Grapefruit USA Inc (GPFT)

[ndforlife]

Some DD

http://imaging3.com/Dominion/Modes


Modes
Continuous 3D Scan View - high velocity orbit ongoing acquisition
Single 3D SafeScan View - high velocity orbit one acquisition
Continuous 2D Scan View - ongoing acquisition


The DVIS has a fluoroscopy xray generator/scanner combination (or several generators/scanners) mounted opposite each other on a gantry which rotates at an extremely high rate of velocity. While spinning each scanner acquires xray images at a rate of 30 or 60 per second. The XRay shutter/s can remain open to produce a Continuous 3D Scan View. However if a subject does not change a Single 3D SafeScan View may be preferable. The device spins just as quickly in Single 3D SafeScan mode. The shutter is opened briefly then promptly closed. The faster the orbit the less exposure to harmful radiation needed to produce a high quality 3D image. If the old-fashioned C-Arm type of view is prefered, the machine still operates in Continuous 2D Scan mode without revolving rapidly. SafeSlices and filters can be applied to images in Continuous 3D Scan mode or Single 3D SafeScan mode.

Safety

Additional radiation is not required to manipulate and view a Single 3D SafeScan image using roll/pitch/yaw/zoom navigation commmands. Hence the name SafeScan.

Additional radiation is not required to perform catscan type of slice operations. They are done with a scrollbar and applied to a 3D image not the patient. Hence the name SafeSlice.

The production model DVIS is expected to acquire a Single 3D SafeScan View with approximately the same exposure as 1-5 dental Xrays. A dental Xray for reference consists of about as much radiation as the average person encounters from natural sources in one day of living.


http://imaging3.com/Dominion/Technology

Breakthrough Medical Technology

Imaging3 has developed a breakthrough medical technology (patented) that will produce 3D medical diagnostic images in Single 3D SafeScan and Continuous 3D Scan mode.

Single 3D SafeScan

In the late 19th century, when xray technology was newly discovered, there was a debate over whether or not fluoroscopic moving images would replace radiographic still images. Due to the single dose of radiation that one-time photos required compared to the ongoing dose that motion pictures needed freeze frames won the controversy and became the standard of the industry. In the early 21st century the two concepts no longer need to be mutually exclusive. Motion pictures in 2D from every angle can be captured near instantly and viewed individually or transformed into 3D images that can be moved and manipulated. In Single 3D SafeScan mode as the generator/scanner orbits the xray shutter is opened briefly then promptly closed to collect 2D images from all angles. The set of images is then turned into a 3D model.

The conversion from 2D images to a 3D model occurs in a fraction of a second on a super computer. The Azure cloud will be used to host transform software just as soon as Microsoft releases the promised N-Series virtual machine product. Cloud hosting allows use of software on a periodic subscription basis not local copy which can easily be pirated and ensures that the hardware and software available to customers is up-to-date and modern. The 3D models generated by N-series virtual machines in the cloud, once downloaded, can be viewed and manipulated with roll/pitch/yaw commands and sliced on regular machines using regular video cards ranging in price from $500 to $5000. No need to purchase a fancy $50,000 super computer that will become obsolete within two years.

If the 3D scanner technology is coupled with a 3D printer to create a 3D photocopier combination the conversion from 2D images to 3D printout will be an option. This opens up the possibility of an entirely new debate contest. Whether or not physical 3D printouts will replace virtual 3D models viewed and manipulated on computer screens?

Continuous 3D Scan

The DVIS spins at an extremely high velocity, similar to a washing machine as it dries clothes only much faster. Think of it like a LIDAR system on top of an autonomous vehicle which rotates super fast. LIDAR like the DVIS has a light generator, but it emits lasers, not xrays, in the outward direction. Instead of performing data acquisition in the outward direction like the LIDAR the DVIS performs data acquisition in the inward direction. The DVIS software is based on Earth Observing Satellite (EOS) technology principles with three key differences. 1) EOS instruments study above surface features and do not penetrate the object being observed (the earth). 2) EOS orbits last approximately 100 minutes in contrast to DVIS or LIDAR orbits which take place in less than a second. 3) It takes JPL/NASA hours to process the data. For example MISR data products are available 3 hours after data acquisition. DVIS level 3 (visualization data) must be available within a fraction of a second. Xray generators and scanners mounted on opposite sides of a gantry allow for data acquisition in the inward direction. Frame rates of up to 60 frames per second are possible using COTS (common of the shelf) medical scanner equipment. This setup allows for 3D refreshes which occur as the 3D model is being manipulated by roll, pitch, yaw, zoom, and slice navigation commands.

Radiation

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna claims that fluoroscopy doses range between 0.08 and 0.15 mSv per minute. See section #12 link here. The mid range value 0.115 mSv per minute divided by 60 seconds is 0.002 mSv per second. This is a rough approximation and the amount can be lower or higher depending on subject matter. For example to view a piece of corn requires a different dose than a human skull.

The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and American College of Radiology (ACR) sponsored website claims that a dental xray exposure is 0.005 mSv and is equivalent to one day of natural background radiation. See table link here.

Since xrays penetrate an object only 180 degrees is needed to produce a 3D image. The image at 0-179 degrees is the same exact image as 180-359 degrees for example. With only a single xray generator/scanner combination in order to perform a data acquisiton of 180 degrees with 1 degree granularity at 30 frames per second requires 6 seconds + 1 second for padding = 7 seconds total. The Single 3D SafeScan images on this website were all created with the DVIS version 1 proof of concept prototype which consists of 1 xray generator/scanner pair. Using several combinations of synchronized xray generator/scanner pairs spinning much faster and acquiring images at 60 frames per second can reduce the radiation tally even further. Referencing the IAEA fluoroscopy dose of 0.002 mSv per second as a guide and assuming that an xray shutter stays open for 7 seconds exposes an object to 0.014 mSv of radiation.

In summary the DVIS version 1 proof of concept prototype exposes an object to roughly 0.014 mSv in other words 3 dental xrays or about 3 days of natural background radiation in order to produce the quality of 3D image one sees in the Single 3D SafeScan galleries on the yellow sidebar menu.

Safety

Conventional fluoroscopy patient exposure time is usually measured in minutes. Single 3D SafeScan time is measured in seconds. The current model requires 7 seconds of exposure to acquire 180 images. An onboard computer continuously runs an independent service which monitors the xray. If at any time for any reason the xray stays on for longer than 10 seconds the monitor turns the xray off. This xray monitor runs continuously on the onboard computer and stays active for as long as the system is on.

Multi-Function Device

A diagnostic medical imaging device built with Imaging3 Technology can perform several functions and can replace or supplement a number of existing devices, resulting in considerable cost savings for hospitals and healthcare centers.

The company's management believes that this multi-function capability will be especially attractive in foreign markets, where the cost of a CT scanner is beyond the means of most hospitals and healthcare centers.


Features
Mobile Form Factor Fits Through a Standard Room Door
No Shielded Room Required – Device Can Be Wheeled From OR To ER
Works on Standard 120v Wall Outlet Power
Multiple Pivot Points for Minimal Patient Movement