$GPHOF As the U.S. battery supply chain expands, the Inflation Reduction Act is incentivizing the use of domestically sourced materials, including graphite, in U.S.-made batteries. Northwestern University researchers conducted the first natural and synthetic graphite material flow analysis for the U.S., analyzing graphite’s end-use applications, waste management, and recycling pathways. The study aimed to reduce reliance on graphite imports, largely from China, which are crucial for electric vehicles, energy storage, laptops and cell phones.