NanoViricides Inc. (NNVC)

[changes_iv]

When Flu Viruses Attack!

Learn how flu viruses get into and out of your cells using Hemagglutinin (Holds) and Neuraminidase (Nicks) proteins on their surface.

A nanoviricide is based on a micelle that self-assembles from PEG molecules, which have very low toxicity, and carry a bioactive material.

Process of micelle formation:

How is a PEG micelle used today?

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[6] It is the basis of a number of laxatives (e.g., macrogol-containing products such as Movicol and polyethylene glycol 3350, or SoftLax, MiraLAX or GlycoLax). It is the basis of many skin creams, as cetomacrogol, and sexual lubricants, frequently combined with glycerin. Whole bowel irrigation (polyethylene glycol with added electrolytes) is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy and drug overdoses. It is sold under the brand names GoLYTELY, NuLytely, GlycoLax, Fortrans, TriLyte, Colyte, Halflytely, MiraLAX, Softlax, ClearLax and MoviPrep. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood. This makes for a longer-acting medicinal effect and reduces toxicity, and it allows longer dosing intervals. Examples include PEG-interferon alpha, which is used to treat hepatitis C, and PEG-filgrastim (Neulasta), which is used to treat neutropenia. It has been shown that polyethylene glycol can improve healing of spinal injuries in dogs.[7] One of the earlier findings that polyethylene glycol can aid in nerve repair came from the University of Texas (Krause and Bittner).[8] Polyethylene glycol is commonly used to fuse B-cells with myeloma cells in monoclonal antibody production. PEG has recently been proved to give better results in constipation patients than tegaserod. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_glycol

The importance of the micelles is explained in a short animation from another, unrelated, source.

But how or what is Nanoviricides, Inc. employing to construct a nanoviricide? Basically,a nanoviricide is constructed by chemically attaching virus-binding ligands to a polymeric (water-loving) micelle. Like "LEGO pieces", Nanoviricides Inc., is plugging-in the "ligands" to the "hydrophilic" surface of the micelles, in the trillions. For example, a dose of FluCide, one of the two clinical candidates (2014), contains about 75 trillion nanoparticles in a teaspoon. The human body has about 100 trillion cells. As you may know, the various tissues of the human body are between 75% and 95% water. This water is used as a way of transporting nutrients and other substances in the body.

http://online.wsj.com/article/PR-CO-20130422-911033.html

"We can now say that the nanoviricide is a proven platform," stated Dr. Eugene Seymour, the company's CEO, "and believe that we can take any enveloped virus and attack it by attaching the right ligand (virus targeting molecule) to the nanomicelle. For instance, we can attack multiple subtypes of influenza by using a
broad-spectrum ligand, as we have recently proven, or we can attack a specific virus subtype, such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and H5N1, with precise ligands that are intended for greater efficacy and specificity." Dr. Seymour also stated that "although the possible extent of any future bird flu pandemic is not at all clear, emergency preparedness purchases by agencies worldwide have been in several billions of dollars. More importantly, the market for a true targeted anti-viral for human influenza is enormous considering the tens of millions of cases
diagnosed just in the US and Western Europe alone. Tens of thousands of people die of human influenza year after year."

Besides FluCide, another candidate for Human Trials (2014) is DengueCide. The efficacy of DengueCide™ is unprecedented ~ Dr. Eva Harris, Professor of Public Health and Infectious Diseases at the University of California, Berkeley.

No matter what the targeted virus structure is, a high density of the ligands would force the virus to land onto the nanoviricide and get destroyed by the hidden ‘tails’ (hydrophobic) of the nanomicelle that snap out and merge into the viral surface lipid coat. This mechanism is unique to Nanoviricides, Inc. and is patented.

In summary, FluCide will be the first nanomedicine in the world that is orally active. Oral FluCide will open up a very large market. In 5000 animal tests of nanoviricides, no evidence was found of resistance, side effects, or any toxic effects. Nanoviricides, Inc. has strong IP protection with approved patents currently in 25 countries and expected to go over 100+ before the end of year 2013. DengueCide is "the only game in town" ~ Dr. Anil Diwan. Other Dengue drugs have failed in clinical trials. DengueCide will gain extension for patent life (7 years) and be a candidate to earn a Priority Review Voucher (minimum $200 million). Both candidates, FluCide and DengueCide, are on-track to clinical trials (2014) to gain approval to market from US FDA and EU regulatory agencies.