A Republic, if you can keep it

[Vexari]

The United States Government and "Constructive Fraud"

SECTION II - CONSTRUCTIVE FRAUD

"Constructive fraud: A contract or act, which, not originating in
evil design and contrivance to perpetuate a positive fraud or
injury upon other persons, yet, by its necessary tendency to
deceive or mislead them, or to violate a public or private
confidence, or to impair or injure public interest, is deemed
equally reprehensible with positive fraud, and therefore is
prohibited by law, ... " Bovier's Law Dictionary - 1856 Edition

1. The United States went "Bankrupt" in 1933 and was declared so
by President Roosevelt by Executive Orders 6073, 6102, 6111, and
Executive Order 6260, (See: Senate Report 93-549, pages 187 & 594)
under the "Trading With The Enemy Act" (Sixty-Fifth Congress,
Sess. I, Chs. 105, 106, October 6, 1917), and as codified at 12
U.S.C.A. 95a.

2 The several States of the Union then pledged the faith and
credit thereof to the aid of the National Government, and formed
numerous committees, such as the "Council of State Governments",
"Social Security Administration", etc., to purportedly deal with
the contrived economic "Emergency" caused by the bankruptcy.
These Organizations operated under the "Declaration of
Interdependence" of January 22, 1937, and published some of their
activities in "The Book of the States."

NOTE: The Council of State Governments has now been absorbed into
such things as the "National Conference of Commissioners on
Uniform State Laws", whose Headquarters Office is located at 676
North St. Clair Street, Suite 1700, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
"all" being "members of the Bar", and operating under a different
"Constitution and by-laws" has promulgated, lobbied for, passed,
adjudicated and ordered the implementation and execution of their
purported statutory provisions, to "help implement international
treaties of the United States or where world uniformity would be
desirable." (See: 1990/1991 Reference Book, National Council of
Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, pg. 2) This is apparently
what Robert Bork meant when he wrote "we are governed not by law
or elected representatives but by an unelected, unrepresentative,
unaccountable committee of lawyers applying no will but their
own." (See: The Tempting Of America, Robert H. Bork, pg. 130)

3 In view of Robert H. Bork's statement, it is more than worthy
of note that there is an "original" 13th Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution called the "Title of Nobility" Amendment that reads:

"If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive
or retain any title of nobility or honor, or shall, without the
consent of congress, accept and retain any present, pension,
office or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king,
prince or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen
of the United States, and shall be incapable of holding any office
of trust or profit under them, or either of them."

4 In January, 1810, Senator Reed proposed the "Title of
Nobility" Amendment (History of Congress, Proceedings of the
Senate, p. 529-530). On April 27, 1810, the Senate voted to pass
this 13th Amendment by a vote of 26 to 1; the House resolved in
the affirmative 87 to 3; and the resolve was sent to the States
for ratification: By Dec. 10, 1812, twelve of the required
thirteen States had ratified as follows: Maryland, Dec. 25,
1810; Kentucky, Jan. 31, 1811; Ohio, Jan. 31, 1811; Delaware, Feb.
2, 1811; Pennsylvania, Feb. 6, 1811; New Jersey, Feb. 13, 1811;
Vermont, Oct. 24, 1811; Tennessee, Nov. 21, 1811; Georgia, Dec.
13, 1811; North Carolina, Dec. 23, 1811; Massachusetts, Feb. 27,
1812;New Hampshire, Dec. 10, 1812. Before a thirteenth State could
ratify, the War of 1812 broke out and interupted this very rapid
move for ratification.

No record has been found that the State of Connecticut ever acted
to either accept or reject this original 13th Amendment. Yet, it
was published in three separate editions of "The Public Statute
Laws of the State of Connecticut" as a part of the U.S.
Constitution in 1821, 1824 and 1835. Then, without record or
explanation, it mysteriously disappeared from subsequent editions
prior to the Civil War between the states. However, printing by a
legislature is prima facie evidence of ratification, and it has
been found to have been printed as part of the Constitution in
this and many other states until around the Civil War period -
when it mysteriously disappeared from subsequent printings. It
was found to have been printed by the legislature of this State in
the following: 1821 - The Public Statute Laws of the State of
Connecticut, as revised and enacted by the General Assembly in
May, 1821 pg. 19 1824 - The Public Statute Laws of the State of
Connecticut, as revised and enacted by the General Assembly in
May, 1824 pg.18-19 1835 - The Public Statute Laws of the State of
Connecticut, compiled in obedience to a resolve of the General
Assembly passed May, 1835, to which is prefixed the Declaration of
Independence & Constitution of the United States and the State of
Connecticut, published by the authority of the State of
Connecticut. The Marginal note in all three publications reads:
"Citizenship forfeited by the acceptance, from a foreign power, of
any title of nobility, office or emolument of any kind, &c." The
prima facie evidence of ratification of this Amendment is
overwhelming. Since the creditors of this bankruptcy are foreign
powers and this "unacountable committee of lawyers'" spoken of by
Robert H. Bork have accepted and retained the "office of trustee"
for these creditors and foreign powers, their Citizenship has
been forfeited by this acceptance.

5 The Reorganization of the bankruptcy is located in Title 5 of
the United States Code Annotated. The "Explanation" at the
beginning of 5 U.S.C.A. is most informative reading. The
"Secretary of Treasury" was appointed as the "Receiver" in
Bankruptcy. (See: Reorganization Plan No. 26, 5 U.S.C.A. 903,
Public Law 94-564, Legislative History, pg. 5967) Since a
bankrupt loses control over his business, this appointment to the
"Office of Receiver" in bankruptcy had to have been made by the
"creditors" who are "foreign powers or principals".

6 The United States as Corporator, (22 U.S.C.A. 286E, et seq.)
and "State" (C.R.S. 24-36- 104, C.R.S. 24-60-1301(h)) had
declared "Insolvency." (See: 26 I.R.C. 165(g)(1), U.C.C.
1-201(23), C.R.S. 39-22--103.5, Westfall vs. Braley, 10 Ohio 188,
75 Am. Dec. 509, Adams vs. Richardson, 337 S.W. 2d 911; Ward vs.
Smith, 7 Wall. 447) A permanent state of "Emergency" was
instituted, formed and erected within the Union through the
contrivance, fraud and avarice of the International Financial
Institutions, Organizations, Corporations and Associations,
including the Federal Reserve, their "fiscal and depository agent"
-- whose member banks are "privately owned corporations". 22
U.S.C.A. 286d

7 The government, by becoming a corporator, (See: 22 U.S.C.A. 286e)
lays down its sovereignty and takes on that of a private citizen.
It can exercise no power which is not derived from the corporate
charter. (See: The Bank of the United States vs. Planters Bank of
Georgia, 6 L. Ed. (9 Wheat) 244, U.S. vs. Burr, 309 U.S. 242)
The real party in interest is not the de jure "United States of
America" or "State", but "The Bank" and "The Fund." (22 U.S.C.A.
286, et seq., C.R.S. 11-60-103) The acts committed under fraud,
force and seizures are many times done under "Letters of Marque
and Reprisal" i.e. "recapture." (See: 31 U.S.C.A. 5323)

THE BANKRUPTCY HAS NEVER ENDED!

8 On March 17, 1993, on page 1303 of Volume 33 of the
Congressional Record, Congressman Traficant stated: "Mr. Speaker,
We are now here in Chapter 11. Members of Congress are official
trustees presiding over the greatest reorganization of any
bankrupt entity in world history, the U.S. Government."

9 This is an amazing confession as it applies, not only to
"Members of Congress," but also to the Secretary of the Treasury
as the "Receiver in bankruptcy" and to all state and federal
"officials" who act under the de facto authority of that bankrupt
Foreign Corporation known as the United States as trustees
(foreign agents) for foreign principals. Trustees work for the
creditors of a bankruptcy and are agents for foreign principals.
In this case the creditors are the Federal Reserve Banks, the
International Monetary Fund (the Fund) and the International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development (the Bank).

10 It is worthy of note that an Attorney/Representative is
required to file a "Foreign Agents Registration Statement"
pursuant to 22 U.S.C.A. 611c(1)(iv) & 612), when representing the
interests of a Foreign Principal or Power. (See: 22 U.S.C.A. 613,
Rabinowitz vs. Kennedy, 376 U.S. 605, 11 L. Ed. 2d 940, 18
U.S.C.A. 219 & 951)

11 The contrived "emergency" has created numerous abuses and
usurpations, and abridgments of delegated Powers and Authority as
clearly stated in Senate Report 93-549 (1973):

"A majority of the people of the United States have lived all of
their lives under emergency rule. For 40 years, [64 years now]
freedoms and governmental procedures guaranteed by the
Constitution have in varying degrees been abridged by laws
brought into force by statutes of national emergency."

12 According to 16 American jurisprudence, 2nd Edition, Sections
71 and 82, no "emergency" justifies a violation of any
Constitutional provision. Arguendo, "Supremacy Clause" and
"Separation of Powers". It is clearly admitted in Senate Report
No. 93-549 that abridgment has occurred.

FRAUD

13 On March 6, 1933 the federal government got the Conference of
Governors to pledge the faith and credit of the several States of
the Union and their citizenry to the aid of the National
Government, (see pp. 18 - 24 of The Public Papers And Addresses
of Franklin Roosevelt, Volume II, The Year Of Crisis, March 6,
1933) for what they openly admitted to doing. They encouraged the
President to ask for and use extra-constitutional powers during
the "emergency" that continues to this day.

"Emergency does not create power. Emergency does not increase
granted power or remove or diminish restrictions imposed upon
power granted or reserved. The Constitution was adopted IN a
period of grave emergency. Its grants of power to the Federal
Government and its limitations of the power of the States were
determined in the light of emergency and they are NOT altered by
emergency." [Emphasis added] Home Building & Loan Assoc. v
Blaisdell 290 US 426 (1934)

"The Constitution of the United States is a LAW for rulers and
people equally in war and peace, and covers with the shield of
its protection ALL classes of men, at ALL times, and under ALL
circumstances. No doctrine, involving more pernicious
consequences, was EVER invented by the wit of man than that any of
its provisions can be suspended during any of the great exigencies
of the government. Such a doctrine leads directly to anarchy or
to despotism." [Emphasis added] U.S. Supreme Court in 1866

14 This State property was the collateral accepted by the
creditors (foreign principals) so the federal government could
borrow more Federal Reserve Notes (private bank credit) and keep
operating under reorganization. Roosevelt issued Executive Orders
6073, 6102, 6111 and 6260.

6073 issued on March 10, 1933, called the "bank holiday" which
closed the doors of the bankrupt government chartered banks (they
were bankrupt as a whole).

6102 issued on April 5, 1933, prohibited "hoarding" gold and
required people to turn it (their property) in to the Federal
Reserve Banks (the creditors).

6111 issued on April 20, 1933, prohibited people from exporting
gold (because now it wasn't theirs anymore).

6260 issued on August 20, 1933, combined 6102 and 6111.

All this is totally unlawful unless someone other than the people
owned the people's possessions. Yet, they were pledged to be
surrendered if they needed to be, and they needed to be under the
orders of the bankruptcy, and thereby deprived the people of their
property under color of a contrived "emergency."

15 These proclamations gave force to 470 provisions of Federal
law. These hundreds of statutes delegate to the President
extraordinary powers, ordinarily exercised by the Congress, which
affect the lives of American citizens in a host of
all-encompassing manners. This vast range of unconstitutional
powers, taken together, confer enough authority to rule the
country without reference to normal constitutional process.

16 Under the powers delegated by these statutes, the President
may: seize property; organize and control the means of production;
seize commodities; assign military forces abroad; institute
martial law; seize and control all transportation and
communication; regulate the operation of private enterprise;
restrict travel; and in a plethora of particular ways, control the
lives of all American citizens. The several States were seduced
into the new policy in 1939, with Roosevelt's promise of federal
grants-in-aid. Federal Revenue Sharing (31 U.S.C. ( 6700 et
seq.) is the modern version of the grants-in-aid program. In
return for these grants, the states would agree to uphold and
maintain the pledge of life, labor and property of their
respective citizenry as surety for the debt obligations of the
Federal government. The politicians of these respective states
gladly complied, because they viewed this as an opportunity to
increase their own political power, letting the next generation of
office holders worry over the long term consequences of their
acts.

17 On May 23, 1933, Congressman, Louis T. McFadden, brought
formal charges against the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve Bank system, the Comptroller of the Currency and the
Secretary of the United States Treasury for numerous criminal
acts, including but not limited to, CONSPIRACY, FRAUD, UNLAWFUL
CONVERSION, AND TREASON. The petition for Articles of Impeachment
was thereafter referred to the Judiciary Committee, and has yet to
be acted upon. (See: the Congressional Record, May 23, 1933, pp.
4055-4058.)

18 Such persons fraudulently swore an Oath to uphold, defend and
preserve the sovereignty of the Nation and several Republican
States of the Union, and breached the Duty to protect the
People/Citizens and their Posterity from fraud, imposition,
avarice and stealthy encroachment. (See: Atkins et al. vs. U.S.,
556 F.2d 1028, pg. 1072, 1074, The Tempting Of America, supra,
pgs. 155 - 159, also see, 5 U.S.C.A. 5305 & 5335, Senate Report
No. 93-549, pgs. 69 - 71, C.R.S. 24-75-101)

19 Such principles as "Fraud and Justice never dwell together"
(Wingate's Maxims 680), and "A right of action cannot arise out of
fraud." (Broom's maxims 297, 729; Cowper's Reports 343; 5 Scott's
New Reports 558; 10 Mass. 276; 38 Fed. 800) These basic
principles are too high of a thought concept, as is "Due Process",
"Just Compensation" and Justice itself. Honor is earned by
honesty and integrity, not under false and fraudulent pretenses.
The color of the cloth one wears will not cover-up the
usurpations, lies, trickery and deceptions.

20 In 1938, the whole country was bankrupted! The creditors
(foreign powers) seized ownership of the flag, State governments,
their laws and constitutions, including every last comma and
period, and the whole country and its citizens! It placed us in
peonage. The 1937 Edition of the Book of the States openly
declared that the people engaged in such activities as the
Farming/Agro Related Industry had already been reduced to mere
feudal "Tenants" on their Land, see the Book Of The States, Book
II, Volume II, 1937, p 155. It is the most humungous fraud ever
perpetrated in human history. But "government officials", both
State and federal, went along with it, and continue to keep it all
secret from the American people.

21 In 1940, Congress passed the "Buck Act", (4 U.S.C.S. Sections
105 113). In Section 110(e), the Act authorized any department of
the federal government to create a "Federal area" for imposition
of the "Public Salary Tax Act" of 1939. This tax is imposed at 4
U.S.C.S. Sec. 111. The Social Security Board had already created
a "Federal area" overlay.

22 Thus the obvious question arises: What is a "Federal area"? A
"Federal area" is any area designated by any agency, department,
or establishment of the federal government. This includes the
Social Security areas designated by the Social Security
Administration, any public housing area that has federal funding,
a road that has federal funding, and almost everything that the
federal government touches through any type of aid. (See
Springfield v. Kenny, 104 N.E. 2d 65 (1951 App.)) This "Federal
area" purportedly attaches to anyone who has a Social Security
Number. Through this mechanism, the federal government usurped the
Sovereignty of the People, as well as the Sovereignty of the
several states, by creating "Federal areas" within the boundaries
of the states under the purported authority of Article 4, Section
3, Clause 2 (4:3:2) in the federal constitution.

Therefore, all U.S. citizens [i.e. citizens of the District of
Columbia] residing in one of the states of the Union, are
classified as "property", as franchisees of the federal
government, and as an "individual entity". (See Wheeling Steel
Corp. v. Fox, 298 U.S. 193, 80 L.Ed. 1143, 56 S.Ct. 773.

23 Under the "Buck Act", (4 U.S.C.S. Sections 105-113), the
federal government has created "Federal areas" within the
boundaries of all the several States. These areas are similar to
any territory that the federal government aquires through
purchase, conquest or treaty, thereby imposing federal territorial
law upon all people in these "federal areas". Federal territorial
law is evidenced by the Executive Branch's yellow fringed U.S.
flag displayed in schools and most courtrooms.

24 In 1966, Congress being severely compromised, passed the
"Federal Tax Lien Act of 1966, by which the entire taxing and
monetary system i.e. "Essential Engine" (See: Federalist Papers
No. 31) was placed under the Uniform Commercial Code. (See:
Public Law 89-719, Legislative History, pg. 3722, also see, C.R.S.
5-1- 106).

25 The Uniform Commercial Code was, of course, promulgated by the
National Conference of Commissioners On Uniform State Laws in
collusion with the American Law Institute for the "banking and
business interests." (See: Handbook Of The National Conference of
Commissioners On Uniform State Laws, (1966) Ed. pgs. 152 & 153).

26 Things steadily grew worse and on March 28, 1970, President
Nixon issued Proclamation No. 3972, declaring an "emergency"
because the Postal Employees struck against the de facto
government for higher pay, due to inflation of the paper "Bills of
Credit." (See: Senate Report No. 93-549, pg. 596) Nixon placed
the U.S. Postal Department under the control of the "Department of
Defense." (See: Department Of The Army Field Manual, FM 41-10
(1969))

27 The contrived "emergency" has created numerous abuses and
usurpations, and abridgements of delegated Powers and Authority as
stated in Senate Report 93-549:

28 The statements heard in the Federal and State Tribunals, on
numerous occasions, that Constitutional arguments are
"immaterial", "frivolous" etc., is based upon concealment,
furtherance and compounding of the frauds and "Emergency" created
and sustained by the "Expatriated", ALIENS of the United Nations
and its Organizations, Corporations and Associations. (See:
Letter, Insight Magazine, February 18, 1991, pg. 7, Lowell L.
Flanders, President, U.N. Staff Union, New York) 8 U.S.C.A. 1481
is one of the controlling statutes on expatriation as is 22
U.S.C.A. 611 - 613 and 50 U.S.C.A. 781.

29 This of course complies with "Silent Weapons For Quiet Wars",
Research Technical Manual TM-SW7905.1, which discloses a
declaration of war upon the American people. (See: pg. 3 & 7).
The Internal Revenue Service entered into a "service agreement"
with the U.S. Treasury Department (See: Public Law 94-564,
Legislative History, pg. 5987, Reorganization Plan No. 26) and the
Agency for International Development, pursuant to Treasury
Delegation Order No. 91. The Agency For International
Development is an International paramilitary operation (See:
Department Of The Army Field Manual, (1969) FM 41-10, pgs. 1-4,
Sec. 1-7(b) & 1-6, Section 1- -10(7)(c)(1), 22 U.S.C.A. 284), and
includes such activities as "Assumption of full or partial
executive, legislative, and judicial authority over a country or
area." (See: FM 41-10, pg. 1-7, Section 110(7)(c)(4)) also see,
Agreement Between The United Nations And The United States Of
America Regarding The Headquarters Of The United Nations, Section
7(d) & (8), 22 U.S.C.A. 287 (1979 Ed.) at pg. 241). It is to be
further observed that the "Agreement" regarding the Headquarters
District of the United Nations was NOT agreed to (See:
Congressional Record - Senate, December 13, 1967, Mr. Thurmond),
and is illegally in the Country in the first instant.

30 The 1985 Edition of the Department Of Army Field Manual, FM 41
10 further describes the International "Civil Affairs"
operations. At page 3-6 it is admitted that the Agency for
International Development is autonomous and under direction of the
International Development Cooperation Agency, and at page 3-8,
that the operation is "paramilitary." The International
Organization(s) intents and purposes was to promote, implement and
enforce a "DICTATORSHIP OVER FINANCE IN THE UNITED STATES." (See:
Senate Report No. 93-549, pg. 186)

It appears from the documentary evidence that the Internal Revenue
Service Agents etc., are "Agents of a Foreign Principal" within
the meaning and intent of the "Foreign Agents Registration Act of
1938." They are directed and controlled by the corporate
"Governor" of The Fund" a/k/a "Secretary of Treasury" (See: Public
Law 94-564, supra, pg. 5942, U.S. Government Manual 1990/91, pgs.
480 & 481, 26 U.S.C.A. 7701(a)(11), Treasury Delegation Order No.
150-10), and the corporate "Governor" of "The Bank" 22 U.S.C.A.
286 & 286a, acting as "information service employees 22 U.S.C.A.
611(c)(ii), and have been and do now "solicit, collect,
disburse or dispense contribution (Tax - pecuniary contribution,
Black's Law Dict. 5th ed.), loans, money or other things of value
for or in interest of such foreign principal 22 U.S.C.A.
611(c)(iii), and they entered into agreements with a Foreign
Principal pursuant to Treasury Delegation Order No. 91 i.e. the
"Agency For International Development." (See: 22 U.S.C.A.
611(c)(2))

31 Among other reasons for lack of authority to act, such as a
Foreign Agents Registration Statement, 22 U.S.C.A. 612 and 18
U.S.C.A. 219 & 951, military authority cannot be imposed into
civil affairs. (See: Department Of The Army Pamphlet 27100- 70,
Military Law Review, Vol. 70)

32 An unelected, unrepresentative, unaccountable oligarchy of
expatriates and aliens, who fraudulently claim that they intend to
establish "rational and equitable international economic
relations", yet openly declared that they no longer "stabilize
the value of the dollar" nor "assure the value of the coin and
currency of the United States" is purely misrepresentation,
deceit and fraud. (See: Public Law 95-147, 91 Stat. 1227, at pg.
1229)

This was augmented by Public Law 101-167, 103 Stat. 1195, which
discloses massive appropriations of rehypothecated debt credit for
the general welfare and common defense of other Foreign Powers,
including "Communist" countries or satellites, International
control of natural and human resources, etc. etc.. A "Resource"
is a claim of "property" and when related to people constitutes
"slavery."

33 The covert procedure used to implement and enforce these
Foreign Constitutions, Laws, Procedures, Rules, Regulations, etc.,
has not yet been fully collected and assimilated nor presented as
evidence to establish seditious collusion and conspiracy. Our
patience and tolerance for those who pervert the very necessary
and basic foundations of society has been pushed to insufferable
levels. They have "fundamentally" changed the form and substance
of the de jure Republican form of Government guaranteed to each
State under Article 4, Sec. 4 of the U.S. Constitution, exhibited
a willful and wanton disregard for the Rights, Safety and Property
of others, evinced a despotic design to reduce the people to
slavery, peonage and involuntary servitude, under a fraudulent,
tyrannical, seditious foreign oligarchy, with intent and purpose
to institute, erect and form a "Dictatorship" over all Citizens
and their Posterity.

34 Pactions, Confederations, and Alliances, and under pretense of
"emergency", which they themselves created, promoted and
furthered, formed a multitude of offices and retained those of
alien allegiance to perpetuate their frauds and to eat out the
substance of the good and productive people of this Land. They
have trespassed on our Lives, Liberties, Properties and Families
and endangered our Peace, Safety, Welfare and Dignity.

LAWBREAKING

35 In the field of law we got removal of federal common law with
the Erie Railroad Co. v Tompkins case, 304 US 64; and the
hodgepodging of the jurisdictions of Law and Equity together,
which is known as "One Form Of Action"; as two of the main
insanities dictated by the new owners. Law and Equity does not
mix any better than oil and water.

36 Sometime between 1958 and 1970 admiralty was mixed in with the
"One Form of Action" "civil actions". (See Rule 1 in the 1958 and
1970 Editions of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in Title 28
United States Code.)

37 In Federalist Paper No. 83 Hamilton expressed, "My
convictions are equally strong that great advantages result from
the separation of the equity and the law jurisdiction ..." The
Constitution establishes the three jurisdictions as separate in
Article III.

38 There is no Constitutional authority for operating in
bankruptcy under Martial Law/Rule. The legislative, executive,
and judicial branches no longer exist, as the de jure government
has fraudulently been dissolved and the entire country has been
received in bankruptcy by the Fund (IMF) and World Bank through a
series of "emergency war powers" acts.

39 The intent and objective of the bankruptcy was not to resolve
any "emergency"; it was to create one for the express purpose of
changing the governmental, social, economic and industrial
character of the de jure society, to infringe and abrogate
inalienable Rights, steal and alienate the birth Rights of the
People, impair the obligations of honest contracts, to defraud and
obtain a benefit therefrom, create turbulence and contention,
overthrow, and to establish a corrupt totalitarian oligarchy and
combination, in direct contravention to the Law of the Land, and
against the Peace, Dignity and Security of We The People (the real
State).

40 Because the States also are now bankrupt entities means that
now not even the (de facto) State courts have any sovereignty; no
enforceable jurisdiction, and can only invite participants into
court! State courts are now only courts of mediation. Fines
collected by these courts go to the Federal Reserve Banks, the
depository agents for the Fund and the Bank. Thus, administrative
agents in this State are also acting as trustees and agents for
foreign principals, and are required to register as such.

DE FACTO OPERATIONS

41 IF "public officials" represent the people under the
Constitution, they can only collect, use, and be paid in
Constitutional money, gold and silver. And they can only operate
at common law in all criminal matters except for Maritime
contracts.

42 Federal Reserve Banks are private banks; check the government
and private pages of the telephone book to see where they are
listed. IF "public officials" use Federal Reserve "Notes," or
funds reducible only to Federal Reserve "Notes" in public
business, they are using non-redeemable, dishonored, impaired,
depreciated, rehypothecated, interagency, international bills of
debt/credit, and have to be operating only a de facto government,
which is treason to their oaths of office and violations of their
agency obligations to the sovereign people, and in this case, for
foreign principals.

"A long habit of not thinking a thing wrong gives it a
superficial appearance of being right." Thomas Paine

43 It is a clearly established principle of law that a
corporation being incorporeal and a creature of the law must be
represented by an attorney. An attorney representing an artificial
entity, such as the (de facto) State of Connecticut, must appear
with the corporate charter and law in his hand. A person acting as
an attorney for a foreign principal must be registered pursuant to
the Foreign Agents Registration Act (22 USC Section 612 et seq.).
See Victor Rabinowitz et. al. v Robert F. Kennedy 376 US 605.

44 Failure to file said "Foreign Agents Registrations Statement"
goes directly to the jurisdiction, and lack of standing to be
before the court, and is a felony pursuant to 18 USC þþ 219, &
951. The conflict of law, interest and allegiance is obvious. "NO
MAN CAN SERVE TWO MASTERS." See Bible, Luke 16:13, Jeffery v
Pounds, 67 Cal.App.3d 6, Cinema 5 v Cinerama 528 F 2d 1384, Easly
v Brookline Trust 256 SW 2d 983.

45 In US v Woodly 726 F 2d 1328 and 751 F 2d 1008, it is ruled
that a judge who can be influenced by another Department or
others, is not an Article III de jure judge. And in US v Ferreira
13 How 42 it is ruled that a judge who can be influenced by
another (not independent), is only a commissioner under a treaty.
There is no authority under the Constitution for Statutory
Administrative courts.

"We (Courts) have no more right to decline the exercise of
jurisdiction which is given, than to usurp that which is not
given. The one or the other would be treason to the
Constitution." (Emphasis added) Cohen v Virginia 6 Wheat 264

"In all Cases ... in which a State shall be a Party ... the
supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction ..." Article 3,
Section 2, U.S. Constitution.

46 Judges who pretend judicial power without really having it,
and when they act for foreign principals, violate 18 USC þþ 219
and 951.

UNSECURED DEBT

47 This Affiant did not give permission to ANYONE to pledge his
life, liberty, body, property, and labor for someone else's
benefit, i.e., the federal government's debt. By federal
government is meant that totally bankrupt, functionally dead at
law, foreign municipal corporation domiciled in Washington, D.C.
called the "United States"

"... the United States is to be regarded as a body politic and
corporate. ... It is suggested that the United States is to be
regarded as a domestic corporation, so far as the State of New
York is concerned. We think this contention has no support in
reason or authority. ... The United States is a foreign
corporation in relation to a State." [Emphasis added] in re
Merriam's Estate, 36 NE 505, 506 22.

That the pledge was made anyway is fraud, because no one asked
this Affiant his permission or even told him about it. Security
for a debt can never be lawfully obtained by fraud. "Fraud
vitiates the most solemn contracts. documents and even judgments"
U.S. v Throckmorton, 98 US 426

FOREIGN AGENTS IN CHARGE!

48 The de facto "State" engages in activities forbidden to the de
jure State by collusion with the Internationals pursuant to 26 IRC
6103(k)(5) under the pretense of the "Intergovernmental Personnel
Act", acting as the "FedState Team." The FedState Team is under
the direction and control of the Assistant Commissioner
(INTERNATIONAL). See Internal Revenue Manual Section 1132.61
Pages 1100-40.1 through 1100-40.2 (1992 Edition) and FedState
Bulletins -Commissioner's Advisory Group Meeting September 24 & 25
Minutes.

49 The State government is supposed to protect it's citizens from
excesses by federal government personnel, and likewise the federal
government is supposed to protect us from excesses by State
government personnel. But the internationalist's aim IS excesses
and subjugation, so this "FedState Team" establishes cooperation
between all government personnel working not for the people, but
for foreign principals.

50 A municipal court is no more than a collection agent for the
creditors of what used to be OUR governments. The institutions
now functioning as the government are merely the alter ego of the
Fund and the Bank. These foreign entities are operating illegally
in this country by pretending to be the government for the people,
and is what the U.S. Supreme Court tacitly describes as
"cooperative federalism".

51 "Public officials" who under false and fraudulent pretenses
and colors of authority engage in soliciting and collecting
information, contributions, loans, money, or other things of value
for or in the interest of their foreign principals, and being
directly or indirectly subsidized, directed, controlled, or
financed by said foreign powers, and while deceitfully and
secretly agreeing to conceal their true character and true
principal were and are engaged in promoting and furthering the
principles and doctrines of One World Government, and the
dissolution of the several States united. Such promotion
constitutes the revival of the ancient pagan and evil Roman Civil
Law under which our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, was crucified,
and under which Christians were thrown to the lions.

52 All "public officials" in this State, acting as trustees for
foreign principals, at all times heretofore and herein were agents
for foreign principals as defined in 22 USC 611, namely The Fund
(IMF), and The Bank. As such they are required to file a foreign
agents registration statement form and supplements thereto,
pursuant to 22 USC 612, and are not exempt pursuant to 22 USC 613,
see Rabinowitz v Robert Kennedy 376 US 605.

53 Acting under false and fraudulent pretenses as officers and
officials of the de jure government of Connecticut is a violation
of the Penal Code if the "official" intends to induce another to
submit to his pretended official authority. This would also be a
violation of the victim's civil rights under Title 42 USC 1983.

TREASON

54 By continuing to administer this perfidy, "public officials"
are committing treason against not only the Constitution, but
against truth, rightness, and the real Sovereigns of the nation --
We the People.

"There is no position which depends on clearer principle than that
every act of a delegated authority, contrary to the tenor of the
commission under which it is exercised is void. No legislative
act, therefore, contrary to the Constitution, can be valid. To
deny this would be to affirm that the deputy is greater than his
principal; that the servant is above the master; that the
representatives of the people are superior to the people
themselves; that men acting by virtue of powers may do not only
what their powers do not authorize, but what they forbid."
Federalist Paper No. 78 Alexander Hamilton

WAR & EMERGENCY POWERS

55 Research is pouring in at an outrageous rate. The cat is out
of the bag. All across America people are becoming aware of this
fraud being perpetrated upon them by de facto "public officials"
who continue to administer this perfidy -- typical examples are:

From a Resolution Adopted by unanimous vote on June 17, 1995, by
the Republican Party of Texas State Executive Committee: "Whereas
there has occurred continuous breach of trust, duty and
obligation imposed under authority of the Constitution of the
United States of America, resulting in a continued abridgement of
the Rights, Privileges, Immunities, and Liberties of Citizens and
others, all committed under pretense of a continuing national
crisis and furtherance of emergency conditions; and

"Whereas, our forefathers recognizing these same conditions wrote
to the British Parliament and King of Great Britain in the
Declaration of Rights of 1774:

"Whereas, since the close of the last war, the British
Parliament, claiming a power of right to bind the people of
America, by statute, in all cases whatsoever, hath in some acts
expressly imposed taxes on them, and in others, under various
pretenses, but in fact for the purpose of raising a revenue, hath
imposed rates and duties payable in these colonies established a
board of commissioners, with unconstitutional powers, and extended
the jurisdiction of courts of admiralty, not only for collecting
the said duties, but for the trial of causes merely arising within
the body of a country ...

"Today under pretence of emergency and reorganization the mischief
has been recreated and reinstituted within the Nation and several
States of the Union, and has once again left the people without
any plain, speedy or adequate remedy, and is wholly contrary to
the true original extent and end of the Union and civil Government
as ordained and established by the people; ..." [Emphasis Added]

From a Resolution of the California Republican Assembly adopted on
March 26, 1995 Number 395.1

"Resolved: The California Republican Assembly at the Annual
Convention in San Diego, March 26, 1995 does hereby determine to
inform members of State and federal elected and appointed offices
that the United States of America is presently under War and
Emergency Powers and has been for 62 [64] years; be it further

"Resolved: That the California Republican Assembly will support
only men and women who are willing to become aware of the
usurpation of the power of the United States Constitution and who
are committed to restoring our Constitution to its rightful place
as the Supreme Law of the Land." [Emphasis added] There are
numerous other examples that could be cited here. But, it is
enough to say that this Affiant is far from being alone in his
concern for the State of affairs that has developed under the
fraudulent and contrived national "emergency" and the Martial
Law/Rule that has been secretly imposed upon them without their
knowledge or informed consent.


SECTION III - FUNDAMENTAL LAW

THE ORGANIC LAW OF THE CONNECTICUT STATE REPUBLIC

1. This section of this affidavit is made pursuant to Public Law
97-280 (1983) wherein it is proclaimed: "Whereas this Nation now
faces great challenges that will test this Nation as it has never
been tested before; and Whereas that renewing our knowledge of
and faith in God through Holy Scripture can strengthen us as a
nation and a people: ..."

2. "Every system of law known to civilized society generated from
or had as its component, one of three well known systems of
ethics: pagan, stoic or Christian. The common law draws its
subsistence from the later, its roots go deep into that system,
the Christian concept of right and wrong or right and justice
motivates every rule of equity. It is the guide by which we
dissolve domestic frictions and the rule by which all legal
controversies are settled." [Emphasis added] Strauss v. Strauss
(1941), 3 So. 2d 727, 728.

3. "What is a constitution, and what are its objects? It is easier
to tell what it is not than what it is. It is NOT the beginning of
a community, nor the origin of private rights; it is NOT the
fountain of law, nor the incipient state of government; it is not
the cause, but consequence, of personal freedom and political
freedom; it grants no rights to the people, but is the creature of
their power, the instument of their convenience. Designed for
their protection in the enjoyment of the rights and the powers
which they possessed before the constitution was made, it is but
the framework of the political government, and necessarily based
upon the PRE-EXISTING CONDITION OF LAWS, rights, habits, and modes
of thought. There is nothing primitive in it: it is all derived
from a known source. It presupposes an organized society, law,
order, property, personal freedom ... A written constitution is in
every instance a limitation upon the powers of government in the
hands of agents; for there never was a written republican
constitution which delegated to functionaries all the latent
powers which lie dormant in every nation, and are boundless in
extent, and incapable of definition." [Emphasis added] Hamilton v.
St. Louis County Court, 15 Mo. 13, per bates, arguendo. And
see\Matter of Oliver Lee & Co.'s Bank, 21 N.Y. 9. Thus it is
necessary to look to the "... PRE-EXISTING CONDITION OF LAWS ..."
of this state to ascertain what is the "law" of this State.

4. Christianity is now and has always been part of the Common Law
of this state and of the several States united: CHRISTIANITY. The
religion established by Jesus Christ. ( 2. Christianity has been
judicially declared to be a part of the common law of
Pennsylvania; 11 Serg. & Rawle, 394; 5 Binn. R.555; of New York,
8 Johns. R. 291; of Connecticut, 2 Swift's System, 321; of
Massachusetts, ( Dane's Ab. vol. 7, c. 219, a. 2, 19. Bovier's
Law Dictionary - 1856

5. The Preamble to the Constitution of the de jure Republic of
Connecticut sets forth the commission that all de jure "Public
Officials" have received from the people and have sworn an oath
before God to uphold and perpetuate: CONNECTICUT CONSTITUTION
PREAMBLE

"The people of the State of Connecticut acknowledging with
gratitude, the good providence of God, in having permitted them
to enjoy a free government; do, in order more effectually to
define, secure, and PERPETUATE the liberties, rights and
privileges which they have derived from their ancestors; hereby,
after a careful consideration and revision, ordain and establish
the following constitution and form of civil government."
[Emphasis added]

6. The 1818 Connecticut Constitution was not the beginning of
the public law of this state. It very explicitly states that it's
purpose and commission was to "... PERPETUATE the liberties,
rights and privileges which [we] they have derived from [our]
their ancestors" It is clear that this was not the beginning of
the Public State of Connecticut or of the rights that it was
instituted to protect and secure. It was designed to "PERPETUATE
... the rights and the powers which they (we) possessed before the
constitution was made,... it is but the framework of the
political government, and necessarily based upon the PRE-EXISTING
CONDITION OF LAWS, ..." .

PERPETUAL: That which is to last without limitation as to time;
as, a perpetual statute, which is one without limit as to time,
although not expressed to be so. Bovier's Law Dictionary - 1856
Edition

7. Therefore, it is necessary to go farther back in
Connecticut's legal history to ascertain what it is that all de
jure "Public Officials" in this state have sworn to uphold and
PERPETUATE pursuant to Article 11th of the 1818 Constitution of
the Republic of Connecticut.

THE FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT
January 14, 1639
PREAMBLE

"For as much as it hath pleased Almighty God by the wise
disposition of his divine providence so to order and dispose of
things that we the Inhabitants and Residents of Windsor, Hartford
and Wethersfield are now cohabiting and dwelling in and upon the
River of Connectecotte and the lands thereunto adjoining; and well
knowing where a people are gathered together the word of God
requires that to maintain the peace and union of such a people
there should be an orderly and decent government established
according to God, to order and dispose of the affairs of the
people at all seasons as occasion shall require; do therefore
associate and conjoin ourselves to be as one Public State or
Commonwealth; and do for ourselves and our successors and such as
shall be adjoined to us at any time hereafter, enter into
combination and confederation together, to maintain and preserve
the liberty and purity of the gospel of our Lord Jesus which we
now profess, as also, the discipline of the Churches, which
according to the truth of the said Gospel is now practiced amongst
us; as also in our civil affairs to be guided and governed
according to such Laws, Rules, Orders and Decrees as shall be
made, ordered, and decreed as followeth:" [Emphasis added]

Thus, we can see just what it is that the constitution of the
Connecticut State Republic was designed, "ordained" and
"established" to "PERPETUATE", and that which all de jure "public
officials" of this State are bound by oath to uphold and defend.
To do otherwise is to betray the people, violate their oaths and
cease to represent the people of this State.

8. From a U.S. House Judiciary Committee Report dated March, 27,
1854 which stated:

"Had the people, during the revolution, a suspicion of any attempt
to war against Christianity, that revolution would have been
strangled in its cradle... at the time of the adoption of the
constitution and its amendments, the universal sentiment was that
Christianity should be encouraged, but not any one sect. In this
age, there is no substitute for Christianity... that was the
religion of the founders of the republic and they expected it to
remain the religion of their descendants." [Emphasis added]

9. Two months later, in May of 1854, another U.S. House Judiciary
Committee Report stated:

"The great vital and conservative element in our system is the
belief of our people in the pure doctrines and the divine truths
of the gospel of Jesus Christ." 10. In "Church of the Holy
Trinity v. United States" (1892) the Supreme Court concluded
(backed by 87 historical precedents): "No purpose of action
against religion can be imputed to any legislation, state or
national, because this is a religious people... This is a
Christian Nation."

11. In "Runkel v. Winemiller" (1799), the Supreme Court concluded:

"By our form of government, the Christian religion is the
established religion; and all sects and denominations of
Christians are placed on the same equal footing."

12. In "People v. Ruggles" (1811) the Supreme Court concluded:

"Whatever strikes at the root of Christianity tends manifestly to
the dissolution of civil government."

13. Samuel Adams in 1776 said this:

"I have long been convinced that our Enemies have made it an
Object, to eradicate from the Minds of the People in general a
Sense of true Religion & Virtue, in hopes thereby the more easily
to carry their point of enslaving them."

14. John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State (Oration celebrating
July 4, 1821). Library of Congress copy, p.26

"From the day of the Declaration of Independence ... They [the
American People] were bound by the laws of God, which they all,
and by the laws of the Gospel, which they nearly all, acknowledged
as the rules of their conduct."


DELEGATION OF LAWFUL AUTHORITY

15. The basis of the legitimacy of a government depends upon the
law it must conform to. In America, the nature, scope and extent
of powers of government is dictated by the people in their
constitution, not by those in government. A lawful and legitimate
government exists when "established according to the constitution"
and exercising only those powers delegated to it by the people in
the constitution, Thus, outside the constitution, no government
exists except a de facto government.

16. A lawful government in America (whether local or national)
is also one that conforms to and abides by the established
principles the country was founded upon, and which were preserved
in the War for Independence.

17. It is fundamental that the frame of government is to be
composed of three separate, co- equal and independent branches of
government - legislative, executive, and judicial. None of these
branches can exercise or delegate the powers of any of the others.
Nor can they transfer their own constitutionally delgated powers.
It is also fundamental that these departments and their powers can
only be derived from the people. Political power is divided into
these three areas, and the doctrine of the separation of powers
is Fundamental. The legislature has no judicial or executive
authority to delegate.

"All political power is inherent in the people, and all free
governments are founded on their authority, ..."
Connecticut Constitution, Art.1 Sec. 2.

"Legislatures cannot confer judicial powers or functions." Nickle
v. School Board, 6 N.W.2nd 566, 571 (1953); George v.State, 55
So.2nd, 116. (1953)

18. The only lawful delegation of governmental authority in
America is from the people only. It cannot be derived from the
creditors of a bankruptcy. However, through the use of the
legislative power, these foreign principals have modified and
created executive and judicial functions of government,
particularly with the judicial branch. The judicial function has
failed to be an obstacle to legislative corruption and usurpation.
We thus find new courts (not authorized by the people in the
constitution) have been established by legislatures -- tax
courts, police courts, courts of appeals, traffic courts, etc.
These courts were "created" by the legislature in violation of the
doctrine of the separation of powers and are subject to the
legislature, and were not "created" by the people in the
constitution. The exercise of the checks and balances the framers
built into the constitution are not being observed.

19. The legislative power has been used to create a myriad of
boards, commissions, agencies, bureaus and departments, and
services, which are given legislative, judicial, and executive
powers and operate as regular government offices. This clandestine
usurpation of political power, which is sometimes called
"Administrative Law," forms a new de facto government.

"The term 'administrative law' is of comparatively recent origin
and is not one of the traditionally recognized parts of the common
law" 73 C.J.S.355.

"A de facto government exists after it has expelled the regularly
constituted authorities from the seats of power and the public
offices, and established its own functionaries in their places, so
as to represent in fact the sovereignty of the nation." Samuel
Thomas, Sheriff v. Wm. Taylor, 42 Miss. 651, 703 (1869); Keppel
v. Petersburg R. Co., 14 Fed. Cas. 357, 370, Case No. 7,722 (1868)

"A government de facto ... is a government that unlawfully gets
the possession and control of the rightful legal government ...
and claims to exercise the powers thereof." Williams v. Bruffy, 96
U.S. 176, 185 (1877)

20. The creditors of the contrived bankruptcy are the forces
that manipulate Congress and State legislatures and have
effectually established their own government -- legislative,
executive, and judicial -- which has taken the place of the lawful
or regular government established by the people.

21. With the Declaration of Independence, the people declared
that all government over them is at an end, and none can ever
exist except established by the people --- "deriving their just
powers from the Consent of the Governed."

It is a maxim of law that "a thing invalid from the beginning
cannot be made valid by a subsequent act."

"[T]he Federal government ... as a creature of that compact (the
constitution), must be bound by it to its creators, the several
States in the Union, and the citizens thereof. Having no existence
but under the constitution, nor any rights but such as that
instrument confers."
Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution, v. i., 318.

13. Emergency powers can only be exercised for the sole and exclusive
purpose of preserving civil government. To switch to a pagan or
stoic system of ethics and therefore law "... tends manifestly to
the dissolution of civil government." and, "... strikes at the
root of Christianity."

14. As a Christian, Created by, and accountable to, God Almighty,
I am subject to the jurisdiction thereof. I am not a person
"created" by statute and subject to the jurisdiction thereof. I
cannot, in good faith and conscience, participate in a fraud that
"... tends manifestly to the dissolution of civil government,"
and that "... strikes at the root of Christianity..." When the men
in government become lawbreakers and practice deception, they act
of their own accord and cease to represent the people of this
State.



SECTION IV - RECISSION & STATUS

Due to all of the foregoing Sections of this Affidavit, the
undersigned is compelled by conscience to revert back to
fundamental principles. I do therefore, due to the constructive
fraud outlined herein, revoke, cancel, rescind and make void ab
initio, nunc pro tunc, my signature on any and all contracts,
agreements, forms, or any instrument which may be construed in any
way to give any agency or department of any federal or state
government authority, venue, or jurisdiction over me.

1. Be it known to all courts, government agents, and other
parties, that I, Theodore Ralph Pedemonti, am a natural freeborn
Christian Sovereign, without subjects. I am not of subject status
nor am I subject to any entity anywhere apart from Almighty God,
nor is any entity subject to me. I neither dominate anyone, nor am
I dominated.

My authority for this statement is the same as it is for all free
Sovereigns everywhere: the age-old, timeless, and universal
respect for the intrinsic rights, property, freedoms and
responsibilities of the Sovereign Individual.

"At the revolution the sovereignty devolved in the people and they
are truly the sovereigns of the country, but they are sovereigns
without subjects ..." [Emphasis added] Chisholm v. Georgia 2 U.S.
436, 491

"Sovereignty itself is, of course, not subject to law, for it is
the author and source of law; but in our system while sovereign
powers are delegated to the agencies of government, sovereignty
itself remains with the people, by whom and for whom all
government exists and acts." [Emphasis added] Woo Lee v. Hopkins
118 U.S. 356

2. Authority for the above statement is also codified at Title
1, pages xxix and xxx wherein the authority in this case is the
Declaration of Independence. "In a country founded upon a declared
principle that all men are created equal." J.J. Burlamaqui,
Principles of the Laws of Nature.

3. Having been Created free and equal with all other men and
endowed by my Creator with certain and secure (u)inalienable
rights. I am neither under the authority of any superior nor
subject to the jurisdiction of anything other than the Christian
Common Law of this State and of the several States united.

4. However, being subject to Almighty God and the Christian
Common Law necessitates the execution of this affidavit as I
cannot in good faith and Christian conscience participate in
fraud, (see Section II) knowing the penalties accessed against me
by Almighty God for so doing.

5. I am not a "person" as such term is defined in statutes of the
United States or statutes of the several States when such
definition includes artificial entities. I refuse to be treated
as a federally or State created entity that is only capable of
exercising certain rights, privileges, or immunities as
specifically granted by federal or State governments.

6. Consistent with the eternal tradition of natural common law,
unless I have harmed or violated someone or their property, I have
committed no crime; and therefore, I am not subject to any
penalty. The definition of [natural] common law used herein, is
not precedented "case-law" that has been arbitrarily made by
ignorant or corrupt "judges" to suit a corrupt "system". It is the
Christian Common law of this State and of the several States
united and upheld by honorable judges.

7. I act according to the principles set forth in the following
U.S. Supreme Court case:

"The individual may stand upon his constitutional rights as a
citizen. He is entitled to carry on his private business in his
own way. His power to contract is unlimited. He owes no such duty
[to submit his books and papers for an examination] to the State,
since he receives nothing therefrom, beyond the protection of
his life and property. His rights are such as existed by the law
of the land [Common Law] long antecedent to the organization of
the State, and can only be taken from him by due process of law,
and in accordance with the Constitution. Among his rights are a
refusal to incriminate himself, and the immunity of himself and
his property from arrest or seizure except under a warrant of the
law. He owes nothing to the public so long as he does not trespass
upon their rights." [Emphasis added] Hale v. Henkel, 201 U.S. 43
at 47 (1905)

Many issues such as these are affirmed in the Magna Carta, the
Great Charter of English liberty, 1215, and carried forward to
this States fundamental organic law. (See Section III).

8. Thus, be it known to all, that I reserve my natural common law
right not to be compelled to perform under any contract that I did
not enter into knowingly, voluntarily, and intentionally.
Furthermore, I do not accept the liability associated with the
compelled and pretended "benefit" of any hidden or unrevealed
contract or commercial agreement.

9. As such, any hidden or unrevealed contracts that supposedly
create obligations to perform, for persons of subject status, are
inapplicable to me, and are null and void. If I have participated
in any of the supposed "benefits" associated with these hidden
contracts, I have done so under duress, for lack of any practical
alternative. I may have received such "benefits" but I have not
accepted them in a manner that binds me to anything.

10. Any such participation does not constitute "acceptance" in
contract law, because of the absence of full disclosure of any
valid "offer," and voluntary consent without misrepresentation or
coercion, under contract law. Without a valid voluntary offer and
acceptance, knowingly entered into by both parties, there is no
"meeting of the minds," and therefore no valid contract. Any
supposed "contracts" or "implied contracts" upon which current day
judges take "silent" judicial notice are therefore void, ab initio
and rescinded Nunc Pro Tunc.

11. From my age of consent to the date affixed herein I have never
signed a government contract knowingly, willingly, intelligently,
and voluntarily whereby I have waived any of my natural common law
rights. I have never consented to be removed from the protection
of our constitutions and the Christian Common Law upon which they
are founded. Take Notice that I revoke, cancel, and make void ab
initio, nunc pro tunc my signature on any and all contracts,
agreements, forms, or any instrument which may be construed in any
way to give any agency or department of any federal or state
government authority, venue, or jurisdiction over me, including
military jurisdiction as I am a civilian in private live.

This position is in accordance with the principles set forth in
the U.S. Supreme Court decision of Brady v. U.S., 379 U.S. 742 at
748 (1970):

"Waivers of Constitutional Rights not only must be voluntary, they
must be knowingly intelligent acts, done with sufficient
awareness of the relevant circumstances and consequences."

Typical examples of such compelled and pretended "benefits" are:

a) Federal Reserve Notes: The limited liability associated with
the use of Federal Reserve Notes to discharge my debts. I have
used these only because in America there is very little or no
"lawful money" i.e. gold and silver, in circulation.

b) Bank Accounts: If there is any hidden contract behind the
bank signature card, my signature thereon gives no validity to it.
The signature is only for verification of identity. I can not be
obligated to fulfill any hidden or unrevealed contract whatsoever
due to the absence of full disclosure and voluntary consent.

Likewise, my use of the bank account thereof is due to the absence
or scarcity of a bank not associated with the Federal Reserve
system. In general, people have been prevented from issuing their
own currencies, and such prevention is in violation of the United
States Constitution. Were there an alternative, I would be happy
to use it. To not use any bank at all is impossible or very
difficult, as everyone knows, in today's marketplace.

c) Social Security Number: The use of a Social Security number
normally assigned to persons of subject status, I have used
exceptionally, under duress, only because of the extreme
inconvenience of operating without one in today's marketplace. It
is requested by banks, employers, lenders, and many other
government agencies and businesses. My reason for using it is not
because I wish to participate in the Social Security system, as I
do not wish to participate. Let it be known that if I use the
Social Security number assigned to me I use it for information
only and not for identification of myself as a "taxpayer" or
artificial "person" defined by statute, or as a "person" who has
"elected" to stand as "surety" for the bankrupt Corporate United
States in exchange for Social Security benefits. Any supposed
"election" on my part is void due to the constructive fraud of
non-disclosure and is therefore void, ab initio, and rescinded
nunc pro tunc. I am neither the subject of nor the object of the
Internal Revenue Laws contained in Title 26 USC or in this states
"income tax" laws. I am not an "individual" member of a municipal
corporation, state or federal.

d) Past tax returns or forms filed: Any tax returns or forms I
may have filed in the past, were filed due to the dishonest
atmosphere of fear and intimidation created by the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) and the local assessor's offices; not
because there is any law requiring me to do so. Once I discovered
that the IRS and other tax agencies have been misinforming the
public, I have felt it is my responsible duty to society to
terminate my voluntary participation. Because such returns were
filed under Threat, Duress, and Coercion (TDC), and no two-way
contract was ever signed with full disclosure, there is nothing in
any past filing of returns or payments that created any valid
contract. Therefore, no legal obligation on my part was ever
created. My signature on any such form is therefore canceled,
revoked, rescinded, and made void, ab initio, nunc pro tunc.

e) Driver's License: As a free Christian Sovereign, there is no
legal requirement for me to have such a license to "drive" an
automobile on the common ways . Technically, the unrevealed legal
purpose of a driver's license is commercial in nature. Since I do
not carry passengers for hire, there is no law requiring me to
have a license to travel for my own pleasure and that of my family
and friends. However, because of the lack of education of police
officers on this matter, should I be stopped for any reason and
found to be without a license, it is likely, I would be ticketed
and fined or unlawfully summoned to appear in Court and be
subjected to the administrative process of summary court martial
proceedings. Therefore, if I have carried a license in the past,
it was under duress, a mistake of law, due to constructive fraud,
to avoid extreme inconvenience. Any supposed "license" is
therefore void, ab initio and rescinded nunc pro tunc, as no
license can exist relative to the right of Christian liberty on
the common ways.

f) License Plates: State plates on the car I "drive". Similarly,
even though technically, all cars do not fit the legal definition
of a "motor vehicle," which is used for commercial purposes,
nevertheless, it may be registered with the state and carry the
state plates on it, because to have any other plates or no plates
at all, causes me to run the risk of police officer harassment,
unlawful property seizure and extreme inconvenience.

g) Birth Certificate: The fact that a birth certificate was
granted to me by a local hospital or government agency when I
entered this world, is irrelevant to my Sovereignty. No status,
high or low, can be assigned to another person through a piece of
paper, without the recipient's full knowledge and consent.
Therefore, such a piece of paper provides date and place
information only. It indicates nothing about jurisdiction, nothing
about property ownership, nothing about rights, and nothing about
subject status. The only documents that can have any legal
meaning, as it concerns my status in society, are those which I
have signed as an adult, with full knowledge and consent, free
from misrepresentation or coercion of any kind.

h) Marriage license: The acquisition of a marriage license is now
being revealed as being necessary only for slaves. It does not
make the "State" a party to my marriage contract and does not give
the "State" any control over my children. The act of a Sovereign
such as myself obtaining such a license, through social custom and
ignorance of law, has no legal effect in changing my status. This
is because any such change in status, if any may be supposed to
occur, could happen only through a hidden and unrevealed contract
or statute. Since no hidden, unrevealed, and undisclosed
information, if it exists, can be lawfully held to be binding, it
is null and void.

i) Public Schools: Children in public school. The attendance of
my children in government-supported "public" schools does not
create any legal tax obligation for me, nor any other legal
obligation, because I never signed a contract agreeing to such
obligation for the supposed compulsory "privilege" of public
school attendance.

If any of my children have attended government supported "public"
schools, such was done under duress and not out of free will. Be
it known that I regard "compulsory State education" as a violation
of the 2nd Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution which
states in relevant part: "Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party
shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United
States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

j) Declaration of Citizenship: Any document I may have ever
signed, in which I answered "yes" to the question, "Are you a U.S.
citizen?"-cannot be used to compromise my status as a Sovereign,
nor obligate me to perform in any manner. This is because without
full written disclosure of the definition and consequences of such
supposed "citizenship," provided in a document bearing my
signature given freely without misrepresentation or coercion,
there can be no legally binding contract.

I am not a "United States" citizen subject to its jurisdiction.
The United States is an entity created by the U.S. Constitution
with jurisdiction described in Section I of this Affidavit. I am
not a "resident of," an "inhabitant of," a "franchise of," a
"subject of", a "ward of," the "property of," the "chattel of," or
"subject to the jurisdiction of" any corporate federal government,
corporate state government, corporate county government, corporate
city government, or corporate municipal body politic created under
the alleged authority of the U.S. Constitution. I am not subject
to any legislation, department, or agency created by such
authorities, nor to the jurisdiction of any employees, officers,
or agents deriving their authority therefrom. Further, I am not a
subject of the Administrative and Legislative Article IV Courts of
the several States, or Article I Courts of the United States, or
bound by precedents of such courts, deriving their jurisdiction
from said authority.

Take Notice that I hereby revoke, cancel, rescind and make void ab
initio, nunc pro tunc any such instrument or any presumed
"election" made by any of the several States or the United States
government or any agency or department thereof, that I am or ever
have voluntarily "elected" to stand as surety for the debts of the
bankrupt United States or any of the several States or to be
treated as a United States citizen subject to its jurisdiction or
a resident of any territory, possession, instrumentality or
enclave under the sovereignty or exclusive jurisdiction of the
United States as defined in the U.S. Constitution in Article I,
Sec. 8, Cl. 17 and Article IV, Sec. 3, Cl. 2.

k) Voter registration: Similarly, since no obligation to perform
in any manner was ever revealed in print, as part of the
requirements for the supposed "privilege" to vote for government
officials, any such registration on my part cannot be legal
evidence of any obligation to perform. Likewise, I have granted NO
jurisdiction over me, to any political office.

l) Postal Service: "Free Delivery" or use of the 2-letter State
code and zip code. My use of the 2-letter State code and zip code
in my "address" that is secretly codified to indicate United
States "federal zone" jurisdiction, has no effect whatsoever on my
Christian Sovereign status. Simply by receiving or sending "mail"
through a quasi-federal messenger service, the postal service, at
a location designated as a "federal zone" or indicated with a
2-letter State code and zip code, cannot place me under federal
jurisdiction or obligation. Such a presumption would be
ludicrous.

I use these codes only for the purposes of information and making
it more efficacious for the U.S. Postal Service to deliver my mail
and I do not accept any liability associated therewith to subject
myself to any jurisdiction foreign to my venue and status under
the Christian Common Law.

m) Use of semantics: There are some immature people with mental
imbalances, such as the craving to dominate other people, who
masquerade as "government." Just because they alter definitions of
words in the law books to their supposed advantage, doesn't mean I
accept those definitions. The fact that they define the words
"person," "address," "mail," "resident," "motor vehicle,"
"driving," "passenger," "employee," "income," among others, in
ways different from the common usage, so as to be associated with
a subject of slave status, means nothing to a natural freeborn
Christian Sovereign.

Because the courts have become entangled in the game of semantics,
be it known to all courts and parties, that if I have ever signed
any document or spoken any words on record, using words defined by
twists in the law books different from the common usage, there can
be no effect whatsoever on my Sovereign status in society thereby,
nor can there be created any obligations to perform in any manner,
by the mere use of such words. Where the meaning in the common
dictionary differs from the meaning in statute law, it is the
meaning in the common dictionary that prevails, because it is more
trustworthy.

n) Uniform Commercial Code: I am not in commerce and the
Uniform Commercial Code/Law Merchant is private law and has no
applicability to myself in any dealings with government.

12. Such compelled and supposed "benefits" include, but are not
limited to, the aforementioned typical examples. My use of such
alleged "benefits" is under duress only, and is with full
reservation of all of my common law rights. I have waived none of
my intrinsic rights and freedoms by my use thereof.

13. Private rights are the cornerstone and first principle of all
free government. The focus of all law is to secure these rights
from all encroachments as the sole and exclusive purpose and
fuction of government. This elementary "truth" is stated
succinctly:

"... and to secure these rights governments are instituted among
men." Declaration of Independance

"All that government does and provides legitimately is in pursuit
of duty to provide protection for private rights." [Emphasis
added] Wynhamer v. People, 13 NY 378

This "duty" is a debt owed to its Creator, We the People, and the
private unenfranchised individual; which debt and duty is never
extinquished or discharged and is "perpetual." No matter what the
government/State provides in manner of convenience and safety, the
sovereign individual "owes nothing to the public [or to the
government] so long as he does not trespass upon their rights."
(See Hale v Henkel, supra)

*****

I affirm that all of the foregoing is asserted in good faith and
is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and
until rebutted stands as truth. I affirm that I am of lawful age
and am competent to make this Affidavit. I hereby affix my own
signature to all of the affirmations in this entire document with
explicit reservation of all my inalienable rights and my specific
common law right not to be bound by any contract or obligation
which I have not entered into knowingly, willingly, voluntarily,
and without misrepresentation, duress, or coercion.

The use of notary below is for identification only, and such use
does NOT grant any jurisdiction to anyone.

FURTHER AFFIANT SAITH NOT.

Subscribed and sworn, with all rights reserved,

_____________________________________
Theodore Ralph Pedemonti, Sui Juris.

On this the _____ day of ______, in the year of Our Lord Nineteen
Hundred & Ninety Seven, before me, the undersigned, a Notary
Public in and for Connecticut, personally appeared the above
signed, known to me to be the one whose name is signed on this
instrument.

Signed: _________________________ Date: _____________

Seal _______________

Printed Name: ____________________My commission expires:___________


The United States Government and "Constructive Fraud"