Monday, June 28, 2010 9:20:28 PM
I thought the bible said, love thy neighbor, too? One of the many contradictions
of the bible, isn't it. perhaps it is because it was based on the Code of Hammurabi ..
Welcome to Blah3.com .. Monday, June 28 2010
The Ten Commandments vs. Hammurabi's Code...
Wednesday, July 12 2006 @ 05:36 PM EDT
Contributed by: Monkeyfister
The Christianistas keep trying to claim the “Ten Commandments” are the basis of American Law, and keep trying to use this claim as the as the reason to place the “Ten Commandments” onto American Public Spaces, and into Public Law.
Well, here are The Ten Commandments As Per The Torah, .. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/command.html .. and here is the The Code Of Hammurabi, .. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM .. written during the birth of Mesopotamia.
These Laws were written and establised throughout the region, including in Egypt, long before the Dynasties of Egypt were even born; and even longer than that before “Moses brought the Commandments down from Mt. Sinai.” Hammurabi's Codes were the first Laws ever written unto Mankind... So, we compare and contrast:
The Ten Commandments, as Taken from the Torah, and Their Origins:
1.I am Adonai Your God. (Exodus)
2.Thou shalt have no other gods before Me. (Exodus)
3.You shall not take the Name of Adonai Your God in vain. (Exodus)
4.Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it separate. (Exodus)
5.Honor your father and your mother. (Hammurabi, Code #195 and others)
6.You shall not murder. (Hammurabi Code #210, 214, 229, 230 and others)
7.You shall not commit adultery. (Hammurabi, Code # 129-133 and several others)
8.You shall not steal. (Hammurabi, Codes #6, 8, 9, 21, 22 and many others)
9.You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. (Hammurabi, Code #1-3 and many others)
10.You Shall not covet anything that belongs to thy neighbor. (wife/property)... (Hammurabi, Codes #6,8,9,21,22, and others)
The "Christians" (Council of Nicea) combined Commandments #1 and #2, and seperated Commandment #10 into two seperate Commandments...
Hmmmm... It looks like the Christianistas are looking at only 40% of their beloved “Ten Commandments being handed down 'From God'.” Hammurabi seems to have proceeded them by several hundred to several thousand years... As the first four “Commandment Laws” are ultimately of “Religeous Establishment,” I can't see the First Amendment of the Constitution Of The United States Of America making room for it in any Public Place or Law.
So sorry, Christianistas. You lose. Put your sculptures on your Church Grounds, in your own front yard, say what you will in your own yard, and on your Church Grounds... Keep your bullshit OUT of Publically-Owned places... You're violating the Constitutional Law of America every time you try. You're only demonstrating your own insanity every time you try. Just stop it, and get over yourselves already... You're wrong. You'll never be correct. Quit while you're behind. The Law is against you.
http://www.blah3.com/article.php?story=20060712203657609
ALSO, of course, AGAIN there is the Egyptian Book of the Dead .. BETTER, the Egyptian BOOK OF LIFE ..
Papyrus of Ani: The Egyptian Book of the Dead 72
By Pashun
The Egypt is probably one of the most ancient and mysterious cultures in the known world today. It draws its roots back to the 5,000s BCE, having already established Dynasties and a flourishing system over land. Because of its old history it’s obvious that many other cultures in the Mediterranean area may have taken many ideas for their own. Egypt however was a homogeneous system, meaning that it didn’t intermingle much with other peoples until the Classical period (480 BCE à 320 BCE) in Greece when Alexander the Great conquered. On the bright side, this meant that the oldest stories weren’t altered much by outside forces. On the downside, though, Ancient Egyptian texts have now become untranslatable. So even though there are a couple very old texts there’s no way we know what is on them.
Anubis
God of Egypt
Contrary to popular belief, the Egyptians believed that there was a single supreme power (genderless) that made heaven, earth, sea, men, women, all animals and all that there is and all that there would ever be. The only name they had for it was neter. It was thought that the other gods, who were mostly local gods that became popular throughout the nation, were facets of neter. However these other gods, called neteru (translated to “gods”), were finite and mortal and able to slay each other. So in short: neter was the all encompassing aspect that couldn’t be comprehended by the human mind and the neteru were the compressed aspects that carried out the will of neter. So whenever they worshiped a god like Osiris or Isis, they were also giving worship to neter. There were sects that worshiped the supreme god exclusively and sects that gave praise to all the gods. Monotheism and Polytheism existed side by side in Egypt, both versions were accepted and prospered peacefully together. It was the neteru that mortal souls had to confront when they traveled through the underworld.
Hieroglyphics
Book of the Dead
One text in particular that has drawn a lot of interest in that aspect is the Papyrus of Ani, dated to be from around 1500 to 1260 BCE. The Papyrus of Ani is the name of a particular copy of the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Ani, a relatively wealthy palace scribe to the pharaoh himself, had this commissioned just for him. The Papyrus is the largest, most intricate example of a Book of the Dead that we have been able to find.
But what is a Book of the Dead? Well most people have misconceptions about the name. A more proper term would be “Book of Life.” The afterlife was something that weighed heavily on the minds of the ancient Egyptians. They believed that if they lead a balanced life that they would be allowed to enter what is called “The Field of Reeds,” a land of eternal prosperity (Parallels in other cultures would be the Summerlands, Elysium and Heaven). But before they could enter the Field of Reeds they must brave the dangers of the Underworld. When a person died they were greeted by Anubis, the opener of ways and guide of the dead, and lead through places containing monsters and demons. They had to endure tribulations before they could enter the Final Judgment of Mot, where their hearts were weighed against a feather. It had to be in perfect balance, not too righteous not too corrupt, for them to be allowed into the Field of Reeds. If it was off kilt then they would be devoured by a beast with the head of a crocodile, the chest and forelegs of a leopard and hind legs of hippopotamus by the name of Amut.
So where does the Book of the Dead come in, you ask? Well, think of it as a little cheat sheet. That’s what it is in the simplest terms. You had to approach a priest to attain a Book of your own. From there, he would advise you on what spells and amulets to purchase so you will be granted maximum protection and cheat a little during the Final Judgment. If you could afford it (an entire years worth salary) you had one made specifically for you with every possible spell imaginable. For those who were poorer, they had some that were ready made with basic spells and all they had to do was write in your name. If people were too poor to even afford that they would bury their dead family outside the tombs of the wealthy. This was in the hope that their spirits will sort of ‘latch on’ to the spirit of the person with a copy of the Book and be protected by them. This was how important the Book was to the ancients.
Spells that could be bought included some to ward off monsters, such as Asharu the beetle that ate the deceased. Others were to conjure up magical slaves that would work for you during trials that required you to perform manual labor. One of the most desirable however, was a spell that would tip the scales of Mot in your favor. It would balance your heart with the feather and let you gain entry into the Field of Reeds.
Butterfly- symbol of the soul
Mind, Body and Soul
The rites of the dead were precise and I’m sure everyone knows what a mummy is. They would removes all of the organs and put them in sanctified jars. The only organ not removed was the heart which was considered the center of intelligence and life in a human (as opposed to the modern concept of the brain being the source). Buying a Book of the Dead included the purchase of professional mourners who would visit your tomb annually to leave libations to ensure your spirit would happily continue to exist in the afterlife
Yes you read that right. It was up for the living to provide offerings for the dead, otherwise it was thought that they would ‘die’ again. This is why mummification is so important. Here are the things that made up every human being:
Khat: Physical Body
* Something that decays
* The name for the mummified body in a tomb
* It is believed the khat remains in the room and doesn’t reappear on earth, but preservation is still needed
Sahu: Spiritual Body
* The new body that has obtained some degree of knowledge, power, glory
* This body is everlasting and incorruptible
* This is associated and converses with the soul
* In this form it can go to heaven and dwell with the gods, the sahu of the gods and souls of the righteous
Ab: Heart
* The seat of power in life
* The foundation of good and evil decisions
* It becomes an abstract individuality or personality with an independent existence
Ka: The Double
* Also known as the image, the genius, the double, the character, the disposition and mental attributes
* All funeral offerings (meats, cakes) are meant for the ka
* The ka lives in a statues that is made in the image of the deceased
* It can eat food and when the food runs out it eats the paint off the walls
* The welfare of the spiritual body depends on the maintenance of a constant offering supply
* Without food or paint, the ka dies. And thus, the rest of the human dies
Ba: Soul
* The soul enjoyed an eternal existence in heaven with glory
* Ba comes from the words meaning “sublime” and “noble”
* Not incorporeal but dwells in the ka like a heart
* In iconography, it’s pictured as a human headed hawk
* The ba revisits the tomb, reanimates the body and talks with it. Then change shape and go to heaven
* The ba decays if not nourished through the ka
Khaibit: Shadow
* Comparable to the Roman/Greek “Umbra”
* It has an independent existence that took offerings like the ka
* Simply known as The Shadow of Man
* Can be considered a shade or ghost
Khu: Intelligence
* Comes from the words meaning “shining”
* A translucent, intangible casing/covering for the body which doesn’t perish
* Other information on the khu is vague but there is mention that something dangerous within the tomb keeps the souls, shades and khus from leaving
Sekhem: Form
* From the word meaning “power”
* It is connected to the soul and khu
Ren: Name
* Names exist in heaven
The whole man is made up of the Natural Body, the Spiritual Body, the Heart, the Double, the Soul, the Shadow, the Spirit Casing, the Form and the Name. All were bound together and the welfare of one affects the welfare of all.
The Original Commandments
There was one major aspect contained in the Book of the Dead and that was the toughest part of the trials before the Final Judgment. In this, the mortal would confront a total of 42 separate gods and perform what is known as The Negative Confessions. The Negative Confessions are the Commandments within Egyptian culture (all of the 10 Christian Commandments are taken from here). They must deny having broken any of them (using spells if need be) to be allowed to pass to the next god. Here is a list, the translation of what Ani’s Book of the Dead said:
The Negative Confessions
Ø Hail, thou who strides are long, who comest from the Annu, I have not done iniquity.
Ø Hail, thou who art embraced by flame, who comest forth from Kheraba, I have not robbed with violence.
Ø Hail, Fentiu, who comest forth from Khemennu, I have not stolen.
Ø Hail, Devourer of the Shade, who comest forth from Qernet, I have done no murder; I have done no harm.
Ø Hail, Nehau, who comest forth from Re-stau, I have not defrauded offerings.
Ø Hail, god in the form of two lions, who comest forth from heaven, I have not minished oblations.
Ø Hail, thou whose eyes are of fire, who comest forth from Saut, I have not plundered the god.
Ø Hail, thou Flame, which comest and goest, I have spoken no lies.
Ø Hail, Crusher of bones, who comest forth from Suten-henen, I have not snatched away food.
Ø Hail, though who shootest forth the Flame, who comest from the Het-Ptah-ka, I have not caused pain.
Ø Hail, Qerer, who comest forth from Amentet, I have not commited fornication.
Ø Hail, thou whose face is turned black, who comest from thy hiding place, I have not caused shedding of tears.
Ø Hail, Bast, who comest forth from the secret place, I have not dealt deceitfully.
Ø Hail, thou whose legs are fire, who comest forth out of the darkness, I have not transgressed.
Ø Hail, Devourer of Blood, who comest forth from the block of slaughter, I have not acted guilefully.
Ø Hail, Devourer of the inward parts, who comest from the Mabet, I have not laid waste the ploughed land.
Ø Hail, Lord of Right and Truth, who comest forth from the city of Right and Truth, I have not been an eavesdropper.
Ø Hail, thou who dost stride backwards, who comest forth from the city of Bast, I have not set my lips in motion against any man.
Ø Hail, Sertiu, who comest forth from Annu, I have not been angry or wrathful except for a just cause.
Ø Hail, thou being of two-fold wickedness, who comes forth from Ati I have not defiled the wife of any man.
Ø Hail, thou two-headed serpent, who comest forth from the torture-chamber, I have not defiled the wife of any man.
Ø Hail, thou who dost regard what is brought unto thee, who comest forth from Pa-Amsu, I have not polluted myself.
Ø Hail, thou Chief of the mighty, who comest forth from Amentet, I have not caused terror.
Ø Hail, thou Destroyer, who comest forth from Kesiu, I have not transgressed.
Ø Hail, thou who orderest speech, who comest forth from Urit, I have not burned with rage.
Ø Hail, thou Babe, who comest forth from Uab, I have not stopped my ears against the words of Right and Truth.
Ø Hail, Kenemti, who comest forth from Kenemet, I have not worked grief.
Ø Hail, thou who bringest thy offering, I have not acted with insolence.
Ø Hail, thou who orderest speech, who comest forth from Unaset, I have not stirred up strife.
Ø Hail, Lord of faces, who comest forth from Netchfet, I have not judged hastily.
Ø Hail, Sekheriu, who comest forth from utten, I have not been an eavesdropper.
Ø Hail, Lord of the two horns, who comest forth from Sais, I have not multiplied words exceedingly.
Ø Hail, Nefer-Tmu, who comest forth from Het-Ptah-ka, I have done neither harm nor ill.
Ø Hail, Tmu in thine hour, who comest forth from Tattu, I have never cursed the king.
Ø Hail, thou who workest with thy will, who comest forth from Tebu, I have never fouled the water.
Ø Hail, thou bearer of the sistrum, who comest forth from Nu, I have not spoken scornfully.
Ø Hail, thou who makest mankind to flourish, who comest forth from Sais, I have never cursed God.
Ø Hail, Neheb-ka, who comest froth from thy hiding place, I have not stolen.
Ø Hail, Neheb-nefert, who comest forth from thy hiding place, I have not defrauded the offerings of the gods.
Ø Hail, thou who dost set in order the head, who comest forth from they shrine, I have not plundered the offerings to the blessed dead.
Ø Hail, thou who bringest thy arm, who comest forth from the city of Maati, I have not filched the food of the infant, neither have I sinned against the god of my native town.
Ø Hail, thou whose teeth are white, why comest forth from Ta-she, I have not slaughtered with evil intent the cattle of the god.
Papyrus of Ani depicting the Negative Confessions and the Final Judgment
As soon as Negative Confession was passed, the mortal stood before the Final Judgment. Their heart was placed on a scale and was weighed against a feather. As I said before, it had to be in perfect balance. If it wasn’t, Amut would eat them and they would cease to exist (it should be noted, for the Egyptians it was preferable to wander the Underworld forever than to be removed from existence). But if they were successful, they would be lead to the gates of the Field of Reeds where they could live with their loved ones and the gods for eternity. The Field of Reeds iconography is identical to that of paintings of the Nile, which was the symbol of ultimate life for the Egyptians. So it makes sense that this important element in their earthly existence would follow them into the afterlife as well.
In closing
This is an abbriviated version of some key points in the Papyrus of Ani. Overall though it gives us a good glimpse into the
minds of the ancient Egyptians, how they have some control in the afterlife and how they can circumvent the rules of the gods.
http://hubpages.com/hub/Papyrus-of-Ani--The-Egyptian-Book-of-the-Dead
ISN'T THE ART OF THE MYTHOLOGY MAGNIFICENT!!! .. anyway, back to the mundane ..
See, also, YOU know .. http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=50803939&txt2find=egyptian
then .. http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=51246109&txt2find=egyptian
also you have seen this one .. http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=51741281&txt2find=egyptian
of the bible, isn't it. perhaps it is because it was based on the Code of Hammurabi ..
Welcome to Blah3.com .. Monday, June 28 2010
The Ten Commandments vs. Hammurabi's Code...
Wednesday, July 12 2006 @ 05:36 PM EDT
Contributed by: Monkeyfister
The Christianistas keep trying to claim the “Ten Commandments” are the basis of American Law, and keep trying to use this claim as the as the reason to place the “Ten Commandments” onto American Public Spaces, and into Public Law.
Well, here are The Ten Commandments As Per The Torah, .. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/command.html .. and here is the The Code Of Hammurabi, .. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM .. written during the birth of Mesopotamia.
These Laws were written and establised throughout the region, including in Egypt, long before the Dynasties of Egypt were even born; and even longer than that before “Moses brought the Commandments down from Mt. Sinai.” Hammurabi's Codes were the first Laws ever written unto Mankind... So, we compare and contrast:
The Ten Commandments, as Taken from the Torah, and Their Origins:
1.I am Adonai Your God. (Exodus)
2.Thou shalt have no other gods before Me. (Exodus)
3.You shall not take the Name of Adonai Your God in vain. (Exodus)
4.Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it separate. (Exodus)
5.Honor your father and your mother. (Hammurabi, Code #195 and others)
6.You shall not murder. (Hammurabi Code #210, 214, 229, 230 and others)
7.You shall not commit adultery. (Hammurabi, Code # 129-133 and several others)
8.You shall not steal. (Hammurabi, Codes #6, 8, 9, 21, 22 and many others)
9.You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. (Hammurabi, Code #1-3 and many others)
10.You Shall not covet anything that belongs to thy neighbor. (wife/property)... (Hammurabi, Codes #6,8,9,21,22, and others)
The "Christians" (Council of Nicea) combined Commandments #1 and #2, and seperated Commandment #10 into two seperate Commandments...
Hmmmm... It looks like the Christianistas are looking at only 40% of their beloved “Ten Commandments being handed down 'From God'.” Hammurabi seems to have proceeded them by several hundred to several thousand years... As the first four “Commandment Laws” are ultimately of “Religeous Establishment,” I can't see the First Amendment of the Constitution Of The United States Of America making room for it in any Public Place or Law.
So sorry, Christianistas. You lose. Put your sculptures on your Church Grounds, in your own front yard, say what you will in your own yard, and on your Church Grounds... Keep your bullshit OUT of Publically-Owned places... You're violating the Constitutional Law of America every time you try. You're only demonstrating your own insanity every time you try. Just stop it, and get over yourselves already... You're wrong. You'll never be correct. Quit while you're behind. The Law is against you.
http://www.blah3.com/article.php?story=20060712203657609
ALSO, of course, AGAIN there is the Egyptian Book of the Dead .. BETTER, the Egyptian BOOK OF LIFE ..
Papyrus of Ani: The Egyptian Book of the Dead 72
By Pashun
The Egypt is probably one of the most ancient and mysterious cultures in the known world today. It draws its roots back to the 5,000s BCE, having already established Dynasties and a flourishing system over land. Because of its old history it’s obvious that many other cultures in the Mediterranean area may have taken many ideas for their own. Egypt however was a homogeneous system, meaning that it didn’t intermingle much with other peoples until the Classical period (480 BCE à 320 BCE) in Greece when Alexander the Great conquered. On the bright side, this meant that the oldest stories weren’t altered much by outside forces. On the downside, though, Ancient Egyptian texts have now become untranslatable. So even though there are a couple very old texts there’s no way we know what is on them.
Anubis
God of Egypt
Contrary to popular belief, the Egyptians believed that there was a single supreme power (genderless) that made heaven, earth, sea, men, women, all animals and all that there is and all that there would ever be. The only name they had for it was neter. It was thought that the other gods, who were mostly local gods that became popular throughout the nation, were facets of neter. However these other gods, called neteru (translated to “gods”), were finite and mortal and able to slay each other. So in short: neter was the all encompassing aspect that couldn’t be comprehended by the human mind and the neteru were the compressed aspects that carried out the will of neter. So whenever they worshiped a god like Osiris or Isis, they were also giving worship to neter. There were sects that worshiped the supreme god exclusively and sects that gave praise to all the gods. Monotheism and Polytheism existed side by side in Egypt, both versions were accepted and prospered peacefully together. It was the neteru that mortal souls had to confront when they traveled through the underworld.
Hieroglyphics
Book of the Dead
One text in particular that has drawn a lot of interest in that aspect is the Papyrus of Ani, dated to be from around 1500 to 1260 BCE. The Papyrus of Ani is the name of a particular copy of the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Ani, a relatively wealthy palace scribe to the pharaoh himself, had this commissioned just for him. The Papyrus is the largest, most intricate example of a Book of the Dead that we have been able to find.
But what is a Book of the Dead? Well most people have misconceptions about the name. A more proper term would be “Book of Life.” The afterlife was something that weighed heavily on the minds of the ancient Egyptians. They believed that if they lead a balanced life that they would be allowed to enter what is called “The Field of Reeds,” a land of eternal prosperity (Parallels in other cultures would be the Summerlands, Elysium and Heaven). But before they could enter the Field of Reeds they must brave the dangers of the Underworld. When a person died they were greeted by Anubis, the opener of ways and guide of the dead, and lead through places containing monsters and demons. They had to endure tribulations before they could enter the Final Judgment of Mot, where their hearts were weighed against a feather. It had to be in perfect balance, not too righteous not too corrupt, for them to be allowed into the Field of Reeds. If it was off kilt then they would be devoured by a beast with the head of a crocodile, the chest and forelegs of a leopard and hind legs of hippopotamus by the name of Amut.
So where does the Book of the Dead come in, you ask? Well, think of it as a little cheat sheet. That’s what it is in the simplest terms. You had to approach a priest to attain a Book of your own. From there, he would advise you on what spells and amulets to purchase so you will be granted maximum protection and cheat a little during the Final Judgment. If you could afford it (an entire years worth salary) you had one made specifically for you with every possible spell imaginable. For those who were poorer, they had some that were ready made with basic spells and all they had to do was write in your name. If people were too poor to even afford that they would bury their dead family outside the tombs of the wealthy. This was in the hope that their spirits will sort of ‘latch on’ to the spirit of the person with a copy of the Book and be protected by them. This was how important the Book was to the ancients.
Spells that could be bought included some to ward off monsters, such as Asharu the beetle that ate the deceased. Others were to conjure up magical slaves that would work for you during trials that required you to perform manual labor. One of the most desirable however, was a spell that would tip the scales of Mot in your favor. It would balance your heart with the feather and let you gain entry into the Field of Reeds.
Butterfly- symbol of the soul
Mind, Body and Soul
The rites of the dead were precise and I’m sure everyone knows what a mummy is. They would removes all of the organs and put them in sanctified jars. The only organ not removed was the heart which was considered the center of intelligence and life in a human (as opposed to the modern concept of the brain being the source). Buying a Book of the Dead included the purchase of professional mourners who would visit your tomb annually to leave libations to ensure your spirit would happily continue to exist in the afterlife
Yes you read that right. It was up for the living to provide offerings for the dead, otherwise it was thought that they would ‘die’ again. This is why mummification is so important. Here are the things that made up every human being:
Khat: Physical Body
* Something that decays
* The name for the mummified body in a tomb
* It is believed the khat remains in the room and doesn’t reappear on earth, but preservation is still needed
Sahu: Spiritual Body
* The new body that has obtained some degree of knowledge, power, glory
* This body is everlasting and incorruptible
* This is associated and converses with the soul
* In this form it can go to heaven and dwell with the gods, the sahu of the gods and souls of the righteous
Ab: Heart
* The seat of power in life
* The foundation of good and evil decisions
* It becomes an abstract individuality or personality with an independent existence
Ka: The Double
* Also known as the image, the genius, the double, the character, the disposition and mental attributes
* All funeral offerings (meats, cakes) are meant for the ka
* The ka lives in a statues that is made in the image of the deceased
* It can eat food and when the food runs out it eats the paint off the walls
* The welfare of the spiritual body depends on the maintenance of a constant offering supply
* Without food or paint, the ka dies. And thus, the rest of the human dies
Ba: Soul
* The soul enjoyed an eternal existence in heaven with glory
* Ba comes from the words meaning “sublime” and “noble”
* Not incorporeal but dwells in the ka like a heart
* In iconography, it’s pictured as a human headed hawk
* The ba revisits the tomb, reanimates the body and talks with it. Then change shape and go to heaven
* The ba decays if not nourished through the ka
Khaibit: Shadow
* Comparable to the Roman/Greek “Umbra”
* It has an independent existence that took offerings like the ka
* Simply known as The Shadow of Man
* Can be considered a shade or ghost
Khu: Intelligence
* Comes from the words meaning “shining”
* A translucent, intangible casing/covering for the body which doesn’t perish
* Other information on the khu is vague but there is mention that something dangerous within the tomb keeps the souls, shades and khus from leaving
Sekhem: Form
* From the word meaning “power”
* It is connected to the soul and khu
Ren: Name
* Names exist in heaven
The whole man is made up of the Natural Body, the Spiritual Body, the Heart, the Double, the Soul, the Shadow, the Spirit Casing, the Form and the Name. All were bound together and the welfare of one affects the welfare of all.
The Original Commandments
There was one major aspect contained in the Book of the Dead and that was the toughest part of the trials before the Final Judgment. In this, the mortal would confront a total of 42 separate gods and perform what is known as The Negative Confessions. The Negative Confessions are the Commandments within Egyptian culture (all of the 10 Christian Commandments are taken from here). They must deny having broken any of them (using spells if need be) to be allowed to pass to the next god. Here is a list, the translation of what Ani’s Book of the Dead said:
The Negative Confessions
Ø Hail, thou who strides are long, who comest from the Annu, I have not done iniquity.
Ø Hail, thou who art embraced by flame, who comest forth from Kheraba, I have not robbed with violence.
Ø Hail, Fentiu, who comest forth from Khemennu, I have not stolen.
Ø Hail, Devourer of the Shade, who comest forth from Qernet, I have done no murder; I have done no harm.
Ø Hail, Nehau, who comest forth from Re-stau, I have not defrauded offerings.
Ø Hail, god in the form of two lions, who comest forth from heaven, I have not minished oblations.
Ø Hail, thou whose eyes are of fire, who comest forth from Saut, I have not plundered the god.
Ø Hail, thou Flame, which comest and goest, I have spoken no lies.
Ø Hail, Crusher of bones, who comest forth from Suten-henen, I have not snatched away food.
Ø Hail, though who shootest forth the Flame, who comest from the Het-Ptah-ka, I have not caused pain.
Ø Hail, Qerer, who comest forth from Amentet, I have not commited fornication.
Ø Hail, thou whose face is turned black, who comest from thy hiding place, I have not caused shedding of tears.
Ø Hail, Bast, who comest forth from the secret place, I have not dealt deceitfully.
Ø Hail, thou whose legs are fire, who comest forth out of the darkness, I have not transgressed.
Ø Hail, Devourer of Blood, who comest forth from the block of slaughter, I have not acted guilefully.
Ø Hail, Devourer of the inward parts, who comest from the Mabet, I have not laid waste the ploughed land.
Ø Hail, Lord of Right and Truth, who comest forth from the city of Right and Truth, I have not been an eavesdropper.
Ø Hail, thou who dost stride backwards, who comest forth from the city of Bast, I have not set my lips in motion against any man.
Ø Hail, Sertiu, who comest forth from Annu, I have not been angry or wrathful except for a just cause.
Ø Hail, thou being of two-fold wickedness, who comes forth from Ati I have not defiled the wife of any man.
Ø Hail, thou two-headed serpent, who comest forth from the torture-chamber, I have not defiled the wife of any man.
Ø Hail, thou who dost regard what is brought unto thee, who comest forth from Pa-Amsu, I have not polluted myself.
Ø Hail, thou Chief of the mighty, who comest forth from Amentet, I have not caused terror.
Ø Hail, thou Destroyer, who comest forth from Kesiu, I have not transgressed.
Ø Hail, thou who orderest speech, who comest forth from Urit, I have not burned with rage.
Ø Hail, thou Babe, who comest forth from Uab, I have not stopped my ears against the words of Right and Truth.
Ø Hail, Kenemti, who comest forth from Kenemet, I have not worked grief.
Ø Hail, thou who bringest thy offering, I have not acted with insolence.
Ø Hail, thou who orderest speech, who comest forth from Unaset, I have not stirred up strife.
Ø Hail, Lord of faces, who comest forth from Netchfet, I have not judged hastily.
Ø Hail, Sekheriu, who comest forth from utten, I have not been an eavesdropper.
Ø Hail, Lord of the two horns, who comest forth from Sais, I have not multiplied words exceedingly.
Ø Hail, Nefer-Tmu, who comest forth from Het-Ptah-ka, I have done neither harm nor ill.
Ø Hail, Tmu in thine hour, who comest forth from Tattu, I have never cursed the king.
Ø Hail, thou who workest with thy will, who comest forth from Tebu, I have never fouled the water.
Ø Hail, thou bearer of the sistrum, who comest forth from Nu, I have not spoken scornfully.
Ø Hail, thou who makest mankind to flourish, who comest forth from Sais, I have never cursed God.
Ø Hail, Neheb-ka, who comest froth from thy hiding place, I have not stolen.
Ø Hail, Neheb-nefert, who comest forth from thy hiding place, I have not defrauded the offerings of the gods.
Ø Hail, thou who dost set in order the head, who comest forth from they shrine, I have not plundered the offerings to the blessed dead.
Ø Hail, thou who bringest thy arm, who comest forth from the city of Maati, I have not filched the food of the infant, neither have I sinned against the god of my native town.
Ø Hail, thou whose teeth are white, why comest forth from Ta-she, I have not slaughtered with evil intent the cattle of the god.
Papyrus of Ani depicting the Negative Confessions and the Final Judgment
As soon as Negative Confession was passed, the mortal stood before the Final Judgment. Their heart was placed on a scale and was weighed against a feather. As I said before, it had to be in perfect balance. If it wasn’t, Amut would eat them and they would cease to exist (it should be noted, for the Egyptians it was preferable to wander the Underworld forever than to be removed from existence). But if they were successful, they would be lead to the gates of the Field of Reeds where they could live with their loved ones and the gods for eternity. The Field of Reeds iconography is identical to that of paintings of the Nile, which was the symbol of ultimate life for the Egyptians. So it makes sense that this important element in their earthly existence would follow them into the afterlife as well.
In closing
This is an abbriviated version of some key points in the Papyrus of Ani. Overall though it gives us a good glimpse into the
minds of the ancient Egyptians, how they have some control in the afterlife and how they can circumvent the rules of the gods.
http://hubpages.com/hub/Papyrus-of-Ani--The-Egyptian-Book-of-the-Dead
ISN'T THE ART OF THE MYTHOLOGY MAGNIFICENT!!! .. anyway, back to the mundane ..
See, also, YOU know .. http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=50803939&txt2find=egyptian
then .. http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=51246109&txt2find=egyptian
also you have seen this one .. http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=51741281&txt2find=egyptian
Jonathan Swift said, "May you live all the days of your life!"
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