Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. (APNT): Kanzius/Splitting H2O/background search results

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Posted by: nanopatent	Date: Saturday, June 16, 2007 6:07:38 PM
In reply to: nanopatent who wrote msg# 1553	Post # of 2014

Kanzius/Splitting H2O/background search results

I looked in Google and the USPTO files for "splitting water" and "radio frequency" and found these:

1)
United States Patent Application 20050178670
Kind Code A1
Austin, Gary Nin August 18, 2005

Transition structures and catalytic reaction pathways for the production of hydrogen and oxygen

Abstract

The present invention provides a system and method for the dissociation of water into H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 gas. The system and method disclose a reaction vessel having at least one radiolysis apparatus, at least one photolysis apparatus, and at least one electrolysis apparatus, all in communication with said reaction vessel. The reaction vessel has a body, a first end and a second end defining an interior. Further, the reaction vessel has an inlet for receiving water from a water supply into its interior and at least two outlet ports to allows H.sub.2 or O.sub.2 to egress therefrom. Still further, at least one catalyst is located within the interior of the reaction vessel. The radiolysis apparatus, photolysis apparatus, and electrolysis apparatus, in combination the with the catalyst provides for the dissociation of water into H.sub.2 and O.sub.2.

Inventors: Austin, Gary Nin; (Stillwater, OK)

[0059] As set out above, the inventive process utilizes light, electrical and microwave energies to generate hydrogen and oxygen from water. Typically, the water is an a vapor state. This vapor is irradiated with light emitted from mercury vapor lamps that emit UV radiation in the duel band wavelengths of 185 and 254 nm. The interior of the reaction vessel is coated with one or more transition metal oxides photo catalysts. This coating will act to contain the UV radiation inside the reaction vessel. Microwave energy is supplied by a RF wave emitter. The UV radiation and RF wavelengths will excite and heat the water molecules to the point of separation of hydrogen and oxygen. The transition metal oxide coating on the interior of the reaction vessel will also act as an electro-catalysts to accomplish the migration of the hydrogen and oxygen molecules to exit the reaction vessel separately. Reaction temperatures inside the reaction vessel will be approximately 505 Kelvin.

http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fn....

2)
United States Patent 6,217,712
Mohr April 17, 2001
Catalytic simulation using radio frequency waves

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of using radio frequency waves to artificially create catalytic action in a catalyst-free chemical reaction within a substance. To mimic or imitate the catalyst, radio frequency waves are transmitted through the substance at a signal strength sufficient to electronically reproduce the effect of the physical presence of a selected catalyst. The radio frequency waves have a selected transmission frequency substantially equal to a catalyst signal frequency of the selected catalyst, defined as the signal frequency determined by nuclear magnetic resonance of the selected catalyst. It is commonplace to use nuclear magnetic resonance to identify elements within a substance and the signal frequencies of various elements (including catalysts) are listed in widely published tables. To date, the mechanism by which catalysts bring about chemical reactions has been unknown. The inventor has recognised that the physical presence of a catalyst brings about a chemical reaction due to the emission of low intensity radio frequency waves from the catalyst with the signal frequency that is emitted being the signal frequency of the catalyst that is commonly determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Therefore, the invention can be used to eliminate the need for expensive metallic catalysts, such as platinum. The invention electronically reproduces the effect of the physical presence of a catalyst by transmission of a radio frequency wave with a signal frequency equal to that signal frequency emitted by the catalyst and as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance of the catalyst.
Inventors: Mohr; Thomas J. (Maple, Ontario, CA)
Appl. No.: 09/412,359
Filed: October 5, 1999

FIG. 1 illustrates a device which can be used to carry out the method of the invention. In this example, the method of the invention is used to artificially create catalytic action in a catalyst-free chemical reaction within a substance that is conducted through a pipeline in the direction of the arrows shown. Radio frequency waves are used to artificially create this catalytic action as liquid electrolyte is conveyed through a pipeline 1 in the direction of arrows by a pump (not shown). Electrolyte is used in this example, however it would be understood that any means for containing a substance during a chemical reaction may be used such as agitator tanks, cracking towers, settling tanks, etc.

A radio frequency wave transmitter 2 is disposed in communication with the electrolyte by means of a standing wave antenna 3 which is submerged in the electrolyte within the pipe 1 and the section 7. As best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the antenna 3 communicates with an oscillator coil 4 which receives the radio frequency signal from the frequency generator 2 via a cable 5.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the chemical reaction is electrolysis carried out within an electrolytic cell 6. Within the cell 6 is disposed cathode 9 and anodes 8 both connected to a source of an electric current and immersed in the electrolytic substance. Preferably the electrolyte is water and the chemical reaction comprises electrolysis to increase the dissolved oxygen gas within the water as it passes through the electrolytic cell 6.

In operation, the method involves transmitting radio frequency waves generated from the frequency generator 2 and emitted via the standing wave antenna 3 to conduct the radio frequency waves through the electrolyte at a signal strength sufficient to electronically reproduce the effects of the physical presence of a catalysts.

In a traditional electrolysis reaction, the cathodes 9 and anodes 8 would be plated with a metallic catalyst such as platinum. However, in the method of the invention the cathodes 9 and anodes 8 are not plated with a catalyst since the radio frequency waves transmitted via the antenna 3 artificially create the same catalytic action. The radio frequency waves have a selected transmission frequency, substantially equal to a catalyst signal frequency of the selected catalyst. This catalyst signal frequency is defined as the signal frequency conventionally determined by nuclear magnetic resonance of the selected catalyst. For example, where the selected catalyst is platinum the radio frequency transmission is in the order of 9.29 megahertz. This frequency and the frequencies of other catalysts are commonly listed in NMR tables and are readily available to those skilled in the relevant art.

It will be understood however, that nuclear magnetic resonance is conventionally used to identify elements that are present within an unknown substance. The elements under bombardment of external radio frequencies in the presence of strong magnetic field emit a signal radio frequency which can be detected and definitely identifies the element. These signal frequencies are listed in NMR tables and are used by those skilled in the art to conclusively determine what elements are present within an unknown substance.

In contrast, the present invention utilises these established radio frequencies to electronically artificially create catalytic action in a catalyst free chemical reaction. Therefore, it will be understood that the method does not use conventional nuclear magnetic resonance but rather uses the result of NMR to determine the appropriate radio frequency to be used and transmitted through the antenna 3.

http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fne....

3)
Hydrogen and oxygen generation from water using resonance frequency - from hypersonic generator in efficient, environmentally friendly technique, giving hydrogen useful e.g. as fuel

Publication number: DE4238952
Publication date: 1994-05-05
Inventor: RASBACH KLAUS (DE)
Applicant: RASBACH KLAUS (DE)
Classification:
- international: B01J19/12; C01B3/04; C01B13/02; B01J19/12; C01B3/00; C01B13/02; (IPC1-7): C01B13/00; B01J19/10; C01B3/00
- European: B01J19/12D6; C01B3/04B2; C01B13/02
Application number: DE19924238952 19921116
Priority number(s): DE19924238952 19921116

Abstract of DE4238952
In resonance-based generation of H2 and O2 from water, using a hypersonic generator of suitable frequency, the resonance frequency (fO) can be that corresp. to the distance (d) between the nucleus of the O atoms and its outer electron shell or the proton. fO can be calculated approx. from the formula: fO = c/(pi.d), where c= the speed of sound in water and pi= the Ludolf's no). USE/ADVANTAGE - The H2 can be used as fuel in power stations or in hydrogenation (hardening fat), synthesis of petrol, MeOH and NH3, redn in metallurgy, in welding etc. The O2 can also be used for technical and other purposes. The overall efficiency of the process is much higher than usual and the process is more friendly to the environment.

http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=DE4238952&F=0

4)
United States Patent Application 20040265137
Kind Code A1
Bar-Gadda, Ronny December 30, 2004
Method for generating hydrogen from water or steam in a plasma

Abstract

Water molecules, preferably in the form of steam or water vapor, are introduced into a plasma. The plasma causes the water molecules to dissociate into their constituent molecular elements of hydrogen and oxygen. To prevent recombining of the constituent molecular elements, the hydrogen and oxygen are separated from each other. Various devices may be employed to effect this separation. Once separated, the molecular components are prevented from recombining with each other or with other elements by using standard separation techniques normally employed for separating dissimilar gaseous species.
Inventors: Bar-Gadda, Ronny; (Palo Alto, CA)

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] Plasma is often called the "fourth state of matter," the other three being solid, liquid and gas. A plasma is a distinct state of matter containing a significant number of electrically charged particles, this number being sufficient to affect its electrical properties and behavior. In an ordinary gas each atom contains an equal number of positive and negative charges wherein the positive charges in the nucleus are surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons. Each atom in the ordinary gas is therefore electrically "neutral."

[0023] The gas becomes a plasma when the addition of heat or other energy causes a significant number of atoms to release some or all of their electrons. The remaining parts of those atoms are left with a positive charge, and the detached negative electrons are free to move about. The positively charged atoms and the resulting electrically charged gas are said to be "ionized." When enough atoms are ionized to significantly affect the electrical characteristics of the gas, it is a plasma.

[0024] In many cases interactions between the charged particles and the neutral particles are important in determining the behavior and usefulness of the plasma. The type of atoms in a plasma, the ratio of ionized to neutral particles and the particle energies all result in a broad spectrum of plasma types, characteristics and behaviors.

[0025] The plasma itself can be produced via several techniques and may further be continuous wave or pulsed. A water plasma may be created utilizing energy in the microwave, radio frequency or low frequency region. Frequencies from 50 Hz to 100 gHz may be used. Pressures from 1 mtorr to 1000 atmospheres can be used. In addition, arc plasmas may also be used to crack water to hydrogen in oxygen. Arc plasmas generally employ two electrodes as a means of completing the electrical path.

[0026] Accordingly, the present invention, as described herein, is not limited to any particular methodology to develop the plasma. Examples of plasma generation devices that may be used, but not limited to, are low pressure (non-equilibrium) plasmas, penning plasma discharge, radio frequency capacitive discharges, radio frequency inductively coupled plasmas, microwave generated plasma, D.C. electrical discharges, and inductively coupled discharges.

http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fn....

5)
United States Patent Application 20050029120
Kind Code A1
Bar-Gadda, Ronny February 10, 2005
Radiant energy dissociation of molecular water into molecular hydrogen

Abstract

Water molecules, preferably in the form of steam or water vapor, are introduced into a radiant energy transfer reactor. The radiant energy is absorbed by the molecules which dissociate into their constituent molecular elements of hydrogen and oxygen. To prevent recombining of the constituent molecular elements, the hydrogen and oxygen are separated from each other. Various devices may be employed to effect this separation. Once separated, the molecular components are prevented from recombining with each other or with other elements by using standard separation techniques normally employed for separating dissimilar gaseous species.
Inventors: Bar-Gadda, Ronny; (Palo Alto, CA)
[0039] Water molecules, in particular, absorb greater amounts of electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the ultraviolet, infrared, microwave or radio frequency spectrum. The OH bond of the water molecule has a characteristic frequency or wavelength based on the kinetic or electronic modes described above. Accordingly, at specific wavelengths or frequencies within this spectrum the OH bond will dissociate, in any one or combination of the kinetic and electronic modes, providing that the energy of the electromagnetic energy at the frequency of dissociation is sufficient to overcome the energy of such bond. For example, one such frequency will excite the translational mode of the water molecule, and with sufficient energy, cause the molecule to dissociate. Other frequencies will of course excite the other modes.

http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fn....

So there it is! I don't know if Kanzius has one of these presentations, or a combination of them or something completely different but it sure bears watching....and I shall!

The SEC Must Go!
And jail shorters.

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