Calmare Therapeutics Inc (fka CTTC)

[Vaffan-Coulo]

"To say that ALL devices delivering electrostiumlation through the skin (transcutaneous) are identical is patently absurd."???

Uhhhh...no, it's not.

There are only TWO things that a TENS device can do.

One -- the current can trigger a muscle spasm in any fibers just deep to the electrode.

Two -- the current, if high enough, can generate heat that can trigger heat nociceptors.

The first causes the "twitch" that patients sometimes feel. The second may cause pain -- sometimes described as a "bee sting."

Those are ALL the physical effects that a TENS device can achieve. There are NO other. ALL TENS devices result in varying degrees in muscle twitches and/or burning pain.

You can call'em anything you like, but they are all fundamentally IDENTICAL and they ALL achieve fundamentally the SAME results.