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Synergy of immune checkpoint blockade with a novel synthetic consensus DNA vaccine targeting TERT
Elizabeth K. Duperret, Megan C. Wise, Aspen Trautz, Daniel O. Villarreal, Bernadette Ferraro, Jewell Walters, Jian Yan, Amir Khan, Emma Masteller, Laurent Humeau, David B. Weiner'Correspondence information about the author David B. WeinerEmail the author David B. Weiner
Publication stage: In Press Accepted Manuscript
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.010
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade antibodies are setting a new standard of care for cancer patients. It is therefore important to assess any new immune-based therapies in the context of immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we evaluate impact of combining a synthetic consensus TERT DNA vaccine that has improved capacity to break tolerance with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We observed that blockade of CTLA-4, or, to a lesser extent, PD-1, synergized with TERT vaccine generating more robust anti-tumor activity compared to checkpoint alone or vaccine alone. Despite this anti-tumor synergy, none of these immune checkpoint therapies showed improvement in TERT antigen-specific immune responses in tumor bearing mice. aCTLA-4 therapy enhanced the frequency of T-bet+/CD44+ effector CD8+ T cells within the tumor, and decreased the frequency of regulatory T cells within the tumor but not the peripheral blood. CTLA-4 blockade synergized more with TERT DNA vaccine than Treg depletion, suggesting that the effect of CTLA-4 blockade is likely due more to the expansion of effector T cells in the tumor rather than the reduction in Tregs. These results suggest that immune checkpoint inhibitors function to alter the immune regulatory environment to synergize with DNA vaccines, rather than boosting antigen-specific responses at the site of vaccination.
Keywords:
CTLA4, DNA vaccine, immune tolerance, PD1, TERT
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http://www.cell.com/molecular-therapy-family/molecular-therapy/abstract/S1525-0016(17)30569-5
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