Nobody used chimps pre-IND. Too expensive. Some have stopped completly at any stage, Wayne State University for example (My sister is a L.A.R. supervisor for over 30 years). That would be a financial bullet to the head for any company, big or small. The money burn rate would be ridiculous at such an early stage.
"AG129 mice are the most promising small animal model for DEN virus infection that has been investigated to date."
Humanized Mouse Infected With HIV Vaginally And Rectally Allows Testing
ScienceDaily (Apr. 21, 2009) — The "humanized mouse" developed by Dr. J. Victor Garcia-Martinez has allowed the University of Texas Southwestern physician-scientist to conduct HIV/AIDS studies that would have been impossible without such a small animal model of HIV infection. The virus only infects humans and chimpanzees, which are protected as endangered species [humans are endangered?].
But because the new mouse model is a chimera, with a human immune system, it can be infected. Last year, using these humanized mice, a team of scientists led by Dr. Garcia-Martinez demonstrated that antiretroviral drugs given before and after exposure to HIV could prevent vaginal transmission of the virus. That suggests the possibility that women at high risk of HIV infection might one day be able to take a pill on a regular basis. And, since the drugs tested are already available, having gone through the long and complex approval process, that day might be sooner rather than later.
On April 19, Dr. Garcia-Martinez tells fellow scientists attending Experimental Biology 2009 in New Orleans that the team is now using the mouse model to obtain evidence that these same approaches apply to protecting men.
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