NorthWest Biotherapeutics Inc (NWBO)

[Rkmatters]

This NIH paper speaks to the lymphatic trafficking an immune response generation after immunization by different routes. It compares different vaccine methods, to find which worked best. The route can mask the potency of the vaccine. And, yes, Intradermal (under the skin) immunization (verses on the skin) was the best; of course, this is before Intratumoral vaccinations entered the picture.

What I found most interesting is that the flow cytometry analysis points to DIRECT multiple injection sites can lead to a stronger response.
Different immunization routes lead to a different level of higher and stronger involvement of lymph nodes. I truly suspect NWBO will consider lymphatic trafficking as one on the selection criteria for deciding exactly which tumors to inject. Yes, tumor size will matter (uptake of antigen in quantity, quality is important), but choosing sites based on location of the tumors may matter as well (immune generation for a higher lymphatic involvement). Decide for yourself.

With more antigens reaching secondary Lymphoid organs a larger population of antigen presenting cells can become activated which can then have the potential of increasing CD8+ T cells. This increase in antigen to dispersal to different lymph nodes is particularly evident for Intradermal immunization which led not only to the largest lymph node involvement but also maintained antigens for the longest period of time.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717166/pdf/nihms87188.pdf