Lightwave Logic Inc (LWLG)

[x993231]

Explaining GHz, Gbit/s per lane. NRZ, PAM4 and 3db

GHz, Gbit/s per lane. NRZ, PAM4, 3db What is the difference?

3db means loss (you do not want more than 3db loss) so they push everything to this limit then measure for an apples to apples comparison.

NRZ means raw speed (Think Castle top like signal)
PAM4 is an encoding scheme that doubles the raw speed (Think stair step like signal twice as many 1’s and 0’s fit in it)


Lebby
“More recently, both silicon and indium phosphide increased their designs to increase their basic bandwidth performance to 40 to 60 GHz, with sporadic performances approaching 70 GHz. As a rule of thumb, a 70-GHz 3-dB optical bandwidth is needed for 100 Gbit/s (or 100 Gbaud NRZ) and 200 Gbit/s (or 100 Gbaud PAM4) encoding.

In today’s optical networks, many data center operators are looking for technologies that are capable of at least 200 Gbit/s per lane (for 800 Gbit/s 4 lanes, and 1.6 Tbit/s 8 lanes). Polymer modulators easily achieve 70 GHz and have shown performance levels already at 150 GHz (which is roughly double today’s lane rate, which enables the potential of 1.6 Tbit/s with 4 lanes).”


Silicon and Indium Phosphide are stuck at 60 GHz it did hit 70GHz but the wheels were vibrating so much it disintegrated. In order to operate at 100 Gbits per second a device needs to run at 70GHz constantly.
Lightwave material enables Polymer modulators to easily achieve 70GHz, So what Lightwave has today (as in the bag) is 100 Gbits Per second NRZ, add on PAM4 it now has 200Gbits per second if you put 4 of them on a silicon chip you have 800Gbits which is exactly what the industry need NOW.

Polymer modulators have shown performance at 150GHz which means 200Gbits per second add PAM4 it is 400Gbits per second put 4 of them next to each other 1.6 Tera Bytes Per second

A terabyte is 1 terabyte is exactly 1 trillion bytes so 1.2 bytes per second Looks like this 1,200,000,000,000

Todays 40 Gbits per second modulators is this 40 Billion bytes it looks like this 40,000,000,000

See Below chip with 4 lanes this what Lightwaves current modulator would look like oh and it is 800,000,000,000



See Below Demand and year



See 2 things below 1st how balanced it is and note that it can operate at 100 degrees more than the industry is requiring. The industry major reason for not adopting this was stability. Lightwave hits it out of the park.




Instead of 40 Gig, Lightwave brings 800 to the table and Lightwave then shows how it can do 1,200 in the next generation. The industry wants to see a future and Lightwave has it for at least 10 years.

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