Tenax Therapeutics Inc (TENX)

[skyticket1]

LCOS can be considered a form of acute heart failure (AHF). In the same way that AHF produces high mortality in non-surgical patients, LCOS is a major cause of perioperative death in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. LCOS is, however, a peculiar form of AHF as it differs from the latter in etiology, prognosis, and treatment, all of which are influenced by the combination of surgery and anesthesia. Do not compare apples with pears! Abbott went for ADHF (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure)

Although LCOS is not implicated in all deaths after cardiac surgery, it can likely be said to have a part in the majority of deaths. LCOS prolongs the period of invasive monitoring and mechanical ventilation, both of which increase infection rates and are largely responsible for the deterioration in renal functioning. In that sense as well, LCOS' impact on mortality is apparent. In fact, LCOS can be considered a complication of cardiac surgery which directly causes further complications.


Although the general principles for treating AHF apply in the case of LCOS, there are nevertheless some clear differences. Adequate oxygenation should be ensured by using mechanical ventilation and the usual anesthetic care. In surgical patients with low output, hypertension is not present and vasodilatation should be approached with caution in patients who are already usually vasodilated.

Given that contractility is affected by myocardial ischemia stemming from use of an aortic clip, inflammatory response, and some anesthetic drugs, inotropic agents are used in the operating theater and in the immediate postoperative context much earlier and in higher doses that in non-surgical patients. Balloon counterpulsation or mechanical ventricular assistance are also usually used much earlier and more frequently than in non-surgical patients.