Tuesday, February 18, 2014 3:58:45 AM
Religious More Likely to Think They're Addicted to Porn
Credit: oily, Shutterstock
By Megan Gannon, News Editor
February 13, 2014 11:50am ET
Feel like you're addicted to porn? Your religion could have something to do with your answer.
Compared with their less spiritual peers, people who identified as very religious were more likely to have a perceived Internet pornography addiction, no matter how much porn they actually consumed, according to a new study [abstract (linked) next below].
"We were surprised that the amount of viewing did not impact the perception of addiction, but strong moral beliefs did," the study's lead author Joshua Grubbs, a doctoral student in psychology at Case Western Reserve University, said in a statement.
Is porn addiction real?
The rise of pornography [ http://www.livescience.com/19251-pornography-effects-santorum.html ] on the Internet has been followed by hot debates about what all this widely available explicit material is doing to the hordes of people who look at it. Is it encouraging hostility toward women or can it empower them? Does it provide a healthy outlet or is it creating addicts?
Some researchers have proposed that compulsive viewing of Internet pornography could be a subcategory of sex addiction [ http://www.livescience.com/38381-is-sex-addiction-real.html ], sometimes called hypersexual disorder. But psychologists have not been able to agree on whether sex addiction (let alone porn addiction) fits the same addiction model that is used to describe people with substance abuse problems, for example. Sex addiction was not recognized in the latest version of the American Psychiatric Association's mental health handbook, the DSM-5 [ http://www.livescience.com/34496-psychiatric-manual-stirs-controversy.html ], and there is no official diagnosis.
Regardless of whether porn addiction is "real," Grubbs and his co-authors note that perceived addiction has been linked to several real elements of psychological distress, such as depression, compulsive behavior and anxiety.
Grubbs became interested in how religion might impact perceived pornography [ http://www.livescience.com/8748-history-pornography-prudish-present.html ] addiction during his undergraduate days at a conservative university. He had encountered fellow students who felt like there was something terribly wrong with them after they looked at Internet porn, according to a statement from Case Western.
Grubbs had also noticed that simply searching for "pornography addiction" on Amazon.com turned up 1,200 book results, half of which were listed under the religious and spirituality sections. Those titles often detailed accounts of personal struggle. His new papaer, published this week in the Archives of Sexual Behavior, also pointed to a previous study, which found that religious therapists are more likely to diagnose sex addiction than their secular counterparts.
Piety and porn
In three studies, Grubbs polled people about their strength of faith, religious practices, online porn-viewing habits and moral attitudes about porn. He also gave participants a survey to measure their perception of addiction, asking them to rate how much they agreed with statements like: "I believe I am addicted to Internet pornography;" and "I feel ashamed after viewing pornography online."
One study involved 331 undergraduates at a public U.S. university, another focused on 97 students at a religiously affiliated university, and a third involved 208 adults gathered in an online poll. The majority of the participants in each survey were either Christian or Catholic, heterosexual and white. In each of the studies, 26-32 percent reported no religious affiliation. The studies excluded people who had not looked at porn at least once in the past six months.
There was no connection between the religious devotion of the participants and how much porn they actually viewed, the studies showed. However, stronger religious faith was linked with more negative moral attitudes about pornography, which in turn was associated with greater perceived addiction, the study found.
Grubbs and his co-authors speculate that feelings of addiction could be seen as "the religious individual's pathological interpretation of a behavior deemed a transgression or a desecration of sexual purity." The findings could help therapists understand that the perception of addiction might have more to do with religious beliefs than actual porn-watching habits, the researchers said.
"We can help the individual understand what is driving this perception, and help individuals better enjoy their faith," Grubbs said in a statement.
Grubbs' study was part of a $1.4 million project funded by the John Templeton Foundation to study how people develop and cope with spiritual struggles. The project is directed by psychologists Julie Exline, from Case Western Reserve University, and Kenneth Pargament, from Bowling Green State University, who contributed to Grubbs' study.
Related
Hot Stuff? 10 Unusual Sexual Fixations
http://www.livescience.com/28379-unusual-sexual-fixations-paraphilias.html
51 Sultry Facts About Sex
http://www.livescience.com/24102-50-facts-sex.html
Sex Quiz: Myths, Taboos & Bizarre Facts
http://www.livescience.com/18962-sex-quiz-myths-taboos-facts.html
Copyright © 2014 TechMedia Network (emphasis in original)
http://www.livescience.com/43362-religious-perceived-porn-addiction.html [no comments yet] [also at http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/15/religious-people-addicted-to-porn_n_4794614.html (with comments)]
*
Transgression as Addiction: Religiosity and Moral Disapproval as Predictors of Perceived Addiction to Pornography
Joshua B. Grubbs, Julie J. Exline, Kenneth I. Pargament, Joshua N. Hook, Robert D. Carlisle
Archives of Sexual Behavior
February 2014
Abstract
Perceived addiction to Internet pornography is increasingly a focus of empirical attention. The present study examined the role that religious belief and moral disapproval of pornography use play in the experience of perceived addiction to Internet pornography. Results from two studies in undergraduate samples (Study 1, N = 331; Study 2, N = 97) indicated that there was a robust positive relationship between religiosity and perceived addiction to pornography and that this relationship was mediated by moral disapproval of pornography use. These results persisted even when actual use of pornography was controlled. Furthermore, although religiosity was negatively predictive of acknowledging any pornography use, among pornography users, religiosity was unrelated to actual levels of use. A structural equation model from a web-based sample of adults (Study 3, N = 208) revealed similar results. Specifically, religiosity was robustly predictive of perceived addiction, even when relevant covariates (e.g., trait self-control, socially desirable responding, neuroticism, use of pornography) were held constant. In sum, the present study indicated that religiosity and moral disapproval of pornography use were robust predictors of perceived addiction to Internet pornography while being unrelated to actual levels of use among pornography consumers.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10508-013-0257-z
--
People Who Watch More Porn Have More Sex, Survey Finds
Cultura RM/Zave Smith via Getty Images
Posted: 02/11/2014 4:40 pm EST Updated: 02/11/2014 4:59 pm EST
Anyone who equates watching porn with an unsatisfactory sex life might want to bite their tongue.
A survey conducted by adult webcam site Cam4.com [ http://www.cam4.com/ ] (NSFW link) and French survey institute IFOP surveyed a representative sample of 1,023 adults about their pornography habits. Ninety percent of men and 60 percent of women reported watching porn regularly [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/18/women-and-porn-survey-ann-summers-sex_n_4297183.html ]. Fifty-three percent of survey participants watch porn as a couple [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/stacey-nelkin/5-reasons-why-watching-po_b_2766968.html ], and 66 percent said they would watch with their partner if asked.
These results back up what we already believed: that porn isn't just for men [ http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/02/11/porn-isn-t-just-for-men-why-women-love-watching.html ] or single people, and can be a positive way for couples to connect [ http://www.salon.com/2013/01/22/does_porn_hurt_relationships/ ] and communicate. What surprised us was that the respondents who watched porn most often were also the respondents who had the most sex. Though the quantity of sexual encounters doesn't necessarily indicate quality, these findings upend the stereotype that porn is for lonely people with no real-life sexual prospects.
Of men in relationships who watch porn, 68 percent say their partner is aware of it -- and only 7 percent have been asked to stop. A previous study indicated that people who were honest about their porn use felt happier in their relationships [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/07/porn-relationships-honesty_n_4551079.html ]. Though porn can certainly be a destructive force in people's sex lives [ http://nymag.com/news/features/70976/ ], it seems like adult entertainment can be a positive force when used consensually and communicated about.
Check out more key findings from the Cam4 survey below.
Copyright © 2014 TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/11/porn-survey-have-more-sex_n_4746416.html [with comments]
--
You May Be Surprised By Who's Filming And Uploading Amateur Porn
Image Source via Getty Images
Posted: 02/12/2014 5:33 pm EST Updated: 02/16/2014 7:00 pm EST
This week we've learned that the people watching porn [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/11/porn-survey-have-more-sex_n_4746416.html (just above)] aren't all single, lonely men -- and neither are the people uploading it.
Amateur porn website Homegrown Video [ http://www.homegrownvideo.com/ ] (NSFW link) cataloged all video submissions they received over a six-month period. They found that almost one-third of homemade sex tapes submitted between July and December 2013 were created not in sexually liberal coastal cities, as one might imagine, but in the Bible Belt. Furthermore, 56.9 percent of videos were submitted by women.
(A representative for the site told The Huffington Post that Homegrown Video takes steps to ensure that all videos featured on the site are done so with the express permission of all parties featured. Couples are required to include a short clip acknowledging they are making a video of their own free will, are not intoxicated, and have read the site's terms and conditions when signing the release. Given the impact of revenge porn [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/09/revenge-porn-stories-real-impact_n_4568623.html ], we're glad these steps are being taken.)
The states with the highest number of submissions were California (20.6 percent) and Pennsylvania (11.8 percent), but 10.8 percent of submissions came from Florida and 6.9 percent from Texas. Other Bible Belt states contributing submissions included North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana and Kentucky.
These results are consistent with a recent PornHub study [ http://pando.com/2013/05/23/the-bible-belts-porn-problem-religious-cities-watch-as-much-porn-as-non-religious-cities/ ], which found that the religiosity of an area had little impact on how much porn its residents watch. Furthermore, residents of cities with higher churchgoing rates spent 47 seconds longer per PornHub visit than their peers in less religious cities.
The data from Homegrown Video and PornHub suggests that we should reconsider assumptions about who is watching, making and sharing porn -- and hope that the verbal consent requirement, and high number of women taking the lead by submitting their own videos, will make the Internet porn landscape a safer, more welcoming place for women.
Copyright © 2014 TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/12/amateur-porn-filming-uploading-women-bible-belt_n_4776919.html [with comments]
--
Bill Maher - Tea Party Porn
Published on Jul 13, 2013 by TheBMView [ http://www.youtube.com/user/TheBMView ]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6Etpos7yFk [with comments]
--
in addition to (linked in) the post to which this is a reply and preceding and (other) following, see also (linked in):
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http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=58381234 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=63487116 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=64318713 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=64352186 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=66643269 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=66633964 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=69915729 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=80565177 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=86701405 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=87235404 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=87268771 and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=91743244 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=94244003 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=95552794 and preceding (and any future following)
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=96743954 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=97347214 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=83833402 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=97412978 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=97385139 and preceding (and any future following)
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=97407452 and preceding and following
Credit: oily, Shutterstock
By Megan Gannon, News Editor
February 13, 2014 11:50am ET
Feel like you're addicted to porn? Your religion could have something to do with your answer.
Compared with their less spiritual peers, people who identified as very religious were more likely to have a perceived Internet pornography addiction, no matter how much porn they actually consumed, according to a new study [abstract (linked) next below].
"We were surprised that the amount of viewing did not impact the perception of addiction, but strong moral beliefs did," the study's lead author Joshua Grubbs, a doctoral student in psychology at Case Western Reserve University, said in a statement.
Is porn addiction real?
The rise of pornography [ http://www.livescience.com/19251-pornography-effects-santorum.html ] on the Internet has been followed by hot debates about what all this widely available explicit material is doing to the hordes of people who look at it. Is it encouraging hostility toward women or can it empower them? Does it provide a healthy outlet or is it creating addicts?
Some researchers have proposed that compulsive viewing of Internet pornography could be a subcategory of sex addiction [ http://www.livescience.com/38381-is-sex-addiction-real.html ], sometimes called hypersexual disorder. But psychologists have not been able to agree on whether sex addiction (let alone porn addiction) fits the same addiction model that is used to describe people with substance abuse problems, for example. Sex addiction was not recognized in the latest version of the American Psychiatric Association's mental health handbook, the DSM-5 [ http://www.livescience.com/34496-psychiatric-manual-stirs-controversy.html ], and there is no official diagnosis.
Regardless of whether porn addiction is "real," Grubbs and his co-authors note that perceived addiction has been linked to several real elements of psychological distress, such as depression, compulsive behavior and anxiety.
Grubbs became interested in how religion might impact perceived pornography [ http://www.livescience.com/8748-history-pornography-prudish-present.html ] addiction during his undergraduate days at a conservative university. He had encountered fellow students who felt like there was something terribly wrong with them after they looked at Internet porn, according to a statement from Case Western.
Grubbs had also noticed that simply searching for "pornography addiction" on Amazon.com turned up 1,200 book results, half of which were listed under the religious and spirituality sections. Those titles often detailed accounts of personal struggle. His new papaer, published this week in the Archives of Sexual Behavior, also pointed to a previous study, which found that religious therapists are more likely to diagnose sex addiction than their secular counterparts.
Piety and porn
In three studies, Grubbs polled people about their strength of faith, religious practices, online porn-viewing habits and moral attitudes about porn. He also gave participants a survey to measure their perception of addiction, asking them to rate how much they agreed with statements like: "I believe I am addicted to Internet pornography;" and "I feel ashamed after viewing pornography online."
One study involved 331 undergraduates at a public U.S. university, another focused on 97 students at a religiously affiliated university, and a third involved 208 adults gathered in an online poll. The majority of the participants in each survey were either Christian or Catholic, heterosexual and white. In each of the studies, 26-32 percent reported no religious affiliation. The studies excluded people who had not looked at porn at least once in the past six months.
There was no connection between the religious devotion of the participants and how much porn they actually viewed, the studies showed. However, stronger religious faith was linked with more negative moral attitudes about pornography, which in turn was associated with greater perceived addiction, the study found.
Grubbs and his co-authors speculate that feelings of addiction could be seen as "the religious individual's pathological interpretation of a behavior deemed a transgression or a desecration of sexual purity." The findings could help therapists understand that the perception of addiction might have more to do with religious beliefs than actual porn-watching habits, the researchers said.
"We can help the individual understand what is driving this perception, and help individuals better enjoy their faith," Grubbs said in a statement.
Grubbs' study was part of a $1.4 million project funded by the John Templeton Foundation to study how people develop and cope with spiritual struggles. The project is directed by psychologists Julie Exline, from Case Western Reserve University, and Kenneth Pargament, from Bowling Green State University, who contributed to Grubbs' study.
Related
Hot Stuff? 10 Unusual Sexual Fixations
http://www.livescience.com/28379-unusual-sexual-fixations-paraphilias.html
51 Sultry Facts About Sex
http://www.livescience.com/24102-50-facts-sex.html
Sex Quiz: Myths, Taboos & Bizarre Facts
http://www.livescience.com/18962-sex-quiz-myths-taboos-facts.html
Copyright © 2014 TechMedia Network (emphasis in original)
http://www.livescience.com/43362-religious-perceived-porn-addiction.html [no comments yet] [also at http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/15/religious-people-addicted-to-porn_n_4794614.html (with comments)]
*
Transgression as Addiction: Religiosity and Moral Disapproval as Predictors of Perceived Addiction to Pornography
Joshua B. Grubbs, Julie J. Exline, Kenneth I. Pargament, Joshua N. Hook, Robert D. Carlisle
Archives of Sexual Behavior
February 2014
Abstract
Perceived addiction to Internet pornography is increasingly a focus of empirical attention. The present study examined the role that religious belief and moral disapproval of pornography use play in the experience of perceived addiction to Internet pornography. Results from two studies in undergraduate samples (Study 1, N = 331; Study 2, N = 97) indicated that there was a robust positive relationship between religiosity and perceived addiction to pornography and that this relationship was mediated by moral disapproval of pornography use. These results persisted even when actual use of pornography was controlled. Furthermore, although religiosity was negatively predictive of acknowledging any pornography use, among pornography users, religiosity was unrelated to actual levels of use. A structural equation model from a web-based sample of adults (Study 3, N = 208) revealed similar results. Specifically, religiosity was robustly predictive of perceived addiction, even when relevant covariates (e.g., trait self-control, socially desirable responding, neuroticism, use of pornography) were held constant. In sum, the present study indicated that religiosity and moral disapproval of pornography use were robust predictors of perceived addiction to Internet pornography while being unrelated to actual levels of use among pornography consumers.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10508-013-0257-z
--
People Who Watch More Porn Have More Sex, Survey Finds
Cultura RM/Zave Smith via Getty Images
Posted: 02/11/2014 4:40 pm EST Updated: 02/11/2014 4:59 pm EST
Anyone who equates watching porn with an unsatisfactory sex life might want to bite their tongue.
A survey conducted by adult webcam site Cam4.com [ http://www.cam4.com/ ] (NSFW link) and French survey institute IFOP surveyed a representative sample of 1,023 adults about their pornography habits. Ninety percent of men and 60 percent of women reported watching porn regularly [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/18/women-and-porn-survey-ann-summers-sex_n_4297183.html ]. Fifty-three percent of survey participants watch porn as a couple [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/stacey-nelkin/5-reasons-why-watching-po_b_2766968.html ], and 66 percent said they would watch with their partner if asked.
These results back up what we already believed: that porn isn't just for men [ http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/02/11/porn-isn-t-just-for-men-why-women-love-watching.html ] or single people, and can be a positive way for couples to connect [ http://www.salon.com/2013/01/22/does_porn_hurt_relationships/ ] and communicate. What surprised us was that the respondents who watched porn most often were also the respondents who had the most sex. Though the quantity of sexual encounters doesn't necessarily indicate quality, these findings upend the stereotype that porn is for lonely people with no real-life sexual prospects.
Of men in relationships who watch porn, 68 percent say their partner is aware of it -- and only 7 percent have been asked to stop. A previous study indicated that people who were honest about their porn use felt happier in their relationships [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/07/porn-relationships-honesty_n_4551079.html ]. Though porn can certainly be a destructive force in people's sex lives [ http://nymag.com/news/features/70976/ ], it seems like adult entertainment can be a positive force when used consensually and communicated about.
Check out more key findings from the Cam4 survey below.
Copyright © 2014 TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/11/porn-survey-have-more-sex_n_4746416.html [with comments]
--
You May Be Surprised By Who's Filming And Uploading Amateur Porn
Image Source via Getty Images
Posted: 02/12/2014 5:33 pm EST Updated: 02/16/2014 7:00 pm EST
This week we've learned that the people watching porn [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/11/porn-survey-have-more-sex_n_4746416.html (just above)] aren't all single, lonely men -- and neither are the people uploading it.
Amateur porn website Homegrown Video [ http://www.homegrownvideo.com/ ] (NSFW link) cataloged all video submissions they received over a six-month period. They found that almost one-third of homemade sex tapes submitted between July and December 2013 were created not in sexually liberal coastal cities, as one might imagine, but in the Bible Belt. Furthermore, 56.9 percent of videos were submitted by women.
(A representative for the site told The Huffington Post that Homegrown Video takes steps to ensure that all videos featured on the site are done so with the express permission of all parties featured. Couples are required to include a short clip acknowledging they are making a video of their own free will, are not intoxicated, and have read the site's terms and conditions when signing the release. Given the impact of revenge porn [ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/09/revenge-porn-stories-real-impact_n_4568623.html ], we're glad these steps are being taken.)
The states with the highest number of submissions were California (20.6 percent) and Pennsylvania (11.8 percent), but 10.8 percent of submissions came from Florida and 6.9 percent from Texas. Other Bible Belt states contributing submissions included North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana and Kentucky.
These results are consistent with a recent PornHub study [ http://pando.com/2013/05/23/the-bible-belts-porn-problem-religious-cities-watch-as-much-porn-as-non-religious-cities/ ], which found that the religiosity of an area had little impact on how much porn its residents watch. Furthermore, residents of cities with higher churchgoing rates spent 47 seconds longer per PornHub visit than their peers in less religious cities.
The data from Homegrown Video and PornHub suggests that we should reconsider assumptions about who is watching, making and sharing porn -- and hope that the verbal consent requirement, and high number of women taking the lead by submitting their own videos, will make the Internet porn landscape a safer, more welcoming place for women.
Copyright © 2014 TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/12/amateur-porn-filming-uploading-women-bible-belt_n_4776919.html [with comments]
--
Bill Maher - Tea Party Porn
Published on Jul 13, 2013 by TheBMView [ http://www.youtube.com/user/TheBMView ]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6Etpos7yFk [with comments]
--
in addition to (linked in) the post to which this is a reply and preceding and (other) following, see also (linked in):
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=54831679 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=56002482 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=58381234 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=63487116 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=64318713 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=64352186 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=66643269 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=66633964 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=69915729 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=80565177 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=86701405 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=87235404 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=87268771 and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=91743244 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=94244003 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=95552794 and preceding (and any future following)
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=96743954 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=97347214 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=83833402 and preceding and following,
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=97412978 and preceding and following
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=97385139 and preceding (and any future following)
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=97407452 and preceding and following
Greensburg, KS - 5/4/07
"Eternal vigilance is the price of Liberty."
from John Philpot Curran, Speech
upon the Right of Election, 1790
F6
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