy. Galectins have been investigated as markers for heart failure, atrial fibrillation, endometriosis, and various cancers [19,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. Research and clinical trials are also considering galectins as potential therapeutic targets, where galectin-1 and -3 inhibitors are specifically being investigated [33,34,35]. Additionally, the galectin profiles of the patients generated from this study will improve the characterization of their disease state and allow for potential identification of patients who would benefit from participation in clinical trials of galectin inhibitors.
Almost twice the outstanding shares were traded today. I’ve a feeling that we will give back all of Friday’s gains on Monday. Just like April 14’s gains with 64 Mill shares were given up the next day.
You know what I’ve learned ? “No matter how undervalued a stock is … It can always go lower.”
So, what about this presentation this morning:
Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ:GALT), the leading developer of therapeutics that target galectin proteins, today announced that Pol F. Boudes, M.D., Chief Medical Officer, will present the belapectin program at the 4th Global NASH Congress taking place virtually on April 28 and 29, 2021.
On Thursday, April 29th, Dr. Boudes will review Galectin Therapeutics’ scientific and clinical activities in NASH cirrhosis, followed by a Q&A session. Only registered attendees are able to view the presentation. Additional details can be found below:
Title: An innovative clinical development program: belapectin for NASH cirrhosis
Date: Thursday, April 29, 2021
Time: 11:45 am, British Summer Time, 6:45 am Eastern
All my biotechs are up hugely.
Life is good.
Maybe tomorrow!
“Not today, Mr Weasley. Not today.”
* * $GALT Video Chart 04-19-2021 * *
Link to Video - click here to watch the technical chart video
Don’t blame them, but would be lovely if they did!
Volume is sooooo low, that the Wall Street Bets-like crowd doesn’t want to jump in. Or so they say on StockTwits
Yup! 4 years for me. Painful how low this thing is right now.
In 3 years I’ve learned .... it can always go lower.
I wonder how much the crooks at GALT paid for that pump piece, and why there's no disclaimer on the "CNA Finance" site?
They haven't updated their disclosures since 2019 (which of course is illegal), but I think we all know GALT paid them for the steaming pile of garbage masquerading as a news item:
https://cnafinance.com/relationship-disclosures/
* * $GALT Video Chart 04-14-2021 * *
Link to Video - click here to watch the technical chart video
I was waaaay off : 20 Mill per hour ???
$GALT is screaming for the top, squeezing the shorts, after a peer reviewed data publication suggests it's sitting on a goldmine. https://cnafinance.com/galectin-therapeutics-galt-stock-climbs-on-data-publication/
After the Cancer publication, will the volume tomorrow be 500,000 shares or 15 Mill ?
* * $GALT Video Chart 04-06-2021 * *
Link to Video - click here to watch the technical chart video
Is any audio available from that presentation yesterday ?
It was a scam promoted by undisclosed stock promoters then, and it doesn’t look like much has changed since then.
Adam Feuerstein had their number years ago: https://www.thestreet.com/investing/stocks/biotech-stock-mailbag-aspenbio-10741455
I've been in this dog since it was Pro-Pharma. Lost tons. Any good reason to stay??? Anyone???
December presentation
https://investor.galectintherapeutics.com/static-files/e02430e7-e6f8-4b46-b174-461df8d85a84
Last 10-Q
https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1133416/000119312520288500/d204131d10q.htm
They could be close to partnership. More data soon as well imo.
Started accumulating.
I saw on Stock Twits a link to an article that referenced that GALT’s Belapectin *IS* being studied in an animal pre-clinical trial.
HNY BooDog and glty
Took a starter 2.25. Happy new year!!
They seem to be averse to giving shareholders anything to hope for in the next 12 months. Everything is downplayed; almost got the impression that NASH-RX was being done as a lark. Of course I knew that wasn’t true, but after that CC many months ago ... well, it was depressing. That ceo is gone.
I seriously don’t think they are pursuing Covid at all.
Yep, such is life in bio plays unfortunately
Followers
|
79
|
Posters
|
|
Posts (Today)
|
0
|
Posts (Total)
|
3839
|
Created
|
03/21/07
|
Type
|
Free
|
Moderators |
Volume | |
Day Range: | |
Bid Price | |
Ask Price | |
Last Trade Time: |