NorthWest Biotherapeutics Inc (NWBO)

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It is also important to recognize the possibility that some of the late “relapses” may not be recurrences of the original tumor but new disease induced by the radiation treatment. Experimental work with animal models supports the reality of this risk (13). Three-year-old normal rhesus monkeys were given whole brain radiation using a protocol similar to the common human radiation protocol and then followed for 2-9 years thereafter. A startling 82% of the monkeys developed glioblastoma tumors during that follow-up period.

Lonser, R. R., et al. Induction of glioblastoma multiforme in nonhuman primates after therapeutic doses of fractionated whole-brain radiation therapy. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2002, 97 (6), 1378-1389